My research ranges from microbial physiology to Earth system science on timescales from hours to decades. To allow this wide range of relevant processes to be integrated, I am building a global ocean biogeochemical model that is based on plankton functional types (a Dynamic Green Ocean Model). To keep this model realistic and allow extrapolation into climate change scenarios, I place strong emphasis on data-synthesis of observations to derive model equations, estimate parameters and to evaluate the results. Moreover, I incorporate known physical mechanisms and ecological relationships as additional constraints. To make use of developments in this range of research fields, I instigate and participate in many UK and international collaborations.
Erik Buitenhuis
Senior Researcher
Selected Publications
Other
Selected Publications
Le Quéré, C., Buitenhuis, E. T., Moriarty, R., Alvain, S., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Chollet, S., Enright, C., Franklin, D. J., Geider, R. J., Harrison, S. P., Hirst, A. G., Larsen, S., Legendre, L., Platt, T., Prentice, I. C., Rivkin, R. B., Sailley, S., Sathyendranath, S., Stephens, N., Vogt, M., Vallina, S. M. (2016) Role of zooplankton dynamics for Southern Ocean phytoplankton biomass and global biogeochemical cycles Full Text UEA Repository
Beaulieu, C., Cole, H., Henson, S., Yool, A., Anderson, T., De Mora, L., Buitenhuis, E. T., Butenschön, M., Totterdell, I. J., Allen, J. I. (2016) Marine regime shifts in ocean biogeochemical models: a case study in the Gulf of Alaska Full Text UEA Repository
Stawiarski, B., Buitenhuis, E. T., Le Quéré, C. (2016) The physiological response of picophytoplankton to temperature and its model representation Full Text UEA Repository
Lee, Y. J., Matrai, P. A., Friedrichs, M. A. M., Saba, V. S., Aumont, O., Babin, M., Buitenhuis, E. T., Chevallier, M., de Mora, L., Dessert, M., Dunne, J. P., Ellingsen, I., Feldman, D., Frouin, R., Gehlen, M., Gorgues, T., Ilyina, T., Jin, M., John, J. G., Lawrence, J., Manizza, M., Menkes, C. E., Perruche, C., Le Fouest, V., Popova, E., Romanou, A., Samuelsen, A., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Stock, C. A., Tjiputra, J., Bruno Tremblay, L., Ueyoshi, K., Vichi, M., Yool, A., Zhang, J. (2016) Net primary productivity estimates and environmental variables in the Arctic Ocean: An assessment of coupled physical-biogeochemical models Full Text UEA Repository
Brun, P., Vogt, M., Payne, M. R., Gruber, N., O’brien, C. J., Buitenhuis, E. T., Le Quéré, C., Leblanc, K., Luo, Y. (2015) Ecological niches of open ocean phytoplankton taxa: Niches of open ocean phytoplankton Full Text UEA Repository
Hauck, J., Völker, C., Wolf-gladrow, D., Laufkötter, C., Vogt, M., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Buitenhuis, E., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J., Gruber, N., Hashioka, T., John, J., Le Quéré, C., Lima, I. D., Nakano, H., Séférian, R., Totterdell, I. (2015) On the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and the role of the biological carbon pump in the 21st century: CO2 uptake in future Southern Ocean Full Text UEA Repository
Laufkötter, C., Vogt, M., Gruber, N., Aita-noguchi, M., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Buitenhuis, E., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J., Hashioka, T., Hauck, J., Hirata, T., John, J., Le Quéré, C., Lima, I. D., Nakano, H., Seferian, R., Totterdell, I., Vichi, M., Völker, C. (2015) Drivers and uncertainties of future global marine primary production in marine ecosystem models Full Text UEA Repository
Further publications
https://www.uea.ac.uk/environmental-sciences/people/profile/e-buitenhuis#publicationsTab
Other
2021
Wright, Rebecca M.; Quéré, Corinne Le; Buitenhuis, Erik; Pitois, Sophie; Gibbons, Mark J.
Role of jellyfish in the plankton ecosystem revealed using a global ocean biogeochemical model Journal Article
In: Biogeosciences, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1291–1320, 2021, ISSN: 1726-4189.
@article{d67852f3b41249e9a35f3c489ec59566,
title = {Role of jellyfish in the plankton ecosystem revealed using a global ocean biogeochemical model},
author = {Rebecca M. Wright and Corinne Le Quéré and Erik Buitenhuis and Sophie Pitois and Mark J. Gibbons},
doi = {10.5194/bg-18-1291-2021},
issn = {1726-4189},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-18},
journal = {Biogeosciences},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {1291–1320},
publisher = {European Geosciences Union},
abstract = {Jellyfish are increasingly recognised as important components of the marine ecosystem, yet their specific role is poorly defined compared to that of other zooplankton groups. This paper presents the first global ocean biogeochemical model that includes an explicit representation of jellyfish and uses the model to gain insight into the influence of jellyfish on the plankton community. The Plankton Type Ocean Model (PlankTOM11) model groups organisms into plankton functional types (PFTs). The jellyfish PFT is parameterised here based on our synthesis of observations on jellyfish growth, grazing, respiration and mortality rates as functions of temperature and jellyfish biomass. The distribution of jellyfish is unique compared to that of other PFTs in the model. The jellyfish global biomass of 0.13 PgC is within the observational range and comparable to the biomass of other zooplankton and phytoplankton PFTs. The introduction of jellyfish in the model has a large direct influence on the crustacean macrozooplankton PFT and influences indirectly the rest of the plankton ecosystem through trophic cascades. The zooplankton community in PlankTOM11 is highly sensitive to the jellyfish mortality rate, with jellyfish increasingly dominating the zooplankton community as its mortality diminishes. Overall, the results suggest that jellyfish play an important role in regulating global marine plankton ecosystems across plankton community structure, spatio-temporal dynamics and biomass, which is a role that has been generally neglected so far.},
keywords = {},
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Jellyfish are increasingly recognised as important components of the marine ecosystem, yet their specific role is poorly defined compared to that of other zooplankton groups. This paper presents the first global ocean biogeochemical model that includes an explicit representation of jellyfish and uses the model to gain insight into the influence of jellyfish on the plankton community. The Plankton Type Ocean Model (PlankTOM11) model groups organisms into plankton functional types (PFTs). The jellyfish PFT is parameterised here based on our synthesis of observations on jellyfish growth, grazing, respiration and mortality rates as functions of temperature and jellyfish biomass. The distribution of jellyfish is unique compared to that of other PFTs in the model. The jellyfish global biomass of 0.13 PgC is within the observational range and comparable to the biomass of other zooplankton and phytoplankton PFTs. The introduction of jellyfish in the model has a large direct influence on the crustacean macrozooplankton PFT and influences indirectly the rest of the plankton ecosystem through trophic cascades. The zooplankton community in PlankTOM11 is highly sensitive to the jellyfish mortality rate, with jellyfish increasingly dominating the zooplankton community as its mortality diminishes. Overall, the results suggest that jellyfish play an important role in regulating global marine plankton ecosystems across plankton community structure, spatio-temporal dynamics and biomass, which is a role that has been generally neglected so far.
2020
Tian, Hanquin; Xu, Rongting; Canadell, Josep G.; Thompson, Rona L.; Winiwarter, Wilfried; Suntharalingam, Parvadha; Davidson, Eric A.; Ciais, Philippe; Jackson, Robert B.; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Prather, Michael J.; Regnier, Pierre; Pan, Naiqing; Pan, Shufen; Peters, Glen P.; Shi, Hao; Tubiello, Francesco N.; Zaehle, Sönke; Zhou, Feng; Arneth, Almut; Battaglia, Gianna; Berthet, Sarah; Bopp, Laurent; Bouwman, Alexander F.; Buitenhuis, Erik; Chang, Jinfeng; Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Dangal, Shree R. S.; Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Elkins, James W.; Eyre, Bradley D.; Fu, Bojie; Hall, Bradley; Ito, Akihiko; Joos, Fortunat; Krummel, Paul B.; Landolfi, Angela; Laruelle, Goulven G.; Lauerwald, Ronny; Li, Wei; Lienert, Sebastian; Maavara, Taylor; MacLeod, Michael; Millet, Dylan B.; Olin, Stefan; Patra, Prabir K.; Prinn, Ronald G.; Raymond, Peter A.; Ruiz, Daniel J.; Werf, Guido R.; Vuichard, Nicolas; Wang, Junjie; Weiss, Ray F.; Wells, Kelley C.; Wilson, Chris; Yang, Jia; Yao, Yuanzhi
A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks Journal Article
In: Nature, vol. 586, no. 7828, pp. 248–256, 2020, ISSN: 0028-0836.
@article{c4ed5c9c94a14acfb6f24fe3d6bb7cb5,
title = {A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks},
author = {Hanquin Tian and Rongting Xu and Josep G. Canadell and Rona L. Thompson and Wilfried Winiwarter and Parvadha Suntharalingam and Eric A. Davidson and Philippe Ciais and Robert B. Jackson and Greet Janssens-Maenhout and Michael J. Prather and Pierre Regnier and Naiqing Pan and Shufen Pan and Glen P. Peters and Hao Shi and Francesco N. Tubiello and Sönke Zaehle and Feng Zhou and Almut Arneth and Gianna Battaglia and Sarah Berthet and Laurent Bopp and Alexander F. Bouwman and Erik Buitenhuis and Jinfeng Chang and Martyn P. Chipperfield and Shree R. S. Dangal and Edward J. Dlugokencky and James W. Elkins and Bradley D. Eyre and Bojie Fu and Bradley Hall and Akihiko Ito and Fortunat Joos and Paul B. Krummel and Angela Landolfi and Goulven G. Laruelle and Ronny Lauerwald and Wei Li and Sebastian Lienert and Taylor Maavara and Michael MacLeod and Dylan B. Millet and Stefan Olin and Prabir K. Patra and Ronald G. Prinn and Peter A. Raymond and Daniel J. Ruiz and Guido R. Werf and Nicolas Vuichard and Junjie Wang and Ray F. Weiss and Kelley C. Wells and Chris Wilson and Jia Yang and Yuanzhi Yao},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-2780-0},
issn = {0028-0836},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-08},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {586},
number = {7828},
pages = {248–256},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
abstract = {Nitrous oxide (N2O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N2O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion1 and climate change2, with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N2O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N2O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N2O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N2O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N2O emissions were 17.0 (minimum–maximum estimates: 12.2–23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9–17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2–11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N2O emissions in emerging economies—particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N2O–climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N2O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios3,4, underscoring the urgency to mitigate N2O emissions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nitrous oxide (N2O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N2O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion1 and climate change2, with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N2O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N2O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N2O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N2O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N2O emissions were 17.0 (minimum–maximum estimates: 12.2–23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9–17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2–11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N2O emissions in emerging economies—particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N2O–climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N2O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios3,4, underscoring the urgency to mitigate N2O emissions.
Hopkins, Frances E.; Suntharalingam, Parvadha; Gehlen, Marion; Andrews, Oliver; Archer, Stephen D.; Bopp, Laurent; Buitenhuis, Erik; Dadou, Isabelle; Duce, Robert; Goris, Nadine; Jickells, Tim; Johnson, Martin; Keng, Fiona; Law, Cliff S.; Lee, Kitack; Liss, Peter S.; Lizotte, Martine; Malin, Gillian; Murrell, J. Colin; Naik, Hema; Rees, Andrew P.; Schwinger, Jörg; Williamson, Phillip
The impacts of ocean acidification on marine trace gases and the implications for atmospheric chemistry and climate Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 476, no. 2237, 2020, ISSN: 1364-5021.
@article{3170358b45ac4a7483cd1a157a64088f,
title = {The impacts of ocean acidification on marine trace gases and the implications for atmospheric chemistry and climate},
author = {Frances E. Hopkins and Parvadha Suntharalingam and Marion Gehlen and Oliver Andrews and Stephen D. Archer and Laurent Bopp and Erik Buitenhuis and Isabelle Dadou and Robert Duce and Nadine Goris and Tim Jickells and Martin Johnson and Fiona Keng and Cliff S. Law and Kitack Lee and Peter S. Liss and Martine Lizotte and Gillian Malin and J. Colin Murrell and Hema Naik and Andrew P. Rees and Jörg Schwinger and Phillip Williamson},
doi = {10.1098/rspa.2019.0769},
issn = {1364-5021},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-27},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
volume = {476},
number = {2237},
publisher = {The Royal Society},
abstract = {Surface ocean biogeochemistry and photochemistry regulate ocean–atmosphere fluxes of trace gases critical for Earth’s atmospheric chemistry and climate. The oceanic processes governing these fluxes are often sensitive to the changes in ocean pH (or pCO2) accompanying ocean acidification (OA), with potential for future climate feedbacks. Here, we review current understanding (from observational, experimental and model studies) on the impact of OA on marine sources of key climate-active trace gases, including dimethyl sulfide (DMS), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia and halocarbons. We focus on DMS, for which available information is considerably greater than for other trace gases. We highlight OA-sensitive regions such as polar oceans and upwelling systems, and discuss the combined effect of multiple climate stressors (ocean warming and deoxygenation) on trace gas fluxes. To unravel the biological mechanisms responsible for trace gas production, and to detect adaptation, we propose combining process rate measurements of trace gases with longer term experiments using both model organisms in the laboratory and natural planktonic communities in the field. Future ocean observations of trace gases should be routinely accompanied by measurements of two components of the carbonate system to improve our understanding of how in situ carbonate chemistry influences trace gas production. Together, this will lead to improvements in current process model capabilities and more reliable predictions of future global marine trace gas fluxes.},
keywords = {},
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Surface ocean biogeochemistry and photochemistry regulate ocean–atmosphere fluxes of trace gases critical for Earth’s atmospheric chemistry and climate. The oceanic processes governing these fluxes are often sensitive to the changes in ocean pH (or pCO2) accompanying ocean acidification (OA), with potential for future climate feedbacks. Here, we review current understanding (from observational, experimental and model studies) on the impact of OA on marine sources of key climate-active trace gases, including dimethyl sulfide (DMS), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia and halocarbons. We focus on DMS, for which available information is considerably greater than for other trace gases. We highlight OA-sensitive regions such as polar oceans and upwelling systems, and discuss the combined effect of multiple climate stressors (ocean warming and deoxygenation) on trace gas fluxes. To unravel the biological mechanisms responsible for trace gas production, and to detect adaptation, we propose combining process rate measurements of trace gases with longer term experiments using both model organisms in the laboratory and natural planktonic communities in the field. Future ocean observations of trace gases should be routinely accompanied by measurements of two components of the carbonate system to improve our understanding of how in situ carbonate chemistry influences trace gas production. Together, this will lead to improvements in current process model capabilities and more reliable predictions of future global marine trace gas fluxes.
2019
Friedlingstein, Pierre; Jones, Matthew W.; O’Sullivan, Michael; Andrew, Robbie M.; Hauck, Judith; Peters, Glen P.; Peters, Wouter; Pongratz, Julia; Sitch, Stephen; Quéré, Corinne Le; Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Canadell, Josep G.; Ciais, Philippe; Jackson, Robert B.; Anthoni, Peter; Barbero, Leticia; Bastos, Ana; Bastrikov, Vladislav; Becker, Meike; Bopp, Laurent; Buitenhuis, Erik; Chandra, Naveen; Chevallier, Frédéric; Chini, Louise P.; Currie, Kim I.; Feely, Richard A.; Gehlen, Marion; Gilfillan, Dennis; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Goll, Daniel S.; Gruber, Nicolas; Gutekunst, Sören; Harris, Ian; Haverd, Vanessa; Houghton, Richard A.; Hurtt, George; Ilyina, Tatiana; Jain, Atul K.; Joetzjer, Emilie; Kaplan, Jed O.; Kato, Etsushi; Goldewijk, Kees Klein; Korsbakken, Jan Ivar; Landschützer, Peter; Lauvset, Siv K.; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Lenton, Andrew; Lienert, Sebastian; Lombardozzi, Danica; Marland, Gregg; Mcguire, Patrick C.; Melton, Joe R.; Metzl, Nicolas; Munro, David R.; Nabel, Julia E. M. S.; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; Neill, Craig; Omar, Abdirahman M.; Ono, Tsuneo; Peregon, Anna; Pierrot, Denis; Poulter, Benjamin; Rehder, Gregor; Resplandy, Laure; Robertson, Eddy; Rödenbeck, Christian; Séférian, Roland; Schwinger, Jörg; Smith, Naomi; Tans, Pieter P.; Tian, Hanqin; Tilbrook, Bronte; Tubiello, Francesco N.; Werf, Guido R. Van Der; Wiltshire, Andrew J.; Zaehle, Sönke
Global Carbon Budget 2019 Journal Article
In: Earth System Science Data, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1783–1838, 2019, ISSN: 1866-3508.
@article{ec48e02ebb8c4eedb970929d211e578a,
title = {Global Carbon Budget 2019},
author = {Pierre Friedlingstein and Matthew W. Jones and Michael O'Sullivan and Robbie M. Andrew and Judith Hauck and Glen P. Peters and Wouter Peters and Julia Pongratz and Stephen Sitch and Corinne Le Quéré and Dorothee C. E. Bakker and Josep G. Canadell and Philippe Ciais and Robert B. Jackson and Peter Anthoni and Leticia Barbero and Ana Bastos and Vladislav Bastrikov and Meike Becker and Laurent Bopp and Erik Buitenhuis and Naveen Chandra and Frédéric Chevallier and Louise P. Chini and Kim I. Currie and Richard A. Feely and Marion Gehlen and Dennis Gilfillan and Thanos Gkritzalis and Daniel S. Goll and Nicolas Gruber and Sören Gutekunst and Ian Harris and Vanessa Haverd and Richard A. Houghton and George Hurtt and Tatiana Ilyina and Atul K. Jain and Emilie Joetzjer and Jed O. Kaplan and Etsushi Kato and Kees Klein Goldewijk and Jan Ivar Korsbakken and Peter Landschützer and Siv K. Lauvset and Nathalie Lefèvre and Andrew Lenton and Sebastian Lienert and Danica Lombardozzi and Gregg Marland and Patrick C. Mcguire and Joe R. Melton and Nicolas Metzl and David R. Munro and Julia E. M. S. Nabel and Shin-ichiro Nakaoka and Craig Neill and Abdirahman M. Omar and Tsuneo Ono and Anna Peregon and Denis Pierrot and Benjamin Poulter and Gregor Rehder and Laure Resplandy and Eddy Robertson and Christian Rödenbeck and Roland Séférian and Jörg Schwinger and Naomi Smith and Pieter P. Tans and Hanqin Tian and Bronte Tilbrook and Francesco N. Tubiello and Guido R. Van Der Werf and Andrew J. Wiltshire and Sönke Zaehle},
doi = {10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019},
issn = {1866-3508},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-04},
journal = {Earth System Science Data},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {1783–1838},
publisher = {Copernicus Publications},
abstract = {Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its growth rate (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the last decade available (2009–2018), EFF was 9.5±0.5 GtC yr−1, ELUC 1.5±0.7 GtC yr−1, GATM 4.9±0.02 GtC yr−1 (2.3±0.01 ppm yr−1), SOCEAN 2.5±0.6 GtC yr−1, and SLAND 3.2±0.6 GtC yr−1, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.4 GtC yr−1 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For the year 2018 alone, the growth in EFF was about 2.1 % and fossil emissions increased to 10.0±0.5 GtC yr−1, reaching 10 GtC yr−1 for the first time in history, ELUC was 1.5±0.7 GtC yr−1, for total anthropogenic CO2 emissions of 11.5±0.9 GtC yr−1 (42.5±3.3 GtCO2). Also for 2018, GATM was 5.1±0.2 GtC yr−1 (2.4±0.1 ppm yr−1), SOCEAN was 2.6±0.6 GtC yr−1, and SLAND was 3.5±0.7 GtC yr−1, with a BIM of 0.3 GtC. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 407.38±0.1 ppm averaged over 2018. For 2019, preliminary data for the first 6–10 months indicate a reduced growth in EFF of +0.6 % (range of −0.2 % to 1.5 %) based on national emissions projections for China, the USA, the EU, and India and projections of gross domestic product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. Overall, the mean and trend in the five components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period 1959–2018, but discrepancies of up to 1 GtC yr−1 persist for the representation of semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. A detailed comparison among individual estimates and the introduction of a broad range of observations shows (1) no consensus in the mean and trend in land use change emissions over the last decade, (2) a persistent low agreement between the different methods on the magnitude of the land CO2 flux in the northern extra-tropics, and (3) an apparent underestimation of the CO2 variability by ocean models outside the tropics. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget and the progress in understanding of the global carbon cycle compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quéré et al., 2018a, b, 2016, 2015a, b, 2014, 2013). The data generated by this work are available at https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2019 (Friedlingstein et al., 2019)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its growth rate (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the last decade available (2009–2018), EFF was 9.5±0.5 GtC yr−1, ELUC 1.5±0.7 GtC yr−1, GATM 4.9±0.02 GtC yr−1 (2.3±0.01 ppm yr−1), SOCEAN 2.5±0.6 GtC yr−1, and SLAND 3.2±0.6 GtC yr−1, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.4 GtC yr−1 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For the year 2018 alone, the growth in EFF was about 2.1 % and fossil emissions increased to 10.0±0.5 GtC yr−1, reaching 10 GtC yr−1 for the first time in history, ELUC was 1.5±0.7 GtC yr−1, for total anthropogenic CO2 emissions of 11.5±0.9 GtC yr−1 (42.5±3.3 GtCO2). Also for 2018, GATM was 5.1±0.2 GtC yr−1 (2.4±0.1 ppm yr−1), SOCEAN was 2.6±0.6 GtC yr−1, and SLAND was 3.5±0.7 GtC yr−1, with a BIM of 0.3 GtC. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 407.38±0.1 ppm averaged over 2018. For 2019, preliminary data for the first 6–10 months indicate a reduced growth in EFF of +0.6 % (range of −0.2 % to 1.5 %) based on national emissions projections for China, the USA, the EU, and India and projections of gross domestic product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. Overall, the mean and trend in the five components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period 1959–2018, but discrepancies of up to 1 GtC yr−1 persist for the representation of semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. A detailed comparison among individual estimates and the introduction of a broad range of observations shows (1) no consensus in the mean and trend in land use change emissions over the last decade, (2) a persistent low agreement between the different methods on the magnitude of the land CO2 flux in the northern extra-tropics, and (3) an apparent underestimation of the CO2 variability by ocean models outside the tropics. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget and the progress in understanding of the global carbon cycle compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quéré et al., 2018a, b, 2016, 2015a, b, 2014, 2013). The data generated by this work are available at https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2019 (Friedlingstein et al., 2019)
Suntharalingam, Parvadha; Zamora, Lauren M.; Bange, Hermann W.; Bikkina, Srinivas; Buitenhuis, Erik; Kanakidou, Maria; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Landolfi, Angela; Resplandy, Laure; Sarin, Manmohan M.; Seitzinger, Sybil; Singh, Arvind
In: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol. 166, pp. 104–113, 2019, ISSN: 0967-0645.
@article{d646cb0f5b7d45f586edea2e9ef9fc22,
title = {Anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and impacts on oceanic N2O fluxes in the northern Indian Ocean: The need for an integrated observation and modelling approach},
author = {Parvadha Suntharalingam and Lauren M. Zamora and Hermann W. Bange and Srinivas Bikkina and Erik Buitenhuis and Maria Kanakidou and Jean-Francois Lamarque and Angela Landolfi and Laure Resplandy and Manmohan M. Sarin and Sybil Seitzinger and Arvind Singh},
doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.03.007},
issn = {0967-0645},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-08-01},
journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
volume = {166},
pages = {104–113},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Anthropogenically-derived nitrogen input to the northern Indian Ocean has increased significantly in recent decades, based on both observational and model-derived estimates This external nutrient source is supplied by atmospheric deposition and riverine fluxes, and has the potential to affect the vulnerable biogeochemical systems of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, influencing productivity and oceanic production of the greenhouse-gas nitrous-oxide (N2O). We summarize current estimates of this external nitrogen source to the northern Indian Ocean from observations and models, highlight implications for regional marine N2O emissions using model-based analyses, and make recommendations for measurement and model needs to improve current estimates and future predictions of this impact. Current observationally-derived estimates of deposition and riverine nitrogen inputs are limited by sparse measurements and uncertainties on accurate characterization of nitrogen species composition. Ocean model assessments of the impact of external nitrogen sources on regional marine N2O production in the northern Indian Ocean estimate potentially significant changes but also have large associated uncertainties. We recommend an integrated program of basin-wide measurements combined with high-resolution modeling and more detailed characterization of nitrogen-cycle process to address these uncertainties and improve current estimates and predictions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Anthropogenically-derived nitrogen input to the northern Indian Ocean has increased significantly in recent decades, based on both observational and model-derived estimates This external nutrient source is supplied by atmospheric deposition and riverine fluxes, and has the potential to affect the vulnerable biogeochemical systems of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, influencing productivity and oceanic production of the greenhouse-gas nitrous-oxide (N2O). We summarize current estimates of this external nitrogen source to the northern Indian Ocean from observations and models, highlight implications for regional marine N2O emissions using model-based analyses, and make recommendations for measurement and model needs to improve current estimates and future predictions of this impact. Current observationally-derived estimates of deposition and riverine nitrogen inputs are limited by sparse measurements and uncertainties on accurate characterization of nitrogen species composition. Ocean model assessments of the impact of external nitrogen sources on regional marine N2O production in the northern Indian Ocean estimate potentially significant changes but also have large associated uncertainties. We recommend an integrated program of basin-wide measurements combined with high-resolution modeling and more detailed characterization of nitrogen-cycle process to address these uncertainties and improve current estimates and predictions.
2018
Ji, Qixing; Buitenhuis, Erik; Suntharalingam, Parvadha; Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Ward, Bess B.
Global nitrous oxide production determined by oxygen sensitivity of nitrification and denitrification Journal Article
In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 1790–1802, 2018, ISSN: 0886-6236.
@article{c8a1dc4116374036b680aa72ad78ee6c,
title = {Global nitrous oxide production determined by oxygen sensitivity of nitrification and denitrification},
author = {Qixing Ji and Erik Buitenhuis and Parvadha Suntharalingam and Jorge L. Sarmiento and Bess B. Ward},
doi = {10.1029/2018GB005887},
issn = {0886-6236},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-01},
journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
volume = {32},
number = {12},
pages = {1790–1802},
publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
abstract = {The ocean is estimated to contribute up to ~20% of global fluxes of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), an important greenhouse gas and ozone depletion agent. Marine oxygen minimum zones contribute disproportionately to this flux. To further understand the partition of nitrification and denitrification and their environmental controls on marine N2O fluxes, we report new relationships between oxygen concentration and rates of N2O production from nitrification and denitrification directly measured with 15N tracers in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Highest N2O production rates occurred near the oxic‐anoxic interface, where there is strong potential for N2O efflux to the atmosphere. The dominant N2O source in oxygen minimum zones was nitrate reduction, the rates of which were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of ammonium oxidation. The presence of oxygen significantly inhibited the production of N2O from both nitrification and denitrification. These experimental data provide new constraints to a multicomponent global ocean biogeochemical model, which yielded annual oceanic N2O efflux of 1.7–4.4 Tg‐N (median 2.8 Tg‐N, 1 Tg = 1012 g), with denitrification contributing 20% to the oceanic flux. Thus, denitrification should be viewed as a net N2O production pathway in the marine environment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The ocean is estimated to contribute up to ~20% of global fluxes of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), an important greenhouse gas and ozone depletion agent. Marine oxygen minimum zones contribute disproportionately to this flux. To further understand the partition of nitrification and denitrification and their environmental controls on marine N2O fluxes, we report new relationships between oxygen concentration and rates of N2O production from nitrification and denitrification directly measured with 15N tracers in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Highest N2O production rates occurred near the oxic‐anoxic interface, where there is strong potential for N2O efflux to the atmosphere. The dominant N2O source in oxygen minimum zones was nitrate reduction, the rates of which were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of ammonium oxidation. The presence of oxygen significantly inhibited the production of N2O from both nitrification and denitrification. These experimental data provide new constraints to a multicomponent global ocean biogeochemical model, which yielded annual oceanic N2O efflux of 1.7–4.4 Tg‐N (median 2.8 Tg‐N, 1 Tg = 1012 g), with denitrification contributing 20% to the oceanic flux. Thus, denitrification should be viewed as a net N2O production pathway in the marine environment.
Stawiarski, Beate; Buitenhuis, Erik; Fallens, Mehera
The physiological response of seven strains of picophytoplankton to light, and its representation in a dynamic photosynthesis model Journal Article
In: Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 63, no. S1, pp. S367–S380, 2018, ISSN: 0024-3590.
@article{58c8007f75a94e92bcc40058e51363b5,
title = {The physiological response of seven strains of picophytoplankton to light, and its representation in a dynamic photosynthesis model},
author = {Beate Stawiarski and Erik Buitenhuis and Mehera Fallens},
doi = {10.1002/lno.10745},
issn = {0024-3590},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-01},
journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
volume = {63},
number = {S1},
pages = {S367–S380},
publisher = {American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Inc.},
abstract = {Picophytoplankton dominate the phytoplankton community in wide ocean areas and are considered efficient in the acquisition of light compared to other phytoplankton groups. To quantify their photophysiological parameters we use 3 strains of picoprokaryotes and 4 strains of picoeukaryotes. We measure the acclimated response of the exponential growth rates and chlorophyll a to carbon ratios, as well as the instantaneous response of photosynthesis rates at 5-7 light intensities. We then use a dynamic photosynthesis model (Geider, MacIntyre, and Kana 1997) and extend it with a photoinhibition term. We derive five photophysiological parameters: the maximum rate of photosynthesis (PCm), the affinity to light (αchl), the photoinhibition term (βchl), the respiration rate (resp), and the maximum chlorophyll a to carbon ratio (θmax). We show that PCm is significantly lower for picoprokaryotes than for picoeukaryotes and increases significantly with increasing cell size. In turn, αchl decreases significantly with increasing maximum growth rate (µmax). The latter finding is contrary to a previously reported relationship for phytoplankton, but agrees with theoretical assumptions based on size. The higher efficiency in light acquisition gives picoprokaryotes an advantage in light limited environments at the expense of their maximum growth rate. In addition, our results indicate that the accumulation of long-term damage through photoinhibition during acclimation is not well represented by the dynamic photosynthesis model. Hence, we would recommend to distinguish between the effects of irreversible damage (on a time scale of days) on growth rates and of reversible damage (on a time scale of minutes) on photosynthesis rates.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Picophytoplankton dominate the phytoplankton community in wide ocean areas and are considered efficient in the acquisition of light compared to other phytoplankton groups. To quantify their photophysiological parameters we use 3 strains of picoprokaryotes and 4 strains of picoeukaryotes. We measure the acclimated response of the exponential growth rates and chlorophyll a to carbon ratios, as well as the instantaneous response of photosynthesis rates at 5-7 light intensities. We then use a dynamic photosynthesis model (Geider, MacIntyre, and Kana 1997) and extend it with a photoinhibition term. We derive five photophysiological parameters: the maximum rate of photosynthesis (PCm), the affinity to light (αchl), the photoinhibition term (βchl), the respiration rate (resp), and the maximum chlorophyll a to carbon ratio (θmax). We show that PCm is significantly lower for picoprokaryotes than for picoeukaryotes and increases significantly with increasing cell size. In turn, αchl decreases significantly with increasing maximum growth rate (µmax). The latter finding is contrary to a previously reported relationship for phytoplankton, but agrees with theoretical assumptions based on size. The higher efficiency in light acquisition gives picoprokaryotes an advantage in light limited environments at the expense of their maximum growth rate. In addition, our results indicate that the accumulation of long-term damage through photoinhibition during acclimation is not well represented by the dynamic photosynthesis model. Hence, we would recommend to distinguish between the effects of irreversible damage (on a time scale of days) on growth rates and of reversible damage (on a time scale of minutes) on photosynthesis rates.
Buitenhuis, ET; Suntharalingam, P; Quéré, C Le
Constraints on global oceanic emissions of N2O from observations and models Journal Article
In: Biogeosciences, vol. 15, pp. 2161-2175, 2018.
@article{2023,
title = {Constraints on global oceanic emissions of N2O from observations and models},
author = {ET Buitenhuis and P Suntharalingam and C Le Quéré},
url = {https://www.biogeosciences.net/15/2161/2018/},
doi = {10.5194/bg-15-2161-2018},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Biogeosciences},
volume = {15},
pages = {2161-2175},
chapter = {2161},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2017
Andrews, Oliver; Buitenhuis, Erik; Quéré, Corinne Le; Suntharalingam, Parvadha
Biogeochemical modelling of dissolved oxygen in a changing ocean Journal Article
In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 375, no. 2102, 2017, ISSN: 1364-503X.
@article{96cac32365294374b9b8db85f202529f,
title = {Biogeochemical modelling of dissolved oxygen in a changing ocean},
author = {Oliver Andrews and Erik Buitenhuis and Corinne Le Quéré and Parvadha Suntharalingam},
doi = {10.1098/rsta.2016.0328},
issn = {1364-503X},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-09-13},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
volume = {375},
number = {2102},
publisher = {The Royal Society},
abstract = {Secular decreases in dissolved oxygen concentration have been observed within the tropical oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) and at mid- to high latitudes over the last approximately 50 years. Earth system model projections indicate that a reduction in the oxygen inventory of the global ocean, termed ocean deoxygenation, is a likely consequence of on-going anthropogenic warming. Current models are, however, unable to consistently reproduce the observed trends and variability of recent decades, particularly within the established tropical OMZs. Here, we conduct a series of targeted hindcast model simulations using a state-of-the-art global ocean biogeochemistry model in order to explore and review biases in model distributions of oceanic oxygen. We show that the largest magnitude of uncertainty is entrained into ocean oxygen response patterns due to model parametrization of pCO2-sensitive C : N ratios in carbon fixation and imposed atmospheric forcing data. Inclusion of a pCO2-sensitive C : N ratio drives historical oxygen depletion within the ocean interior due to increased organic carbon export and subsequent remineralization. Atmospheric forcing is shown to influence simulated interannual variability in ocean oxygen, particularly due to differences in imposed variability of wind stress and heat fluxes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Secular decreases in dissolved oxygen concentration have been observed within the tropical oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) and at mid- to high latitudes over the last approximately 50 years. Earth system model projections indicate that a reduction in the oxygen inventory of the global ocean, termed ocean deoxygenation, is a likely consequence of on-going anthropogenic warming. Current models are, however, unable to consistently reproduce the observed trends and variability of recent decades, particularly within the established tropical OMZs. Here, we conduct a series of targeted hindcast model simulations using a state-of-the-art global ocean biogeochemistry model in order to explore and review biases in model distributions of oceanic oxygen. We show that the largest magnitude of uncertainty is entrained into ocean oxygen response patterns due to model parametrization of pCO2-sensitive C : N ratios in carbon fixation and imposed atmospheric forcing data. Inclusion of a pCO2-sensitive C : N ratio drives historical oxygen depletion within the ocean interior due to increased organic carbon export and subsequent remineralization. Atmospheric forcing is shown to influence simulated interannual variability in ocean oxygen, particularly due to differences in imposed variability of wind stress and heat fluxes.
Manno, Clara; Bednaršek, Nina; Tarling, Geraint A.; Peck, Vicky L.; Comeau, Steeve; Adhikari, Deepak; Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Bauerfeind, Eduard; Bergan, Alexander J.; Berning, Maria I.; Buitenhuis, Erik; Burridge, Alice K.; Chierici, Melissa; Flöter, Sebastian; Fransson, Agneta; Gardner, Jessie; Howes, Ella L.; Keul, Nina; Kimoto, Katsunori; Kohnert, Peter; Lawson, Gareth L.; Lischka, Silke; Maas, Amy; Mekkes, Lisette; Oakes, Rosie L.; Pebody, Corinne; Peijnenburg, Katja T. C. A.; Seifert, Miriam; Skinner, Jennifer; Thibodeau, Patricia S.; Wall-Palmer, Deborah; Ziveri, Patrizia
Shelled pteropods in peril: Assessing vulnerability in a high CO2 ocean Journal Article
In: Earth-Science Reviews, vol. 169, pp. 132–145, 2017, ISSN: 0012-8252.
@article{753ba94bd4de4f22a900388c171d51c5,
title = {Shelled pteropods in peril: Assessing vulnerability in a high CO2 ocean},
author = {Clara Manno and Nina Bednaršek and Geraint A. Tarling and Vicky L. Peck and Steeve Comeau and Deepak Adhikari and Dorothee C. E. Bakker and Eduard Bauerfeind and Alexander J. Bergan and Maria I. Berning and Erik Buitenhuis and Alice K. Burridge and Melissa Chierici and Sebastian Flöter and Agneta Fransson and Jessie Gardner and Ella L. Howes and Nina Keul and Katsunori Kimoto and Peter Kohnert and Gareth L. Lawson and Silke Lischka and Amy Maas and Lisette Mekkes and Rosie L. Oakes and Corinne Pebody and Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg and Miriam Seifert and Jennifer Skinner and Patricia S. Thibodeau and Deborah Wall-Palmer and Patrizia Ziveri},
doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.04.005},
issn = {0012-8252},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-06-01},
journal = {Earth-Science Reviews},
volume = {169},
pages = {132–145},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The impact of anthropogenic ocean acidification (OA) on marine ecosystems is a vital concern facing marine scientists and managers of ocean resources. Euthecosomatous pteropods (holoplanktonic gastropods) represent an excellent sentinel for indicating exposure to anthropogenic OA because of the sensitivity of their aragonite shells to the OA conditions less favorable for calcification. However, an integration of observations, experiments and modelling efforts is needed to make accurate predictions of how these organisms will respond to future changes to their environment. Our understanding of the underlying organismal biology and life history is far from complete and must be improved if we are to comprehend fully the responses of these organisms to the multitude of stressors in their environment beyond OA. This review considers the present state of research and understanding of euthecosomatous pteropod biology and ecology of these organisms and considers promising new laboratory methods, advances in instrumentation (such as molecular, trace elements, stable isotopes, palaeobiology alongside autonomous sampling platforms, CT scanning and high-quality video recording) and novel field-based approaches (i.e. studies of upwelling and CO2 vent regions) that may allow us to improve our predictive capacity of their vulnerability and/or resilience. In addition to playing a critical ecological and biogeochemical role, pteropods can offer a significant value as an early-indicator of anthropogenic OA. This role as a sentinel species should be developed further to consolidate their potential use within marine environmental management policy making.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The impact of anthropogenic ocean acidification (OA) on marine ecosystems is a vital concern facing marine scientists and managers of ocean resources. Euthecosomatous pteropods (holoplanktonic gastropods) represent an excellent sentinel for indicating exposure to anthropogenic OA because of the sensitivity of their aragonite shells to the OA conditions less favorable for calcification. However, an integration of observations, experiments and modelling efforts is needed to make accurate predictions of how these organisms will respond to future changes to their environment. Our understanding of the underlying organismal biology and life history is far from complete and must be improved if we are to comprehend fully the responses of these organisms to the multitude of stressors in their environment beyond OA. This review considers the present state of research and understanding of euthecosomatous pteropod biology and ecology of these organisms and considers promising new laboratory methods, advances in instrumentation (such as molecular, trace elements, stable isotopes, palaeobiology alongside autonomous sampling platforms, CT scanning and high-quality video recording) and novel field-based approaches (i.e. studies of upwelling and CO2 vent regions) that may allow us to improve our predictive capacity of their vulnerability and/or resilience. In addition to playing a critical ecological and biogeochemical role, pteropods can offer a significant value as an early-indicator of anthropogenic OA. This role as a sentinel species should be developed further to consolidate their potential use within marine environmental management policy making.
2016
Quéré, C Le; Buitenhuis, ET; Moriarty, R; Alvain, S; Aumont, O; Bopp, L; Chollet, S; Enright, C; Franklin, D J; Geider, R; Harrison, SP; Hirst, A; Larsen, S; Legendre, L; Platt, T; Prentice, IC; Rivkin, R; Sailley, S; Sathyendranath, S; Stephens, N; Vogt, M; Vallina, S
Role of zooplankton dynamics for Southern Ocean phytoplankton biomass and global biogeochemical cycles Journal Article
In: Biogeosciences, vol. 13, pp. 4111-4133, 2016.
@article{1550,
title = {Role of zooplankton dynamics for Southern Ocean phytoplankton biomass and global biogeochemical cycles},
author = {C Le Quéré and ET Buitenhuis and R Moriarty and S Alvain and O Aumont and L Bopp and S Chollet and C Enright and D J Franklin and R Geider and SP Harrison and A Hirst and S Larsen and L Legendre and T Platt and IC Prentice and R Rivkin and S Sailley and S Sathyendranath and N Stephens and M Vogt and S Vallina},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978986520&doi=10.5194%2fbg-13-4111-2016&partnerID=40&md5=f20d4bc10593bed769f10cfe7aa85227},
doi = {10.5194/bg-13-4111-2016},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Biogeosciences},
volume = {13},
pages = {4111-4133},
chapter = {4111},
abstract = {<p>Global ocean biogeochemistry models currently employed in climate change projections use highly simplified representations of pelagic food webs. These food webs do not necessarily include critical pathways by which ecosystems interact with ocean biogeochemistry and climate. Here we present a global biogeochemical model which incorporates ecosystem dynamics based on the representation of ten plankton functional types (PFTs): six types of phytoplankton, three types of zooplankton, and heterotrophic procaryotes. We improved the representation of zooplankton dynamics in our model through (a) the explicit inclusion of large, slow-growing macrozooplankton (e.g. krill), and (b) the introduction of trophic cascades among the three zooplankton types. We use the model to quantitatively assess the relative roles of iron vs. grazing in determining phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC) region during summer. When model simulations do not include macrozooplankton grazing explicitly, they systematically overestimate Southern Ocean chlorophyll biomass during the summer, even when there is no iron deposition from dust. When model simulations include a slow-growing macrozooplankton and trophic cascades among three zooplankton types, the high-chlorophyll summer bias in the Southern Ocean HNLC region largely disappears. Our model results suggest that the observed low phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean during summer is primarily explained by the dynamics of the Southern Ocean zooplankton community, despite iron limitation of phytoplankton community growth rates. This result has implications for the representation of global biogeochemical cycles in models as zooplankton faecal pellets sink rapidly and partly control the carbon export to the intermediate and deep ocean. textcopyright Author(s) 2016.</p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
<p>Global ocean biogeochemistry models currently employed in climate change projections use highly simplified representations of pelagic food webs. These food webs do not necessarily include critical pathways by which ecosystems interact with ocean biogeochemistry and climate. Here we present a global biogeochemical model which incorporates ecosystem dynamics based on the representation of ten plankton functional types (PFTs): six types of phytoplankton, three types of zooplankton, and heterotrophic procaryotes. We improved the representation of zooplankton dynamics in our model through (a) the explicit inclusion of large, slow-growing macrozooplankton (e.g. krill), and (b) the introduction of trophic cascades among the three zooplankton types. We use the model to quantitatively assess the relative roles of iron vs. grazing in determining phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC) region during summer. When model simulations do not include macrozooplankton grazing explicitly, they systematically overestimate Southern Ocean chlorophyll biomass during the summer, even when there is no iron deposition from dust. When model simulations include a slow-growing macrozooplankton and trophic cascades among three zooplankton types, the high-chlorophyll summer bias in the Southern Ocean HNLC region largely disappears. Our model results suggest that the observed low phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean during summer is primarily explained by the dynamics of the Southern Ocean zooplankton community, despite iron limitation of phytoplankton community growth rates. This result has implications for the representation of global biogeochemical cycles in models as zooplankton faecal pellets sink rapidly and partly control the carbon export to the intermediate and deep ocean. textcopyright Author(s) 2016.</p>
Beaulieu, Claudie; Cole, Harriet; Henson, Stephanie; Yool, Andrew; Anderson, Tom; de Mora, Lee; Buitenhuis, Erik T; Butenschon, Momme; Totterdell, Ian J; Allen, Icarus J
Marine regime shifts in ocean biogeochemical models: a case study in the Gulf of Alaska Journal Article
In: 2016.
@article{1713,
title = {Marine regime shifts in ocean biogeochemical models: a case study in the Gulf of Alaska},
author = {Claudie Beaulieu and Harriet Cole and Stephanie Henson and Andrew Yool and Tom Anderson and Lee de Mora and Erik T Buitenhuis and Momme Butenschon and Ian J Totterdell and Icarus J Allen},
doi = {DOI: 10.5194/bg-13-4533-2016},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2015
Laufkotter, C; Vogt, M; Gruber, N; Aita-Noguchi, M; Aumont, O; Bopp, L; Buitenhuis, ET; Doney, SC; Dunne, J; Hashioka, T; Hauck, J; Hirata, T; John, J; Quéré, C Le; Lima, I; Nakano, H; Seferian, R; Totterdell, I J; Vichi, M; Volker, C
Drivers and uncertainties of future global marine primary production in marine ecosystem models Journal Article
In: Biogeosciences, vol. 12, pp. 6955-6984, 2015.
@article{1543,
title = {Drivers and uncertainties of future global marine primary production in marine ecosystem models},
author = {C Laufkotter and M Vogt and N Gruber and M Aita-Noguchi and O Aumont and L Bopp and ET Buitenhuis and SC Doney and J Dunne and T Hashioka and J Hauck and T Hirata and J John and C Le Quéré and I Lima and H Nakano and R Seferian and I J Totterdell and M Vichi and C Volker},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949212218&doi=10.5194%2fbg-12-6955-2015&partnerID=40&md5=cd846c1438a2ec67f1d737b7906a45c2},
doi = {10.5194/bg-12-6955-2015},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Biogeosciences},
volume = {12},
pages = {6955-6984},
chapter = {6955},
abstract = {<p>Past model studies have projected a global decrease in marine net primary production (NPP) over the 21st century, but these studies focused on the multi-model mean rather than on the large inter-model differences. Here, we analyze model-simulated changes in NPP for the 21st century under IPCCtextquoterights high-emission scenario RCP8.5. We use a suite of nine coupled carbon-climate Earth system models with embedded marine ecosystem models and focus on the spread between the different models and the underlying reasons. Globally, NPP decreases in five out of the nine models over the course of the 21st century, while three show no significant trend and one even simulates an increase. The largest model spread occurs in the low latitudes (between 30textdegree S and 30textdegree N), with individual models simulating relative changes between-25 and +40 %. Of the seven models diagnosing a net decrease in NPP in the low latitudes, only three simulate this to be a consequence of the classical interpretation, i.e., a stronger nutrient limitation due to increased stratification leading to reduced phytoplankton growth. In the other four, warming-induced increases in phytoplankton growth outbalance the stronger nutrient limitation. However, temperature-driven increases in grazing and other loss processes cause a net decrease in phytoplankton biomass and reduce NPP despite higher growth rates. One model projects a strong increase in NPP in the low latitudes, caused by an intensification of the microbial loop, while NPP in the remaining model changes by less than 0.5 %. While models consistently project increases NPP in the Southern Ocean, the regional inter-model range is also very substantial. In most models, this increase in NPP is driven by temperature, but it is also modulated by changes in light, macronutrients and iron as well as grazing. Overall, current projections of future changes in global marine NPP are subject to large uncertainties and necessitate a dedicated and sustained effort to improve the models and the concepts and data that guide their development. textcopyright 2015 Author(s).</p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
<p>Past model studies have projected a global decrease in marine net primary production (NPP) over the 21st century, but these studies focused on the multi-model mean rather than on the large inter-model differences. Here, we analyze model-simulated changes in NPP for the 21st century under IPCCtextquoterights high-emission scenario RCP8.5. We use a suite of nine coupled carbon-climate Earth system models with embedded marine ecosystem models and focus on the spread between the different models and the underlying reasons. Globally, NPP decreases in five out of the nine models over the course of the 21st century, while three show no significant trend and one even simulates an increase. The largest model spread occurs in the low latitudes (between 30textdegree S and 30textdegree N), with individual models simulating relative changes between-25 and +40 %. Of the seven models diagnosing a net decrease in NPP in the low latitudes, only three simulate this to be a consequence of the classical interpretation, i.e., a stronger nutrient limitation due to increased stratification leading to reduced phytoplankton growth. In the other four, warming-induced increases in phytoplankton growth outbalance the stronger nutrient limitation. However, temperature-driven increases in grazing and other loss processes cause a net decrease in phytoplankton biomass and reduce NPP despite higher growth rates. One model projects a strong increase in NPP in the low latitudes, caused by an intensification of the microbial loop, while NPP in the remaining model changes by less than 0.5 %. While models consistently project increases NPP in the Southern Ocean, the regional inter-model range is also very substantial. In most models, this increase in NPP is driven by temperature, but it is also modulated by changes in light, macronutrients and iron as well as grazing. Overall, current projections of future changes in global marine NPP are subject to large uncertainties and necessitate a dedicated and sustained effort to improve the models and the concepts and data that guide their development. textcopyright 2015 Author(s).</p>
Brun, P; Vogt, M; Payne, M R; Gruber, N; OtextquoterightBrien, C J; Buitenhuis, ET; Quéré, C Le; Leblanc, K; Luo, Y W
Ecological niches of open ocean phytoplankton taxa Journal Article
In: Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 60, pp. 1020-1038, 2015.
@article{1540,
title = {Ecological niches of open ocean phytoplankton taxa},
author = {P Brun and M Vogt and M R Payne and N Gruber and C J O{textquoteright}Brien and ET Buitenhuis and C Le Quéré and K Leblanc and Y W Luo},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942891781&doi=10.1002%2flno.10074&partnerID=40&md5=f4413de72c55c32e4fa39e851231ed00},
doi = {10.1002/lno.10074},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
volume = {60},
pages = {1020-1038},
chapter = {1020},
abstract = {<p>We characterize the realized ecological niches of 133 phytoplankton taxa in the open ocean based on observations from the MAREDAT initiative and a statistical species distribution model (MaxEnt). The models find that the physical conditions (mixed layer depth, temperature, light) govern large-scale patterns in phytoplankton biogeography over nutrient availability. Strongest differences in the realized niche centers were found between diatoms and coccolithophores. Diatoms (87 species) occur in habitats with significantly lower temperatures, light intensity and salinity, with deeper mixed layers, and with higher nitrate and silicate concentrations than coccolithophores (40 species). However, we could not statistically separate the realized niches of coccolithophores from those of diazotrophs (two genera) and picophytoplankton (two genera). Phaeocystis (two species) niches only clearly differed from diatom niches for temperature. While the realized niches of diatoms cover the majority of niche space, the niches of picophytoplankton and coccolithophores spread across an intermediate fraction and diazotroph and colonial Phaeocystis niches only occur within a relatively confined range of environmental conditions in the open ocean. Our estimates of the realized niches roughly match the predictions of Reynoldstextquoteright C-S-R model for the global ocean, namely that taxa classified as nutrient stress tolerant have niches at lower nutrient and higher irradiance conditions than light stress tolerant taxa. Yet, there is considerable within-class variability in niche centers, and many taxa occupy broad niches, suggesting that more complex approaches may be necessary to capture all aspects of phytoplankton ecology. textcopyright 2015 Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography.</p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
<p>We characterize the realized ecological niches of 133 phytoplankton taxa in the open ocean based on observations from the MAREDAT initiative and a statistical species distribution model (MaxEnt). The models find that the physical conditions (mixed layer depth, temperature, light) govern large-scale patterns in phytoplankton biogeography over nutrient availability. Strongest differences in the realized niche centers were found between diatoms and coccolithophores. Diatoms (87 species) occur in habitats with significantly lower temperatures, light intensity and salinity, with deeper mixed layers, and with higher nitrate and silicate concentrations than coccolithophores (40 species). However, we could not statistically separate the realized niches of coccolithophores from those of diazotrophs (two genera) and picophytoplankton (two genera). Phaeocystis (two species) niches only clearly differed from diatom niches for temperature. While the realized niches of diatoms cover the majority of niche space, the niches of picophytoplankton and coccolithophores spread across an intermediate fraction and diazotroph and colonial Phaeocystis niches only occur within a relatively confined range of environmental conditions in the open ocean. Our estimates of the realized niches roughly match the predictions of Reynoldstextquoteright C-S-R model for the global ocean, namely that taxa classified as nutrient stress tolerant have niches at lower nutrient and higher irradiance conditions than light stress tolerant taxa. Yet, there is considerable within-class variability in niche centers, and many taxa occupy broad niches, suggesting that more complex approaches may be necessary to capture all aspects of phytoplankton ecology. textcopyright 2015 Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography.</p>
2014
Kwiatkowski, L; Yool, A; Allen, JI; Anderson, TR; Baricela, R; Buitenhuis, ET; Butenschön, M; Enright, C; Halloran, PR; Quéré, C Le; Mora, L De; Racault, M-F; Sinha, B; Totterdell, I J; Cox, P M
IMarNet: An ocean biogeochemistry model intercomparison project within a common physical ocean modelling framework Journal Article
In: Biogeosciences, vol. 11, pp. 7291-7304, 2014.
@article{1536,
title = {IMarNet: An ocean biogeochemistry model intercomparison project within a common physical ocean modelling framework},
author = {L Kwiatkowski and A Yool and JI Allen and TR Anderson and R Baricela and ET Buitenhuis and M Butenschön and C Enright and PR Halloran and C Le Quéré and L De Mora and M-F Racault and B Sinha and I J Totterdell and P M Cox},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919784843&doi=10.5194%2fbg-11-7291-2014&partnerID=40&md5=fd1a323ca08a5155ad6d76bc3640506e},
doi = {10.5194/bg-11-7291-2014},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Biogeosciences},
volume = {11},
pages = {7291-7304},
chapter = {7291},
abstract = {<p>Ocean biogeochemistry (OBGC) models span a wide variety of complexities, including highly simplified nutrient-restoring schemes, nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton-detritus (NPZD) models that crudely represent the marine biota, models that represent a broader trophic structure by grouping organisms as plankton functional types (PFTs) based on their biogeochemical role (dynamic green ocean models) and ecosystem models that group organisms by ecological function and trait. OBGC models are now integral components of Earth system models (ESMs), but they compete for computing resources with higher resolution dynamical setups and with other components such as atmospheric chemistry and terrestrial vegetation schemes. As such, the choice of OBGC in ESMs needs to balance model complexity and realism alongside relative computing cost. Here we present an intercomparison of six OBGC models that were candidates for implementation within the next UK Earth system model (UKESM1). The models cover a large range of biological complexity (from 7 to 57 tracers) but all include representations of at least the nitrogen, carbon, alkalinity and oxygen cycles. Each OBGC model was coupled to the ocean general circulation model Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) and results from physically identical hindcast simulations were compared. Model skill was evaluated for biogeochemical metrics of global-scale bulk properties using conventional statistical techniques. The computing cost of each model was also measured in standardised tests run at two resource levels. No model is shown to consistently outperform all other models across all metrics. Nonetheless, the simpler models are broadly closer to observations across a number of fields and thus offer a high-efficiency option for ESMs that prioritise high-resolution climate dynamics. However, simpler models provide limited insight into more complex marine biogeochemical processes and ecosystem pathways, and a parallel approach of low-resolution climate dynamics and high-complexity biogeochemistry is desirable in order to provide additional insights into biogeochemistry-climate interactions.</p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
<p>Ocean biogeochemistry (OBGC) models span a wide variety of complexities, including highly simplified nutrient-restoring schemes, nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton-detritus (NPZD) models that crudely represent the marine biota, models that represent a broader trophic structure by grouping organisms as plankton functional types (PFTs) based on their biogeochemical role (dynamic green ocean models) and ecosystem models that group organisms by ecological function and trait. OBGC models are now integral components of Earth system models (ESMs), but they compete for computing resources with higher resolution dynamical setups and with other components such as atmospheric chemistry and terrestrial vegetation schemes. As such, the choice of OBGC in ESMs needs to balance model complexity and realism alongside relative computing cost. Here we present an intercomparison of six OBGC models that were candidates for implementation within the next UK Earth system model (UKESM1). The models cover a large range of biological complexity (from 7 to 57 tracers) but all include representations of at least the nitrogen, carbon, alkalinity and oxygen cycles. Each OBGC model was coupled to the ocean general circulation model Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) and results from physically identical hindcast simulations were compared. Model skill was evaluated for biogeochemical metrics of global-scale bulk properties using conventional statistical techniques. The computing cost of each model was also measured in standardised tests run at two resource levels. No model is shown to consistently outperform all other models across all metrics. Nonetheless, the simpler models are broadly closer to observations across a number of fields and thus offer a high-efficiency option for ESMs that prioritise high-resolution climate dynamics. However, simpler models provide limited insight into more complex marine biogeochemical processes and ecosystem pathways, and a parallel approach of low-resolution climate dynamics and high-complexity biogeochemistry is desirable in order to provide additional insights into biogeochemistry-climate interactions.</p>
2013
Cunha, L. C.; Buitenhuis, Erik
Riverine influence on the tropical atlantic ocean biogeochemistry Journal Article
In: Biogeosciences, vol. 10, pp. 6357–6373, 2013, ISSN: 1726-4189, (© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.).
@article{42ed1477e6944773be79aeb16741a886,
title = {Riverine influence on the tropical atlantic ocean biogeochemistry},
author = {L. C. Cunha and Erik Buitenhuis},
doi = {10.5194/bg-10-6357-2013},
issn = {1726-4189},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-10-09},
journal = {Biogeosciences},
volume = {10},
pages = {6357–6373},
publisher = {European Geosciences Union},
note = {© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2012
Suntharalingam, Parvadha; Buitenhuis, Erik; Quéré, Corinne Le; Dentener, Frank; Nevison, Cynthia; Butler, James H.; Bange, Hermann W.; Forster, Grant
Quantifying the Impact of Anthropogenic Nitrogen Deposition on Oceanic Nitrous Oxide Journal Article
In: Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 39, no. 7, 2012, ISSN: 0094-8276.
@article{8c7638ee8d26446fb30fdbf4a5491403,
title = {Quantifying the Impact of Anthropogenic Nitrogen Deposition on Oceanic Nitrous Oxide},
author = {Parvadha Suntharalingam and Erik Buitenhuis and Corinne Le Quéré and Frank Dentener and Cynthia Nevison and James H. Butler and Hermann W. Bange and Grant Forster},
doi = {10.1029/2011GL050778},
issn = {0094-8276},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-04-01},
journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
volume = {39},
number = {7},
publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Racault, Marie-Fanny; Quere, Corinne Le; Buitenhuis, Erik; Sathyendranath, Shubha; Platt, Trevor
Phytoplankton phenology in the global ocean Journal Article
In: Ecological Indicators, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 152–163, 2012, ISSN: 1470-160X.
@article{4fea117d69e345bdb6094ddf70bab6b4,
title = {Phytoplankton phenology in the global ocean},
author = {Marie-Fanny Racault and Corinne Le Quere and Erik Buitenhuis and Shubha Sathyendranath and Trevor Platt},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.07.010},
issn = {1470-160X},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-03-01},
journal = {Ecological Indicators},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {152–163},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Racault, M-F; Quéré, C Le; Buitenhuis, ET; Sathyendranath, S; Platt, T
Phytoplankton phenology in the global ocean Journal Article
In: Ecological Indicators, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 152–163, 2012.
@article{1169,
title = {Phytoplankton phenology in the global ocean},
author = {M-F Racault and C Le Quéré and ET Buitenhuis and S Sathyendranath and T Platt},
url = {https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/36859/},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Ecological Indicators},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {152–163},
abstract = {<p>In recent years, phytoplankton phenology has been proposed as an indicator to monitor systematically the state of the pelagic ecosystem and to detect changes triggered by perturbation of the environmental conditions. Here we describe the phenology of phytoplankton growth for the world ocean using remote-sensing ocean colour data, and analyse its variability between 1998 and 2007. Generally, the tropics and subtropics present long growing period ($approx$15?20 weeks) of low amplitude (ensuremath<0.5 mg Chl m?3), whereas the high-latitudes show short growing period (ensuremath<10 weeks) of high amplitude (up to 7 mg Chl m?3). Statistical analyses suggest a close coupling between the development of the growing period and the seasonal increase in insolation in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean. In the tropics and subtropics, variability in light is low, and the growing period is controlled by nutrient supply occurring when mixing increases. Large interannual variability in the duration of the growing period is observed over the decade 1998?2007, with positive anomalies following the major 1997?1998 El Niño-La Niña events, and generally negative anomalies from 2003 to 2007. Warmer Sea-Surface Temperature (SST) over the duration of the growing period is associated with longer duration at high-latitudes indicating an extension of the growing period over summer months. The opposite is observed in the tropics and subtropics, where the duration is shorter when the SST is warmer, indicating increased stratification. Positive phases of North Atlantic Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode and negative phases of Multivariate El Niño-Southern Oscillation index (El Niño conditions), associated with enhanced water mixing and nutrients supply, generally sustain longer growth. On the basis of the results, perspectives are drawn on the utility of phenology as an organising principle for the analysis of pelagic ecosystem.</p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
<p>In recent years, phytoplankton phenology has been proposed as an indicator to monitor systematically the state of the pelagic ecosystem and to detect changes triggered by perturbation of the environmental conditions. Here we describe the phenology of phytoplankton growth for the world ocean using remote-sensing ocean colour data, and analyse its variability between 1998 and 2007. Generally, the tropics and subtropics present long growing period ($approx$15?20 weeks) of low amplitude (ensuremath<0.5 mg Chl m?3), whereas the high-latitudes show short growing period (ensuremath<10 weeks) of high amplitude (up to 7 mg Chl m?3). Statistical analyses suggest a close coupling between the development of the growing period and the seasonal increase in insolation in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean. In the tropics and subtropics, variability in light is low, and the growing period is controlled by nutrient supply occurring when mixing increases. Large interannual variability in the duration of the growing period is observed over the decade 1998?2007, with positive anomalies following the major 1997?1998 El Niño-La Niña events, and generally negative anomalies from 2003 to 2007. Warmer Sea-Surface Temperature (SST) over the duration of the growing period is associated with longer duration at high-latitudes indicating an extension of the growing period over summer months. The opposite is observed in the tropics and subtropics, where the duration is shorter when the SST is warmer, indicating increased stratification. Positive phases of North Atlantic Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode and negative phases of Multivariate El Niño-Southern Oscillation index (El Niño conditions), associated with enhanced water mixing and nutrients supply, generally sustain longer growth. On the basis of the results, perspectives are drawn on the utility of phenology as an organising principle for the analysis of pelagic ecosystem.</p>
Racault, M-F; Quéré, C Le; Buitenhuis, ET; Sathyendranath, S; Platt, T
Phytoplankton phenology in the global ocean Journal Article
In: Ecological Indicators, vol. 14, pp. 152–163, 2012.
@article{1170,
title = {Phytoplankton phenology in the global ocean},
author = {M-F Racault and C Le Quéré and ET Buitenhuis and S Sathyendranath and T Platt},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Ecological Indicators},
volume = {14},
pages = {152–163},
chapter = {152},
abstract = {In recent years, phytoplankton phenology has been proposed as an indicator to monitor systematically the state of the pelagic ecosystem and to detect changes triggered by perturbation of the environmental conditions. Here we describe the phenology of phytoplankton growth for the world ocean using remotesensing
ocean colour data, and analyse its variability between 1998 and 2007. Generally, the tropics and subtropics present long growing period (≈15–20 weeks) of low amplitude (<0.5 mg Chl m-3), whereas the high-latitudes show short growing period (<10 weeks) of high amplitude (up to 7 mg Chl m-3). Statistical analyses suggest a close coupling between the development of the growing period and the seasonal increase in insolation in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean. In the tropics and subtropics, variability in light is low, and the growing period is controlled by nutrient supply occurring when mixing increases. Large interannual variability in the duration of the growing period is observed over the decade 1998–2007, with positive anomalies following the major 1997–1998 El Ni~no-La Ni~na events, and generally negative anomalies from 2003 to 2007. Warmer Sea-Surface Temperature (SST) over the duration of the growing period is associated with longer duration at high-latitudes indicating an extension of the growing period over summer months. The opposite is observed in the tropics and subtropics, where the duration is shorter when the SST is warmer, indicating increased stratification. Positive phases of North Atlantic Oscillation
and Southern Annular Mode and negative phases of Multivariate El Ni~no-Southern Oscillation index (El Ni~no conditions), associated with enhanced water mixing and nutrients supply, generally sustain longer growth. On the basis of the results, perspectives are drawn on the utility of phenology as an organising principle for the analysis of pelagic ecosystem.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In recent years, phytoplankton phenology has been proposed as an indicator to monitor systematically the state of the pelagic ecosystem and to detect changes triggered by perturbation of the environmental conditions. Here we describe the phenology of phytoplankton growth for the world ocean using remotesensing
ocean colour data, and analyse its variability between 1998 and 2007. Generally, the tropics and subtropics present long growing period (≈15–20 weeks) of low amplitude (<0.5 mg Chl m-3), whereas the high-latitudes show short growing period (<10 weeks) of high amplitude (up to 7 mg Chl m-3). Statistical analyses suggest a close coupling between the development of the growing period and the seasonal increase in insolation in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean. In the tropics and subtropics, variability in light is low, and the growing period is controlled by nutrient supply occurring when mixing increases. Large interannual variability in the duration of the growing period is observed over the decade 1998–2007, with positive anomalies following the major 1997–1998 El Ni~no-La Ni~na events, and generally negative anomalies from 2003 to 2007. Warmer Sea-Surface Temperature (SST) over the duration of the growing period is associated with longer duration at high-latitudes indicating an extension of the growing period over summer months. The opposite is observed in the tropics and subtropics, where the duration is shorter when the SST is warmer, indicating increased stratification. Positive phases of North Atlantic Oscillation
and Southern Annular Mode and negative phases of Multivariate El Ni~no-Southern Oscillation index (El Ni~no conditions), associated with enhanced water mixing and nutrients supply, generally sustain longer growth. On the basis of the results, perspectives are drawn on the utility of phenology as an organising principle for the analysis of pelagic ecosystem.
ocean colour data, and analyse its variability between 1998 and 2007. Generally, the tropics and subtropics present long growing period (≈15–20 weeks) of low amplitude (<0.5 mg Chl m-3), whereas the high-latitudes show short growing period (<10 weeks) of high amplitude (up to 7 mg Chl m-3). Statistical analyses suggest a close coupling between the development of the growing period and the seasonal increase in insolation in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean. In the tropics and subtropics, variability in light is low, and the growing period is controlled by nutrient supply occurring when mixing increases. Large interannual variability in the duration of the growing period is observed over the decade 1998–2007, with positive anomalies following the major 1997–1998 El Ni~no-La Ni~na events, and generally negative anomalies from 2003 to 2007. Warmer Sea-Surface Temperature (SST) over the duration of the growing period is associated with longer duration at high-latitudes indicating an extension of the growing period over summer months. The opposite is observed in the tropics and subtropics, where the duration is shorter when the SST is warmer, indicating increased stratification. Positive phases of North Atlantic Oscillation
and Southern Annular Mode and negative phases of Multivariate El Ni~no-Southern Oscillation index (El Ni~no conditions), associated with enhanced water mixing and nutrients supply, generally sustain longer growth. On the basis of the results, perspectives are drawn on the utility of phenology as an organising principle for the analysis of pelagic ecosystem.
2011
Buitenhuis, ET; Rivkin, R; Sailley, S; Quéré, C Le
Biogeochemical fluxes through microzooplankton Journal Article
In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 24, 2011.
@article{547b,
title = {Biogeochemical fluxes through microzooplankton},
author = {ET Buitenhuis and R Rivkin and S Sailley and C Le Quéré},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
volume = {24},
chapter = {GB4015},
abstract = {N/A},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
N/A
2010
Allen, J. Icarus; Aiken, James; Anderson, Thomas R.; Buitenhuis, Erik; Cornell, Sarah; Geider, Richard J.; Haines, Keith; Hirata, Takafumi; Holt, Jason; Quere, Corinne Le; Hardman-Mountford, Nicholas; Ross, Oliver N.; Sinha, Bablu; While, James
Marine ecosystem models for earth systems applications: The MarQUEST experience Journal Article
In: Journal of Marine Systems, vol. 81, no. 1-2, pp. 19–33, 2010, ISSN: 0924-7963.
@article{58d11f3769d04bca932af63371c8f377,
title = {Marine ecosystem models for earth systems applications: The MarQUEST experience},
author = {J. Icarus Allen and James Aiken and Thomas R. Anderson and Erik Buitenhuis and Sarah Cornell and Richard J. Geider and Keith Haines and Takafumi Hirata and Jason Holt and Corinne Le Quere and Nicholas Hardman-Mountford and Oliver N. Ross and Bablu Sinha and James While},
doi = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.12.017},
issn = {0924-7963},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-04-01},
journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},
volume = {81},
number = {1-2},
pages = {19–33},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The MarQUEST (Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Modelling Initiative in QUEST) project was established to develop improved descriptions of marine biogeochemistry, suited for the next generation of Earth system models. We review progress in these areas providing insight on the advances that have been made as well as identifying remaining key outstanding gaps for the development of the marine component of next generation Earth system models. The following issues are discussed and where appropriate results are presented; the choice of model structure, scaling processes from physiology to functional types, the ecosystem model sensitivity to changes in the physical environment, the role of the coastal ocean and new methods for the evaluation and comparison of ecosystem and biogeochemistry models. We make recommendations as to where future investment in marine ecosystem modelling should be focused, highlighting a generic software framework for model development, improved hydrodynamic models, and better parameterisation of new and existing models, reanalysis tools and ensemble simulations. The final challenge is to ensure that experimental/observational scientists are stakeholders in the models and vice versa.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The MarQUEST (Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Modelling Initiative in QUEST) project was established to develop improved descriptions of marine biogeochemistry, suited for the next generation of Earth system models. We review progress in these areas providing insight on the advances that have been made as well as identifying remaining key outstanding gaps for the development of the marine component of next generation Earth system models. The following issues are discussed and where appropriate results are presented; the choice of model structure, scaling processes from physiology to functional types, the ecosystem model sensitivity to changes in the physical environment, the role of the coastal ocean and new methods for the evaluation and comparison of ecosystem and biogeochemistry models. We make recommendations as to where future investment in marine ecosystem modelling should be focused, highlighting a generic software framework for model development, improved hydrodynamic models, and better parameterisation of new and existing models, reanalysis tools and ensemble simulations. The final challenge is to ensure that experimental/observational scientists are stakeholders in the models and vice versa.
Sinha, B; Buitenhuis, ET; Quéré, C Le; Anderson, TR
Comparison of the emergent behavior of a complex ecosystem model in two ocean general circulation models Journal Article
In: Progress in Oceanography, vol. 84, 2010.
@article{1241,
title = {Comparison of the emergent behavior of a complex ecosystem model in two ocean general circulation models},
author = {B Sinha and ET Buitenhuis and C Le Quéré and TR Anderson},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Progress in Oceanography},
volume = {84},
chapter = {204},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Quéré, C Le; Takahashi, T; Buitenhuis, ET; Rödenbeck, C; Sutherland, S
Impact of climate change and variability on the global oceanic sink of CO2 Journal Article
In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 24, 2010.
@article{947b,
title = {Impact of climate change and variability on the global oceanic sink of CO2},
author = {C Le Quéré and T Takahashi and ET Buitenhuis and C Rödenbeck and S Sutherland},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
volume = {24},
chapter = {GB4007},
abstract = {No abstract},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
No abstract
Allen, JI; Aiken, J; Anderson, TR; Buitenhuis, ET; Cornell, S; Geider, R; Haines, K; Hirata, T; Holt, J; Quéré, C Le; Hardman-Mountford, N; Ross, ON; Sinha, B; While, J
Marine ecosystem models for earth systems applications: The MarQUEST experience. Journal Article
In: Journal of Marine Systems, vol. 81, 2010.
@article{425,
title = {Marine ecosystem models for earth systems applications: The MarQUEST experience.},
author = {JI Allen and J Aiken and TR Anderson and ET Buitenhuis and S Cornell and R Geider and K Haines and T Hirata and J Holt and C Le Quéré and N Hardman-Mountford and ON Ross and B Sinha and J While},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},
volume = {81},
chapter = {19},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Manizza, M; Buitenhuis, ET; Quéré, C Le
Sensitivity of global ocean biogeochemical dynamics to ecosystem structure in a future climate Journal Article
In: Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 37, 2010.
@article{1004,
title = {Sensitivity of global ocean biogeochemical dynamics to ecosystem structure in a future climate},
author = {M Manizza and ET Buitenhuis and C Le Quéré},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
volume = {37},
chapter = {L13607},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vogt, M; Vallina, S; Buitenhuis, ET; Bopp, L; Quéré, C Le
Simulating the Seasonal Cycle of Dimethylsulphide with the Global Multi-Plankton Functional Type Biogeochemistry Model PlankTOM5 Journal Article
In: Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 115, 2010.
@article{1362,
title = {Simulating the Seasonal Cycle of Dimethylsulphide with the Global Multi-Plankton Functional Type Biogeochemistry Model PlankTOM5},
author = {M Vogt and S Vallina and ET Buitenhuis and L Bopp and C Le Quéré},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
volume = {115},
chapter = {C06021},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vogt, M; Vallina, SM; Buitenhuis, ET; Bopp, L; Quere, C Le
Simulating dimethylsulphide seasonality with the Dynamic Green Ocean Model PlankTOM5 Journal Article
In: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, vol. 115, no. 6, 2010.
@article{538dd5b8c03546aa886d3dc9ce62ee85,
title = {Simulating dimethylsulphide seasonality with the Dynamic Green Ocean Model PlankTOM5},
author = {M Vogt and SM Vallina and ET Buitenhuis and L Bopp and C Le Quere},
doi = {10.1029/2009JC005529},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans},
volume = {115},
number = {6},
abstract = {We study the dynamics of dimethylsulphide (DMS) and dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) using the global ocean biogeochemistry model PlankTOM5, which includes three phytoplankton and two zooplankton functional types (PFTs). We present a fully prognostic DMS module describing intracellular particulate DMSP (DMSPp) production, concentrations of dissolved DMSP (DMSPd), and DMS production and consumption. The model produces DMS fields that compare reasonably well with the observed annual mean DMS fields, zonal mean DMS concentrations, and its seasonal cycle. Modeled ecosystem composition and modeled total chlorophyll influenced mean DMS concentrations and DMS seasonality at mid-and high latitudes, but did not control the seasonal cycle in the tropics. The introduction of a direct, irradiation-dependent DMS production term (exudation) in the model improved the match between modeled and observed DMS seasonality, but deteriorated simulated zonal mean concentrations. In PlankTOM5, exudation was found to be most important for DMS seasonality in the tropics, and a variable DMSP cell quota as a function of light and nutrient stress was more important than a PFT-specific minimal DMSPp cell quota. The results suggest that DMS seasonality in the low latitudes is mostly driven by light. The agreement between model and data for DMS, DMSPp, and DMSPd is reasonable at the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Station, where the summer paradox is observed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We study the dynamics of dimethylsulphide (DMS) and dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) using the global ocean biogeochemistry model PlankTOM5, which includes three phytoplankton and two zooplankton functional types (PFTs). We present a fully prognostic DMS module describing intracellular particulate DMSP (DMSPp) production, concentrations of dissolved DMSP (DMSPd), and DMS production and consumption. The model produces DMS fields that compare reasonably well with the observed annual mean DMS fields, zonal mean DMS concentrations, and its seasonal cycle. Modeled ecosystem composition and modeled total chlorophyll influenced mean DMS concentrations and DMS seasonality at mid-and high latitudes, but did not control the seasonal cycle in the tropics. The introduction of a direct, irradiation-dependent DMS production term (exudation) in the model improved the match between modeled and observed DMS seasonality, but deteriorated simulated zonal mean concentrations. In PlankTOM5, exudation was found to be most important for DMS seasonality in the tropics, and a variable DMSP cell quota as a function of light and nutrient stress was more important than a PFT-specific minimal DMSPp cell quota. The results suggest that DMS seasonality in the low latitudes is mostly driven by light. The agreement between model and data for DMS, DMSPp, and DMSPd is reasonable at the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Station, where the summer paradox is observed.
2008
Manizza, M; Quéré, C Le; Watson, AJ; Buitenhuis, ET
Ocean biogeochemical response to phytoplankton-light feedback in a global model Journal Article
In: Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 113, 2008.
@article{1006,
title = {Ocean biogeochemical response to phytoplankton-light feedback in a global model},
author = {M Manizza and C Le Quéré and AJ Watson and ET Buitenhuis},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
volume = {113},
chapter = {C10010},
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Quéré, C Le; Rödenbeck, C; Buitenhuis, ET; Conway, TJ; Langenfelds, R; Gomez, A; Labuschagne, C; Ramonet, M; Nakazawa, T; Metzl, N; Gillett, N; Heimann, M
Response to Comments on Saturation of the Southern ocean CO2 sink due to recent climate change Journal Article
In: Science, vol. 319, 2008.
@article{957,
title = {Response to Comments on Saturation of the Southern ocean CO2 sink due to recent climate change},
author = {C Le Quéré and C Rödenbeck and ET Buitenhuis and TJ Conway and R Langenfelds and A Gomez and C Labuschagne and M Ramonet and T Nakazawa and N Metzl and N Gillett and M Heimann},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Science},
volume = {319},
chapter = {570c},
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2007
Canadell, J; Quéré, C Le; Raupach, MR; Fields, C; Buitenhuis, ET; Ciais, P; Conway, TJ; Gillett, N; Houghton, RA; Marland, G
Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks Journal Article
In: PNAS, vol. 104, 2007.
@article{563,
title = {Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks},
author = {J Canadell and C Le Quéré and MR Raupach and C Fields and ET Buitenhuis and P Ciais and TJ Conway and N Gillett and RA Houghton and G Marland},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {PNAS},
volume = {104},
chapter = {18866},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Buitenhuis, ET; Pangerc, T; Malin, G; Quéré, C Le
Growth rates of coccolithophorids as a function of temperature Journal Article
In: Limnology and oceanography, vol. 53, 2007.
@article{549b,
title = {Growth rates of coccolithophorids as a function of temperature},
author = {ET Buitenhuis and T Pangerc and G Malin and C Le Quéré},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Limnology and oceanography},
volume = {53},
chapter = {1181},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
da Cunha, LC; Quéré, C Le; Buitenhuis, ET; Giraud, X; Ludwig, W
Potential impact of changes in river nutrient supply on global ocean biogeochemistry Journal Article
In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 21, 2007.
@article{615,
title = {Potential impact of changes in river nutrient supply on global ocean biogeochemistry},
author = {LC da Cunha and C Le Quéré and ET Buitenhuis and X Giraud and W Ludwig},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
volume = {21},
chapter = {GB4007},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
Quéré, C Le; Rödenbeck, C; Buitenhuis, ET; Conway, TJ; Langenfelds, R; Gomez, A; Labuschagne, C; Ramonet, M; Nakazawa, T; Metzl, N; Gillett, N; Heimann, M
Saturation of the Southern ocean CO2 sink due to recent climate change Journal Article
In: Science, vol. 316, 2007.
@article{956,
title = {Saturation of the Southern ocean CO2 sink due to recent climate change},
author = {C Le Quéré and C Rödenbeck and ET Buitenhuis and TJ Conway and R Langenfelds and A Gomez and C Labuschagne and M Ramonet and T Nakazawa and N Metzl and N Gillett and M Heimann},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Science},
volume = {316},
chapter = {1735},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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2006
Buitenhuis, ET; Quéré, C Le; Aumont, O; Beaugrand, G; Bunker, A; Hirst, A; Ikeda, T; OtextquoterightBrien, T; Piontkovski, S; Straile, D
Biogeochemical Fluxes Mediated by Mesozooplankton Journal Article
In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 20, no. GB2003, 2006.
@article{548,
title = {Biogeochemical Fluxes Mediated by Mesozooplankton},
author = {ET Buitenhuis and C Le Quéré and O Aumont and G Beaugrand and A Bunker and A Hirst and T Ikeda and T O{textquoteright}Brien and S Piontkovski and D Straile},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
volume = {20},
number = {GB2003},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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Carr, M -E; Freidrichs, MAM; Antoine, D; Gentili, B; Morel, A; Arrigo, KR; Reddy, T; Asanuma, I; Behrenfeld, M; Bidigare, B; Ciotti, A; Dierssen, H; Dowell, M; Dunne, J; Esaias, W; Turpie, K; Hoepffner, N; Melin, F; Ishizaka, J; Kameda, T; Quéré, C Le; Aumont, O; Buitenhuis, ET; Lohrenz, S; Marra, J; Moore, K; Ryan, J; Scardi, M; Smyth, T; Groom, S; Holdcroft, G; Tilstone, G; Waters, K; Yamanaka, Y; Noguchi, M; Aita,; Campbell, J; Barber, R
A comparison of marine primary production estimates from ocean color: global fields Journal Article
In: Deep Sea Research, vol. 53, 2006.
@article{570,
title = {A comparison of marine primary production estimates from ocean color: global fields},
author = {M -E Carr and MAM Freidrichs and D Antoine and B Gentili and A Morel and KR Arrigo and T Reddy and I Asanuma and M Behrenfeld and B Bidigare and A Ciotti and H Dierssen and M Dowell and J Dunne and W Esaias and K Turpie and N Hoepffner and F Melin and J Ishizaka and T Kameda and C Le Quéré and O Aumont and ET Buitenhuis and S Lohrenz and J Marra and K Moore and J Ryan and M Scardi and T Smyth and S Groom and G Holdcroft and G Tilstone and K Waters and Y Yamanaka and M Noguchi and Aita and J Campbell and R Barber},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Deep Sea Research},
volume = {53},
chapter = {741},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McKinkley, GA; Takahashi, T; Buitenhuis, ET; Chai, F; Christian, JR; Doney, SC; Jiang, M -S; Lindsay, K; Moore, JK; Quéré, C Le; Lima, I; Murtugudde, R; Shi, L; Shi, L; Wetzel, P
North Pacific carbon cycle response to climate variability on seasonal to decadal timescales Journal Article
In: Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 111, no. C07S06, 2006.
@article{1019,
title = {North Pacific carbon cycle response to climate variability on seasonal to decadal timescales},
author = {GA McKinkley and T Takahashi and ET Buitenhuis and F Chai and JR Christian and SC Doney and M -S Jiang and K Lindsay and JK Moore and C Le Quéré and I Lima and R Murtugudde and L Shi and L Shi and P Wetzel},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
volume = {111},
number = {C07S06},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Buitenhuis, Erik; Quere, Corinne Le; Aumont, Olivier; Beaugrand, Grégory; Bunker, Adrian; Hirst, Andrew; Ikeda, Tsutomu; O’Brien, Todd; Piontkovski, Sergey; Straile, Dietmar
Biogeochemical fluxes through mesozooplankton Journal Article
In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 20, 2006, ISSN: 0886-6236.
@article{5ab1a26cb5824146ad61bbdefa2a61d4,
title = {Biogeochemical fluxes through mesozooplankton},
author = {Erik Buitenhuis and Corinne Le Quere and Olivier Aumont and Grégory Beaugrand and Adrian Bunker and Andrew Hirst and Tsutomu Ikeda and Todd O'Brien and Sergey Piontkovski and Dietmar Straile},
doi = {10.1029/2005GB002511},
issn = {0886-6236},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
volume = {20},
publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
abstract = {Mesozooplankton are significant consumers of phytoplankton, and have a significant impact on the oceanic biogeochemical cycles of carbon and other elements. Their contribution to vertical particle flux is much larger than that of microzooplankton, yet most global biogeochemical models have lumped these two plankton functional types together. In this paper we bring together several newly available data syntheses on observed mesozooplankton concentration and the biogeochemical fluxes they mediate, and perform data synthesis on flux rates for which no synthesis was available. We update the equations of a global biogeochemical model with an explicit representation of mesozooplankton (PISCES). We use the rate measurements to constrain the parameters of mesozooplankton, and evaluate the model results with our independent synthesis of mesozooplankton concentration measurements. We also perform a sensitivity study to analyze the impact of uncertainty in the flux rates. The standard model run was parameterized on the basis of the data synthesis of flux rates. The results of mesozooplankton concentration in the standard run are slightly lower than the independent databases of observed mesozooplankton concentrations, but not significantly. This shows that structuring and parameterizing biogeochemical models on the basis of observations without tuning is a strategy that works. The sensitivity study showed that by using a maximum grazing rate of mesozooplankton that is only 30% higher than the poorly constrained fit to the observations, the model mesozooplankton concentration gets closer to the observations, but mesozooplankton grazing becomes higher than what is currently accounted for. This is an indication that food selection by mesozooplankton is not sufficiently quantified at present. Despite the amount of effort that is represented by the data syntheses of all relevant processes, the good results that were obtained for mesozooplankton indicate that this effort needs to be applied to all components of marine biogeochemistry. The development of ecosystem models that better represent key plankton groups and that are more closely based on observations should lead to better understanding and quantification of the feedbacks between marine ecosystems and climate.},
keywords = {},
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Mesozooplankton are significant consumers of phytoplankton, and have a significant impact on the oceanic biogeochemical cycles of carbon and other elements. Their contribution to vertical particle flux is much larger than that of microzooplankton, yet most global biogeochemical models have lumped these two plankton functional types together. In this paper we bring together several newly available data syntheses on observed mesozooplankton concentration and the biogeochemical fluxes they mediate, and perform data synthesis on flux rates for which no synthesis was available. We update the equations of a global biogeochemical model with an explicit representation of mesozooplankton (PISCES). We use the rate measurements to constrain the parameters of mesozooplankton, and evaluate the model results with our independent synthesis of mesozooplankton concentration measurements. We also perform a sensitivity study to analyze the impact of uncertainty in the flux rates. The standard model run was parameterized on the basis of the data synthesis of flux rates. The results of mesozooplankton concentration in the standard run are slightly lower than the independent databases of observed mesozooplankton concentrations, but not significantly. This shows that structuring and parameterizing biogeochemical models on the basis of observations without tuning is a strategy that works. The sensitivity study showed that by using a maximum grazing rate of mesozooplankton that is only 30% higher than the poorly constrained fit to the observations, the model mesozooplankton concentration gets closer to the observations, but mesozooplankton grazing becomes higher than what is currently accounted for. This is an indication that food selection by mesozooplankton is not sufficiently quantified at present. Despite the amount of effort that is represented by the data syntheses of all relevant processes, the good results that were obtained for mesozooplankton indicate that this effort needs to be applied to all components of marine biogeochemistry. The development of ecosystem models that better represent key plankton groups and that are more closely based on observations should lead to better understanding and quantification of the feedbacks between marine ecosystems and climate.
2005
Manizza, M; Quéré, C Le; Watson, AJ; Buitenhuis, ET
Bio-optical Feedbacks among Phytoplankton, Upper Ocean Physics and Sea-ice in a Global Model Journal Article
In: Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 32, no. L05603, 2005.
@article{1005,
title = {Bio-optical Feedbacks among Phytoplankton, Upper Ocean Physics and Sea-ice in a Global Model},
author = {M Manizza and C Le Quéré and AJ Watson and ET Buitenhuis},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
volume = {32},
number = {L05603},
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pubstate = {published},
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Quéré, C Le; Harrison, SP; Prentice, IC; Buitenhuis, ET; Aumont, O; Bopp, L; Claustre, H; da Cunha, LC; Geider, R; Giraud, X; Klaas, C; Kohfeld, KE; Legendre, L; Manizza, M; Platt, T; Rivkin, R; Sathyendranath, S; Uitz, J; Watson, AJ; Wolf-Gladrow, D
Ecosystem Dynamics Based on Plankton Functional Types for Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Models Journal Article
In: Global Change Biology, no. 11, 2005.
@article{952,
title = {Ecosystem Dynamics Based on Plankton Functional Types for Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Models},
author = {C Le Quéré and SP Harrison and IC Prentice and ET Buitenhuis and O Aumont and L Bopp and H Claustre and LC da Cunha and R Geider and X Giraud and C Klaas and KE Kohfeld and L Legendre and M Manizza and T Platt and R Rivkin and S Sathyendranath and J Uitz and AJ Watson and D Wolf-Gladrow},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Global Change Biology},
number = {11},
chapter = {2016},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2004
Prentice, IC; Quéré, C Le; Buitenhuis, ET; House, JI; Klaas, C; Knorr, W
Biosphere Dynamics: Questions for Earth System Modelling Book Chapter
In: Hawkesworth, CJ; Sparks, RSJ (Ed.): The State of the Planet: Frontiers and Challenges, AGU Monograph, 2004.
@inbook{289b,
title = {Biosphere Dynamics: Questions for Earth System Modelling},
author = {IC Prentice and C Le Quéré and ET Buitenhuis and JI House and C Klaas and W Knorr},
editor = {CJ Hawkesworth and RSJ Sparks},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
booktitle = {The State of the Planet: Frontiers and Challenges},
publisher = {AGU Monograph},
organization = {AGU Monograph},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
1996
Buitenhuis, Erik; Bleijswijk, Judith; Bakker, Dorothee; Veldhuis, Marcel
Trends in inorganic and organic carbon in a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North Sea Journal Article
In: Journal of Marine Systems, vol. 76, pp. 113–133, 1996, ISSN: 0924-7963.
@article{8a00b525ac0e4ea3b9c93728ec8de9fb,
title = {Trends in inorganic and organic carbon in a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North Sea},
author = {Erik Buitenhuis and Judith Bleijswijk and Dorothee Bakker and Marcel Veldhuis},
issn = {0924-7963},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},
volume = {76},
pages = {113–133},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
