Carole White

@article{0ac901e098c34b3994874756520215a8,

title = {Exploring the relationship between plural values of nature, human well-being, and conservation and development intervention: Why it matters and how to do it?},

author = {Rachel Carmenta and Julie Zaehringer and Patricia Balvanera and Erin Betley and Neil Dawson and Natalia Estrada-Carmona and Johanna Forster and Jeff Hoelle and Bosco Lliso and Jorge Llopis and Ajit Menon and Moira Moeliono and Karen Mustin and Unai Pascual and Nitin D. Rai and Judith Schleicher and Clare Shelton and A Sigouin and Eleanor Sterling and Angela M. Steward and A Tauro and Carole White and Emily Woodhouse and Elizabeth L. Yuliani},

doi = {10.1002/pan3.10562},

issn = {2575-8314},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-12-01},

journal = {People and Nature},

volume = {5},

number = {6},

pages = {1720–1738},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {1. Globally, land and seascapes across the bioculturally diverse tropics are in transition. Impacted by the demands of distant consumers, the processes of global environmental change and numerous interventions seeking climate, conservation and development goals, these transitions have the potential to impact the relationships and plurality of values held between people and place.2. This paper is a Synthesis of seven empirical studies within the Special Feature (SF): ‘What is lost in transition? Capturing the impacts of conservation and development interventions on relational values and human wellbeing in the tropics’. Through two Open Forum workshops, and critical review, contributing authors explored emergent properties across the papers of the SF. Six core themes were identified and are subsumed within broad categories of: (i) the problem of reconciling scale and complexity, (ii) key challenges to be overcome for more plural understanding of social dimensions of landscape change and (iii) ways forward: the potential of an environmental justice framework, and a practical overview of methods available to do so.3. The Synthesis interprets disparate fields and complex academic work on relational values, human well-being and de-colonial approaches in impact appraisal. It offers a practical and actionable catalogue of methods for plural valuation in the field, and reflects on their combinations, strengths and weaknesses.4. The research contribution is policy relevant because it builds the case for why a more plural approach in intervention design and evaluation is essential for achieving more just and sustainable futures, and highlights some of the key actions points deemed necessary to achieve such a transition to conventional practice.},

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@article{f16f0a1433994c6a8202347d33f904f2,

title = {Blue growth and blue justice: Ten risks and solutions for the ocean economy},

author = {Nathan James Bennett and Jessica Blythe and Carole White and Cecilia Campero},

doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104387},

issn = {0308-597X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-01},

journal = {Marine Policy},

volume = {125},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {The oceans are increasingly viewed as a new frontier for economic development. Yet, as companies and governments race to capitalize on marine resources, substantial risks can arise for people and the environment. The dominant discourse that frames blue growth as beneficial for the economy, developing nations, and coastal communities risks downplaying the uneven distribution of benefits and potential harms. Civil society organizations and academics alike have been sounding the alarm about the social justice implications of rapid and unchecked ocean development. Here, we review existing literature to highlight ten social injustices that might be produced by blue growth: 1) dispossession, displacement and ocean grabbing; 2) environmental justice concerns from pollution and waste; 3) environmental degradation and reduction of ecosystem services; 4) livelihood impacts for small-scale fishers; 5) lost access to marine resources needed for food security and well-being; 6) inequitable distribution of economic benefits; 7) social and cultural impacts; 8) marginalization of women; 9) human and Indigenous rights abuses; and, 10) exclusion from governance. Through this critical review, we aim to stimulate a rigorous dialogue on future pathways to achieve a more just and inclusive ocean economy. We contend that a commitment to ‘blue justice’ must be central to the blue growth agenda, which requires greater attention to addressing the 10 risks that we have highlighted, and propose practical actions to incorporate recognitional, procedural, and distributional justice into the future ocean economy. However, achieving a truly just ocean economy may require a complete transformation of the blue growth paradigm.},

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@article{9315bc838df64c169fd341e22155f5f3,

title = {Cultural violence in the aftermath of the Brexit referendum: Manifestations of post-racial xeno-racism},

author = {Maria Abranches and Ulrike Theuerkauf and Caitlin Scott and Carole White},

doi = {10.1080/01419870.2020.1841257},

issn = {0141-9870},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Ethnic and Racial Studies},

volume = {44},

number = {15},

pages = {2876–2894},

publisher = {Routledge},

abstract = {This paper makes a novel contribution to the academic debate on Brexit and racism. It emphasizes the need to distinguish different manifestations of post-racial xeno-racism in the aftermath of the Brexit Referendum as either direct, structural or cultural violence. This distinction of different types of violence is important for everyday and academic contexts, because it affects the ways in which racist behaviour is identified and addressed. Cultural violence in the form of nationalist defensive, anti-immigration statements is the most common type of racist violence that we found in our analysis. Yet, it also tends to be more readily dismissed as “not racist” by its perpetrators and targets, and contributes to feelings of subdual and powerlessness amongst the latter. Our arguments are based on findings from 15 semi-structured interviews that we conducted in 2017 with British and non-British residents of Great Yarmouth, a seaside borough in East Anglia.},

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@article{43be366a691c403890ca2ac2eda40ceb,

title = {Environmental justice and transformations to sustainability},

author = {Adrian Martin and Teresa Armijos Burneo and Brendan Coolsaet and Neil Dawson and Gareth A S Edwards and Roger Few and Nicole Gross-Camp and Iokine Rodriguez Fernandez and Heike Schroeder and Mark Tebboth and Carole White},

doi = {10.1080/00139157.2020.1820294},

issn = {0013-9157},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-16},

journal = {Environment},

volume = {62},

number = {6},

pages = {19–30},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis},

abstract = {Global carbon emissions continue to rise,1 rates of global biodiversity loss continue to increase,2 and social and economic inequalities continue to widen.3 Significant global social movements such as Fridays for Future are declaring thissituation an “emergency,” regarding it as a crime against humanity in which political and business leaders stand accused of ignoring the plight of current and future vulnerable people. This association between environmental crises and social injustice is now widely accepted. Many feel that time is running out for incremental approaches to prove effective and that there is an inescapable need for a radical, transformative change that combines sustainability and justice.},

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@article{8b527009211441febd18791a44740eb8,

title = {Tackling alcoholism and domestic violence in fisheries - a new opportunity to improve wellbeing for the most vulnerable people in global fisheries},

author = {Sarah Coulthard and Carole White and Nasheera Paranamana and K. P. G. L. Sandaruwan and R. Manimohan and R. Maya},

doi = {10.1111/faf.12426},

issn = {1467-2960},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-03-01},

journal = {Fish and Fisheries},

volume = {21},

number = {2},

pages = {223–236},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) principle of ‘Leaving no one behind’ focusses global attention on the poorest and most vulnerable people. As different sectors grapple to engage meaningfully with this principle, we posit that greater consideration of social problems in fishing-dependent communities, such as alcoholism and domestic violence, presents an opportunity for fisheries governors to contribute to the SDGs mandate. We further argue that governing marine resources in ignorance of these problems can risk harming some of the most vulnerable people in fisheries. Using subjective wellbeing data from women living in two small-scale fishing communities in India and Sri Lanka, we demonstrate the prevalence and impact of alcoholism and domestic violence in fishing households. We further highlight how policies which restrict access to marine resources can undermine important coping strategies, in particular the ability of women to act as independent income-earners, exacerbating harm to already vulnerable women. A scoping review of the literature reveals that alcoholism and domestic violence are reported in certain fisheries around the world, and we theorise how this may relate to the nature of fishing life, and growing stresses regarding the future of fishing. Tackling the burdens of alcoholism and domestic violence in fisheries, where it is an issue, is an opportunity to improve wellbeing for men, women and their families. The paper concludes with tangible actions which marine resource governors could adopt to contribute to the ‘leave no one behind’ ethos.},

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@article{b720f021367e4cb097f0c60fb50407c0,

title = {Access as the means for understanding social-ecological resilience: Bridging analytical frameworks},

author = {Rafael Calderon Contreras and Carole White},

doi = {10.1080/08941920.2019.1597233},

issn = {0894-1920},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-02-01},

journal = {Society and Natural Resources},

volume = {33},

number = {2},

pages = {205–223},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis},

abstract = {Social Ecological Systems (SES) resilience has become the mainstream analytical framework for understanding the interactions between the social and environmental dynamics of change. However, issues around the role of power and agency, which have been described as blind spots by critics, have raised concerns regarding its application to real-world empirical cases. We explore how Ribot and Peluso’s Theory of Access can be applied to address critical theoretical gaps in SES by examining how its structural and relational access mechanisms relate to diversity, feedbacks and connectivity which are central to the dynamics of SES. Testing this through two different case studies, on land use issues in Mexico and marine fisheries in the United Kingdom, we illustrate how an analysis focused on access deepens our understanding of resilience. We argue that the insights provided by the Theory of Access contribute to an improved theorization of the “social” in social-ecological resilience.},

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@article{94cc4486250143519f2bfdf1b340ae36,

title = {Historical trajectories of disaster risk in Dominica},

author = {Jennifer Barclay and Emily Wilkinson and Carole White and Clare Shelton and Johanna Forster and Roger Few and Irene Lorenzoni and George Woolhouse and Claire Jowitt and Harriette Stone and Lennox Honychurch},

doi = {10.1007/s13753-019-0215-z},

issn = {2095-0055},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-06-01},

journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Science},

volume = {10},

number = {2},

pages = {149–165},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {The calamitous consequences of 2017 Hurricane Maria for the Caribbean island of Dominica highlighted the acute and increasing susceptibility of the region to disasters. Despite increasing international attention to disaster risk reduction, recovery from hazard events can be especially lengthy and difficult for small island developing states. In this article, we build on existing understandings of disaster risk as a physical and social condition, showing that historical processes are fundamental to understanding how conditions of risk emerge and persist over time. We take an integrated approach to analyzing the drivers of risk accumulation, using the example of Dominica, where processes set in motion during the colonial period have shaped the location of people and assets, the degree to which they might be harmed, the societal repercussions of that harm and the prospects for recovery. We focus on the underlying economic vulnerabilities and physical exposure to hazards created by agricultural, economic, and social practices, and successive disaster responses that have constrained recovery. Uncovering these historical drivers and persistent issues, elucidates lessons for pursuing a more resilient development trajectory, including through the promotion of economic restructuring and diversification, and land reform.},

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@article{c31a9dd0318e406799bf34c4ac75aa28,

title = {Book Review: Urquhart, J., Acott, T.G., Symes, D. and Zhao, M., editors. 2014: Social Issues in Sustainable Fisheries Management},

author = {Carole White},

doi = {10.1177/1464993416672305},

issn = {1464-9934},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Progress in Development Studies},

volume = {17},

number = {1},

pages = {96–97},

publisher = {Sage Publications},

abstract = {Urquhart, J., Acott, T.G., Symes, D. and Zhao, M., editors. 2014: Social Issues in Sustainable Fisheries Management (Series Volume 9). MARE Publication Series. Netherlands: Springer. 355 pp. $129.00/€109, 99/£82.00. ISBN: 978–94-007–7910–5 (Hardcover). $99.00/€91.62/£64. ISBN: 99 978–94-007–7911–2 (eBook).},

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@article{419eb13d9cd245f1898348520e64845b,

title = {Getting into fishing: Recruitment and social resilience in North Norfolk's ‘Cromer Crab’ Fishery, UK},

author = {Carole White},

doi = {10.1111/soru.12101},

issn = {0038-0199},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-07-01},

journal = {Sociologia Ruralis},

volume = {55},

number = {3},

pages = {291–308},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {The intergenerational continuity of fishing communities is a growing concern for the sustainability of small-scale fisheries around Europe. This is exemplified through the case of an English crab fishery where young people are being encouraged into fishing through funded training programmes with limited success. Opportunities for work have declined, most notably through a reduction in crew size to save costs. Interviews with fishermen of different ages are explored using access theory to elucidate how the social reproduction of fishing has changed. This shows how the agency of young aspiring fishermen is increasingly constrained by regulatory and financial factors. Improved social and spatial mobility among fishing families mean that recruitment into the fishery through a father-to-son pathway is increasingly uncommon. Youngsters from non-fishing families face additional financial and relational barriers. Funded courses alone cannot provide a solution. A holistic approach to rural coastal development is required to build social resilience in fishing communities across Europe faced with similar problems.},

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@article{29606faea9f94eb29111e7672feee237,

title = {Structured Interview Tools: Insights and Issues from Assessing Wellbeing of Fishermen Adapting to Change Using Scoring and Ranking Questions},

author = {Carole White},

doi = {10.4135/978144627305014539119},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-08-25},

journal = {SAGE Research Methods Cases},

abstract = {This case discusses the use of researcher-administered structured interview tools, with ranking and scoring exercises, combined with more open-ended fluid interviews. Drawing on empirical work applying methods from wellbeing research to understanding the social impacts of change in a small-scale fishing community in the East of England, I discuss the insights that were gained from using these tools and some of the methodological issues I encountered. Finally, I reflect on my experience and some of the ethical questions that arose when using these tools. In doing so, I explain my decision to abandon the use of these tools and to privilege a less structured interview approach.},

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@article{5ee22515012e43439adddbc319938f58,

title = {Social acceptability of a marine protected area: The case of Reunion Island},

author = {Aurélie Thomassin and Carole White and Selina S. Stead and Gilbert David},

doi = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.01.008},

issn = {0964-5691},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-03-01},

journal = {Ocean and Coastal Management},

volume = {53},

number = {4},

pages = {169–179},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {This paper examines variations in social acceptability of a Marine Protected Area (MPA) prior to implementation. The influence of a number of factors, including socio-economic characteristics, perception of coral resources state of health and attitudes towards non-compliance with regulations are analysed. During May 2006, 640 questionnaires were distributed to school children around Reunion Island, Western Indian Ocean, for completion by their parents, following an informal educational activity made in school. From a 73% (n = 469) response rate, results showed that 78% of participants were in favour of the MPA. Analysis further identified that those supportive of the MPA were generally from higher socio-professional categories, had a negative perception of the coral reef ecosystem's health and were not originally from Reunion. In contrast, locals (born in Reunion) from lower socio-professional categories or with no employment activity and having a positive perception of the health status of coral reefs offered no opinion on the MPA. Attitudes towards enforcement and compliance highlighted that SCUBA divers, fishers and jet skiers attributed a higher value to the protection of the coral reef environment through enforcement of MPA regulations than to their own use of the coral reef resource. When asked about the use of penalties to deter non-compliance, swimmers were awarded the lowest fines, followed by SCUBA divers, fishers then jet skiers being awarded the highest fines. Thus, the more severe the act of non-compliance by a resource user group was perceived to be, the more these users themselves disapproved of non-compliant behaviour and supported use of high penalties. The survey design through focusing on school children's parents, demonstrated a simple and cost-effective method for data collection while providing environmental education, which could be employed in similar case studies elsewhere.},

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