Tyndall Centre Journal Articles
2023
Vasani, Harsh
Practicing security: securitisation of transboundary rivers by hydrocrats in Himalayan South Asia Journal Article
In: GeoJournal, vol. 88, pp. 3871–3887, 2023, ISSN: 0343-2521.
@article{93cac72bbca64d8fac02ae7fe471e6e9,
title = {Practicing security: securitisation of transboundary rivers by hydrocrats in Himalayan South Asia},
author = {Harsh Vasani},
doi = {10.1007/s10708-023-10836-3},
issn = {0343-2521},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-08-01},
journal = {GeoJournal},
volume = {88},
pages = {3871–3887},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {This paper examines the intersection of regional geopolitics and the governance of transboundary rivers using the case studies of multipurpose reservoirs in Himalayan South Asia. It uncovers the various ways Indian hydrocracy uses its institutional and technical expertise to strengthen India’s centrality in Nepal’s water and hydropower sectors. The practices of security undertaken by the hydrocrats are classified as structural, institutional, and statutory acts. By focusing on practices of an epistemic community like hydrocrats, this paper addresses longstanding weaknesses of the securitisation theory of being elitist and ignoring the agency of mid-level bureaucrats. It also highlights the constructivist nature of international politics. The findings contribute empirically to securitisation theory’s ‘Paris School’ of thought.},
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This paper examines the intersection of regional geopolitics and the governance of transboundary rivers using the case studies of multipurpose reservoirs in Himalayan South Asia. It uncovers the various ways Indian hydrocracy uses its institutional and technical expertise to strengthen India’s centrality in Nepal’s water and hydropower sectors. The practices of security undertaken by the hydrocrats are classified as structural, institutional, and statutory acts. By focusing on practices of an epistemic community like hydrocrats, this paper addresses longstanding weaknesses of the securitisation theory of being elitist and ignoring the agency of mid-level bureaucrats. It also highlights the constructivist nature of international politics. The findings contribute empirically to securitisation theory’s ‘Paris School’ of thought.
Bocquillon, Pierre; Brooks, Eleanor; Maltby, Tomas
Talkin’ bout a revolution? Institutional change in the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility: the case of climate policy Journal Article
In: Journal of Common Market Studies, 2023, ISSN: 0021-9886.
@article{274dfdff87244b26b650b178afa98846,
title = {Talkin’ bout a revolution? Institutional change in the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility: the case of climate policy},
author = {Pierre Bocquillon and Eleanor Brooks and Tomas Maltby},
issn = {0021-9886},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-14},
journal = {Journal of Common Market Studies},
publisher = {Wiley},
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pubstate = {published},
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Rao, Nitya; J.D, Sophia
Identity, sociality and mobility: Understanding internal fisher migration along India’s east coast Journal Article
In: Maritime Studies, 2023, ISSN: 2212-9790.
@article{8ee5fd12678e4840a18a2737ebd67d4d,
title = {Identity, sociality and mobility: Understanding internal fisher migration along India’s east coast},
author = {Nitya Rao and Sophia J.D},
issn = {2212-9790},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-13},
journal = {Maritime Studies},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {Fisher movement in the pursuit of fish is a well-established truism. In this paper, we explore the motivations and mechanisms deployed for internal migration within the fishing sector in coastal Tamil Nadu, rather than only on the seas, as a strategy for both economic and social mobility. Marine fisheries in India is a caste-based occupation, with its own social and political hierarchy, responsible for the governance and management of common resources. For those belonging to the subordinate fishing castes, excluded from decision-making processes, migration is an important strategy for gaining economic resources, social power and recognition as skilled and successful marine fishermen. Using qualitative research methods, the paper explores the migration of fishermen from Rajakuppam, a small fishing village in Cuddalore district, belonging to such a subordinate fishing caste, to Kasimedu, in the capital city of Chennai, the largest fishing harbour in the state of Tamil Nadu. We find that family and its social organization, in particular kinship and marriage ties, brokered by senior women, are significant factors in facilitating successful migration. Recognizing women’s contributions to the sector, both direct and through their social reproductive and networking activities, invisible in both the larger maritime literature and production-centric fisheries’ policy-making, is crucial for achieving wellbeing and sustainability outcomes.},
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Fisher movement in the pursuit of fish is a well-established truism. In this paper, we explore the motivations and mechanisms deployed for internal migration within the fishing sector in coastal Tamil Nadu, rather than only on the seas, as a strategy for both economic and social mobility. Marine fisheries in India is a caste-based occupation, with its own social and political hierarchy, responsible for the governance and management of common resources. For those belonging to the subordinate fishing castes, excluded from decision-making processes, migration is an important strategy for gaining economic resources, social power and recognition as skilled and successful marine fishermen. Using qualitative research methods, the paper explores the migration of fishermen from Rajakuppam, a small fishing village in Cuddalore district, belonging to such a subordinate fishing caste, to Kasimedu, in the capital city of Chennai, the largest fishing harbour in the state of Tamil Nadu. We find that family and its social organization, in particular kinship and marriage ties, brokered by senior women, are significant factors in facilitating successful migration. Recognizing women’s contributions to the sector, both direct and through their social reproductive and networking activities, invisible in both the larger maritime literature and production-centric fisheries’ policy-making, is crucial for achieving wellbeing and sustainability outcomes.
Wood, Melissa; Haigh, Ivan D.; Le, Quan Quan; Nguyen, Hung Nghia; Tran, Hoang Ba; Darby, Stephen E.; Marsh, Robert; Skliris, Nikolaos; Hirschi, Joël J. -M.; Nicholls, Robert J.; Bloemendaal, Nadia
Climate-induced storminess forces major increases in future storm surge hazard in the South China Sea region Journal Article
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 2475–2504, 2023, ISSN: 1561-8633, (Financial information: This work was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/S003150/1) and, in Vietnam, by the National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED-RCUK) fund and the Ministry of Science and Technology (Mekong River project, code DTDL-48/18). Nadia Bloemendaal was funded by a VICI grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research 569 (NWO grant no. 453-13-006) and the ERC Advanced Grant (COASTMOVE (grant no. 884442)).).
@article{b8463fd874ff4bd1b39bfe3304715d47,
title = {Climate-induced storminess forces major increases in future storm surge hazard in the South China Sea region},
author = {Melissa Wood and Ivan D. Haigh and Quan Quan Le and Hung Nghia Nguyen and Hoang Ba Tran and Stephen E. Darby and Robert Marsh and Nikolaos Skliris and Joël J. -M. Hirschi and Robert J. Nicholls and Nadia Bloemendaal},
doi = {10.5194/nhess-23-2475-2023},
issn = {1561-8633},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-13},
journal = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {7},
pages = {2475–2504},
abstract = {Coastal floods, driven by extreme sea levels, are one of the most dangerous natural hazards. The people at highest risk are those living in low-lying coastal areas exposed to tropical-cyclone-forced storm surges. Here we apply a novel modelling framework to estimate past and/or present and future storm-surge-level and extreme-sea-level probabilities along the coastlines of southern China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, and Malaysia. A regional hydrodynamic model is configured to simulate 10 000 years of synthetic tropical cyclone activity, representative of a past/present (1980–2017) and high-emission-scenario future (2015–2050) period. Results show that extreme storm surges, and therefore total water levels, will increase substantially in the coming decades, driven by an increase in the frequency of intense tropical cyclones. Storm surges along the southern Chinese and northern and southern Vietnamese coastlines increase by up to 1 m, significantly larger than expected changes in mean sea-level rise over the same period. The length of coastline that is presently exposed to storm surge levels of 2.5 m or greater will more than double by 2050. Sections of Cambodian, Thai, and Malaysian coastlines are projected to experience storm surges (at higher return periods) in the future, not previously seen, due to a southward shift in tropical cyclone tracks. Given these findings, coastal flood management and adaptation in these areas should be reviewed for their resilience against future extreme sea levels.},
note = {Financial information: This work was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/S003150/1) and, in Vietnam, by the National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED-RCUK) fund and the Ministry of Science and Technology (Mekong River project, code DTDL-48/18). Nadia Bloemendaal was funded by a VICI grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research 569 (NWO grant no. 453-13-006) and the ERC Advanced Grant (COASTMOVE (grant no. 884442)).},
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Coastal floods, driven by extreme sea levels, are one of the most dangerous natural hazards. The people at highest risk are those living in low-lying coastal areas exposed to tropical-cyclone-forced storm surges. Here we apply a novel modelling framework to estimate past and/or present and future storm-surge-level and extreme-sea-level probabilities along the coastlines of southern China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, and Malaysia. A regional hydrodynamic model is configured to simulate 10 000 years of synthetic tropical cyclone activity, representative of a past/present (1980–2017) and high-emission-scenario future (2015–2050) period. Results show that extreme storm surges, and therefore total water levels, will increase substantially in the coming decades, driven by an increase in the frequency of intense tropical cyclones. Storm surges along the southern Chinese and northern and southern Vietnamese coastlines increase by up to 1 m, significantly larger than expected changes in mean sea-level rise over the same period. The length of coastline that is presently exposed to storm surge levels of 2.5 m or greater will more than double by 2050. Sections of Cambodian, Thai, and Malaysian coastlines are projected to experience storm surges (at higher return periods) in the future, not previously seen, due to a southward shift in tropical cyclone tracks. Given these findings, coastal flood management and adaptation in these areas should be reviewed for their resilience against future extreme sea levels.
Nowack, Peer; Ceppi, Paulo; Davis, Sean; Chiodo, Gabriel; Ball, Will; Diallo, Mohamadou; Hassler, Birgit; Jia, Yue; Keeble, James; Joshi, Manoj
Response of stratospheric water vapour to warming constrained by satellite observations Journal Article
In: Nature Geoscience, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 577–583, 2023, ISSN: 1752-0894, (This paper is dedicated to the authors' coauthor, colleague and friend Will Ball, who passed away in April 2022. He brought this group together, ultimately resulting in this publication. Funding Information: P.N. and P.C. were supported through Imperial College Research Fellowships and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grant number NE/V012045/1. P.C. was additionally supported by NERC grant NE/T006250/1. G.C. was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation through the Ambizione grant number PZ00P2_180043. M.A.D. was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), individual research grant number DI2618/1-1. B.H. was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) Synergy grant ‘Understanding and modelling the Earth System with Machine Learning (USMILE)’ under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement number 855187) and by the Helmholtz Society project ‘Advanced Earth System Model Evaluation for CMIP’ (EVal4CMIP). J.K. was supported by the UK Met Office CSSP-China programme through the POzSUM project and by the NERC-funded InHALE project (NE/X003574/1). P.N. used JASMIN, the UK collaborative data analysis facility, and the High Performance Computing Cluster supported by the Research and Specialist Computing Support service at the University of East Anglia. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), which through its Working Group on Coupled Modeling, coordinated and promoted CMIP6. Acknowledgements: The authors thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output, the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) for archiving the data and providing access and the funding agencies that support CMIP6 and ESGF.).
@article{2711f7bc95ed400baad89f9d8a060a96,
title = {Response of stratospheric water vapour to warming constrained by satellite observations},
author = {Peer Nowack and Paulo Ceppi and Sean Davis and Gabriel Chiodo and Will Ball and Mohamadou Diallo and Birgit Hassler and Yue Jia and James Keeble and Manoj Joshi},
doi = {10.1038/s41561-023-01183-6},
issn = {1752-0894},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-01},
journal = {Nature Geoscience},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {577–583},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
abstract = {Future increases in stratospheric water vapour risk amplifying climate change and slowing down the recovery of the ozone layer. However, state-of-the-art climate models strongly disagree on the magnitude of these increases under global warming. Uncertainty primarily arises from the complex processes leading to dehydration of air during its tropical ascent into the stratosphere. Here we derive an observational constraint on this longstanding uncertainty. We use a statistical learning approach to infer historical co-variations between the atmospheric temperature structure and tropical lower stratospheric water vapour concentrations. For climate models, we demonstrate that these historically constrained relationships are highly predictive of the water vapour response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. We obtain an observationally constrained range for stratospheric water vapour changes per degree of global warming of 0.31 +/- 0.39~ppmv/K. Across 61 climate models, we find that a large fraction of future model projections are inconsistent with observational evidence. In particular, frequently projected strong increases (>1 ppmv/K) are highly unlikely. Our constraint represents a 50% decrease in the 95th percentile of the climate model uncertainty distribution, which has implications for surface warming, ozone recovery, and the tropospheric circulation response under climate change.},
note = {This paper is dedicated to the authors' coauthor, colleague and friend Will Ball, who passed away in April 2022. He brought this group together, ultimately resulting in this publication. Funding Information: P.N. and P.C. were supported through Imperial College Research Fellowships and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grant number NE/V012045/1. P.C. was additionally supported by NERC grant NE/T006250/1. G.C. was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation through the Ambizione grant number PZ00P2_180043. M.A.D. was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), individual research grant number DI2618/1-1. B.H. was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) Synergy grant ‘Understanding and modelling the Earth System with Machine Learning (USMILE)’ under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement number 855187) and by the Helmholtz Society project ‘Advanced Earth System Model Evaluation for CMIP’ (EVal4CMIP). J.K. was supported by the UK Met Office CSSP-China programme through the POzSUM project and by the NERC-funded InHALE project (NE/X003574/1). P.N. used JASMIN, the UK collaborative data analysis facility, and the High Performance Computing Cluster supported by the Research and Specialist Computing Support service at the University of East Anglia. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), which through its Working Group on Coupled Modeling, coordinated and promoted CMIP6. Acknowledgements: The authors thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output, the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) for archiving the data and providing access and the funding agencies that support CMIP6 and ESGF.},
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Future increases in stratospheric water vapour risk amplifying climate change and slowing down the recovery of the ozone layer. However, state-of-the-art climate models strongly disagree on the magnitude of these increases under global warming. Uncertainty primarily arises from the complex processes leading to dehydration of air during its tropical ascent into the stratosphere. Here we derive an observational constraint on this longstanding uncertainty. We use a statistical learning approach to infer historical co-variations between the atmospheric temperature structure and tropical lower stratospheric water vapour concentrations. For climate models, we demonstrate that these historically constrained relationships are highly predictive of the water vapour response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. We obtain an observationally constrained range for stratospheric water vapour changes per degree of global warming of 0.31 +/- 0.39~ppmv/K. Across 61 climate models, we find that a large fraction of future model projections are inconsistent with observational evidence. In particular, frequently projected strong increases (>1 ppmv/K) are highly unlikely. Our constraint represents a 50% decrease in the 95th percentile of the climate model uncertainty distribution, which has implications for surface warming, ozone recovery, and the tropospheric circulation response under climate change.
D'Exelle, Ben; Verschoor, Arjan
Village networks and entrepreneurial farming in Uganda Journal Article
In: World Development, vol. 167, 2023, ISSN: 0305-750X.
@article{81a293bd4f9b45b0a3fdcf97d423faad,
title = {Village networks and entrepreneurial farming in Uganda},
author = {Ben D'Exelle and Arjan Verschoor},
doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106241},
issn = {0305-750X},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-01},
journal = {World Development},
volume = {167},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The transition from semi-subsistence farming to more entrepreneurial farming by the adoption of new crops or improved seeds is important for poverty reduction in developing countries. In rural societies, farmers’ propensity to experiment with new technologies is influenced by their access to information and support, provided by networks of friends and relatives. Considering that the same connection can share both information and support, we study the separate effects as well as the interaction of both network functions. Using two waves of data from a sample of Ugandan farmers, we find that the propensity to adopt new crops or improved seeds increases with the number of friends or relatives who adopted new crops or improved seeds before. The effect on the adoption of new crops is stronger if the same friends or relatives also provide support in the form of gifts or loans. At the same time, we find a positive effect of support that is conditional on friends or relatives having adopted new crops before.},
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The transition from semi-subsistence farming to more entrepreneurial farming by the adoption of new crops or improved seeds is important for poverty reduction in developing countries. In rural societies, farmers’ propensity to experiment with new technologies is influenced by their access to information and support, provided by networks of friends and relatives. Considering that the same connection can share both information and support, we study the separate effects as well as the interaction of both network functions. Using two waves of data from a sample of Ugandan farmers, we find that the propensity to adopt new crops or improved seeds increases with the number of friends or relatives who adopted new crops or improved seeds before. The effect on the adoption of new crops is stronger if the same friends or relatives also provide support in the form of gifts or loans. At the same time, we find a positive effect of support that is conditional on friends or relatives having adopted new crops before.
Mar, Kathleen A.; Schäpke, Niko; Fraude, Carolin; Bruhn, Thomas; Wamsler, Christine; Stasiak, Dorota; Schroeder, Heike; Lawrence, Mark G.
Learning and community building in support of collective action: Toward a new climate of communication at the COP Journal Article
In: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, vol. 14, no. 4, 2023, ISSN: 1757-7780, (Research Funding: Chalmers Energy Area of Advance; Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF); Ministry for Science, Research and Culture of the State of Brandenburg (MWFK); Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas. Grant Numbers: 2019-00390, 2019-01969).
@article{2f883e4c98f94db4a0f6a4cedb2dd59d,
title = {Learning and community building in support of collective action: Toward a new climate of communication at the COP},
author = {Kathleen A. Mar and Niko Schäpke and Carolin Fraude and Thomas Bruhn and Christine Wamsler and Dorota Stasiak and Heike Schroeder and Mark G. Lawrence},
doi = {10.1002/wcc.832},
issn = {1757-7780},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-01},
journal = {Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {The international UN Climate Change conferences known as “Conferences of the Parties (COPs)” have an enormous convening power and are attended annually by tens of thousands of actors working on climate change topics from a wide range of perspectives. In the COP spaces outside of the formal negotiations, the communication culture is dominated by “side events,” a format that relies heavily on conventional presentations and panels that can be informative, but is generally not conducive to mutual engagement, reflection, or dialogue. There is an urgent need for new dialogue formats that can better foster learning and community-building and thereby harness the enormous latent potential for climate action represented by the diverse stakeholders that gather at the COP. Against this backdrop, and drawing on our experience with the development and implementation of the Co-Creative Reflection and Dialogue Spaces at COP25, COP26, and COP27, we make recommendations for further developing the communication culture of the COPs. At the level of individual sessions, we provide recommendations for designing participatory dialogues that can better support reflection, interconnection, and action orientation. In addition, we offer guidance for scaling up these practices, for instance through networks and communities of practice to support a shift of the overall communication culture of the COPs. Our recommendations focus on interactions and exchanges that unfold outside of the formal negotiation sessions, with a view toward enabling and accelerating transformative action by non-state actors.},
note = {Research Funding: Chalmers Energy Area of Advance; Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF); Ministry for Science, Research and Culture of the State of Brandenburg (MWFK); Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas. Grant Numbers: 2019-00390, 2019-01969},
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The international UN Climate Change conferences known as “Conferences of the Parties (COPs)” have an enormous convening power and are attended annually by tens of thousands of actors working on climate change topics from a wide range of perspectives. In the COP spaces outside of the formal negotiations, the communication culture is dominated by “side events,” a format that relies heavily on conventional presentations and panels that can be informative, but is generally not conducive to mutual engagement, reflection, or dialogue. There is an urgent need for new dialogue formats that can better foster learning and community-building and thereby harness the enormous latent potential for climate action represented by the diverse stakeholders that gather at the COP. Against this backdrop, and drawing on our experience with the development and implementation of the Co-Creative Reflection and Dialogue Spaces at COP25, COP26, and COP27, we make recommendations for further developing the communication culture of the COPs. At the level of individual sessions, we provide recommendations for designing participatory dialogues that can better support reflection, interconnection, and action orientation. In addition, we offer guidance for scaling up these practices, for instance through networks and communities of practice to support a shift of the overall communication culture of the COPs. Our recommendations focus on interactions and exchanges that unfold outside of the formal negotiation sessions, with a view toward enabling and accelerating transformative action by non-state actors.
Lees, Kirsten J.; Carmenta, Rachel; Condliffe, Ian; Gray, Anne; Marquis, Lyndon; Lenton, Timothy M.
Protecting peatlands requires understanding stakeholder perceptions and relational values: A case study of peatlands in the Yorkshire Dales Journal Article
In: AMBIO, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 1282–1296, 2023, ISSN: 0044-7447, (Funding Information: This project was funded by a University of Exeter Engaged Research Exploratory Award 2020 and by Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2018-046).).
@article{b6af32bbb8944c8692ad7f9e6f9b459f,
title = {Protecting peatlands requires understanding stakeholder perceptions and relational values: A case study of peatlands in the Yorkshire Dales},
author = {Kirsten J. Lees and Rachel Carmenta and Ian Condliffe and Anne Gray and Lyndon Marquis and Timothy M. Lenton},
doi = {10.1007/s13280-023-01850-3},
issn = {0044-7447},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-01},
journal = {AMBIO},
volume = {52},
number = {7},
pages = {1282–1296},
publisher = {Allen Press Inc.},
abstract = {Sustainable peatland management is a global environmental governance challenge given peat’s carbon storage. Peatlands worldwide are sites of contested demands between stakeholders with distinct management priorities. In the United Kingdom, peatland management is a focus of political interest for nature-based solutions (NBS), causing tensions with land managers who feel their traditional knowledge is undervalued. Using Q-method (a semi-quantitative method for clarifying distinct viewpoints) with estate managers, gamekeepers, farmers, and employees of land-owning organisations, we explored perceptions around changing upland management in the Yorkshire Dales. Land managers hold strong values of ownership, aesthetics, and stewardship. The prospect of changing management causes fears of losing these relational values alongside instrumental values. Yorkshire Dales stakeholders agreed on NBS aims (reducing flooding, limiting wildfires, protecting wild birds), but disagreed on methods to achieve these. Our research supports engaging local stakeholders at all stages of peatland protection schemes to minimise resentment towards top-down management.},
note = {Funding Information: This project was funded by a University of Exeter Engaged Research Exploratory Award 2020 and by Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2018-046).},
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Sustainable peatland management is a global environmental governance challenge given peat’s carbon storage. Peatlands worldwide are sites of contested demands between stakeholders with distinct management priorities. In the United Kingdom, peatland management is a focus of political interest for nature-based solutions (NBS), causing tensions with land managers who feel their traditional knowledge is undervalued. Using Q-method (a semi-quantitative method for clarifying distinct viewpoints) with estate managers, gamekeepers, farmers, and employees of land-owning organisations, we explored perceptions around changing upland management in the Yorkshire Dales. Land managers hold strong values of ownership, aesthetics, and stewardship. The prospect of changing management causes fears of losing these relational values alongside instrumental values. Yorkshire Dales stakeholders agreed on NBS aims (reducing flooding, limiting wildfires, protecting wild birds), but disagreed on methods to achieve these. Our research supports engaging local stakeholders at all stages of peatland protection schemes to minimise resentment towards top-down management.
Brainard, Julii; Bunn, Diane; Watts, Laura; Killett, Anne; O'Brien, Sarah J.; Lake, Iain R.; Mumford, Suzanne; Lane, Kathleen
English care home staff morale and preparedness during the Covid pandemic: A longitudinal analysis Journal Article
In: American Journal of Infection Control, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 792–799, 2023, ISSN: 0196-6553, (Funding Information: This work was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NHIR) School for Social Care Research (SSCR, award 102645/ER/UEAKL-P178), the NHIR Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London in partnership with the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), and the National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration East of England (ARC EoE) in collaboration with the University of East Anglia. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, NIHR, SSCR, ARC EoE, UEA, UK Department of Health or UKHSA.).
@article{2bb3e8982a8441fcbd51e4fcc75cb847,
title = {English care home staff morale and preparedness during the Covid pandemic: A longitudinal analysis},
author = {Julii Brainard and Diane Bunn and Laura Watts and Anne Killett and Sarah J. O'Brien and Iain R. Lake and Suzanne Mumford and Kathleen Lane},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajic.2022.10.009},
issn = {0196-6553},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-01},
journal = {American Journal of Infection Control},
volume = {51},
number = {7},
pages = {792–799},
publisher = {Mosby Inc.},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Staff actions to prevent infection introduction and transmission in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) were key to reducing morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Implementing infection control measures (ICMs) requires training, adherence and complex decision making while trying to deliver high quality care. We surveyed LTCF staff in England about their preparedness and morale at three timepoints during the COVID-19 epidemic. METHODS: Online structured survey targeted at LTCF workers (any role) administered at three timepoints (November 2020-January 2021; August-November 2021; March-May 2022). Narrative summary of answers, narrative and statistical summary (proportionality with Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s Exact Test) of possible differences in answers between waves. RESULTS: Across all three survey waves, 387 responses were received. Morale, attitudes towards working environment and perception about colleague collaboration were mostly positive at all survey points. Infection control training was perceived as adequate. Staff felt mostly positive emotions at work. The working environment remained challenging. Masks were the single form of PPE most consistently used; eye protection the least used. Mask-wearing was linked to poorer communication and resident discomfort as well as mild negative health impacts on many staff, such as dehydration and adverse skin reactions. Hand sanitiser caused skin irritation. CONCUSIONS: Staff morale and working practices were generally good even though the working environment provided many new challenges that did not exist pre-pandemic.},
note = {Funding Information: This work was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NHIR) School for Social Care Research (SSCR, award 102645/ER/UEAKL-P178), the NHIR Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London in partnership with the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), and the National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration East of England (ARC EoE) in collaboration with the University of East Anglia. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, NIHR, SSCR, ARC EoE, UEA, UK Department of Health or UKHSA.},
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}
BACKGROUND: Staff actions to prevent infection introduction and transmission in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) were key to reducing morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Implementing infection control measures (ICMs) requires training, adherence and complex decision making while trying to deliver high quality care. We surveyed LTCF staff in England about their preparedness and morale at three timepoints during the COVID-19 epidemic. METHODS: Online structured survey targeted at LTCF workers (any role) administered at three timepoints (November 2020-January 2021; August-November 2021; March-May 2022). Narrative summary of answers, narrative and statistical summary (proportionality with Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s Exact Test) of possible differences in answers between waves. RESULTS: Across all three survey waves, 387 responses were received. Morale, attitudes towards working environment and perception about colleague collaboration were mostly positive at all survey points. Infection control training was perceived as adequate. Staff felt mostly positive emotions at work. The working environment remained challenging. Masks were the single form of PPE most consistently used; eye protection the least used. Mask-wearing was linked to poorer communication and resident discomfort as well as mild negative health impacts on many staff, such as dehydration and adverse skin reactions. Hand sanitiser caused skin irritation. CONCUSIONS: Staff morale and working practices were generally good even though the working environment provided many new challenges that did not exist pre-pandemic.
Sevilla, Elisa; Jarrín, María José; Barragán, Karina; Jáuregui, Paulina; Sabag, Casandra; Dupeyron, Agathe; Barclay, Jenni; Armijos, Teresa; Cupuerán, María Isabel; Zapata, Camilo; Vásquez, María Antonieta; Narváez, Paúl
Envisioning the future by learning from the past: Arts and humanities in interdisciplinary tools for promoting a culture of risk Journal Article
In: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, vol. 92, 2023, ISSN: 2212-4209, (Funding Information: Elisa Sevilla reports financial support was provided by GCRF UKRI Urban Disaster Risk Hub through the University of Edinburgh and by GCRF UKRI QR.).
@article{ec83733b01c04f45b4d674ee21b632a9,
title = {Envisioning the future by learning from the past: Arts and humanities in interdisciplinary tools for promoting a culture of risk},
author = {Elisa Sevilla and María José Jarrín and Karina Barragán and Paulina Jáuregui and Casandra Sabag and Agathe Dupeyron and Jenni Barclay and Teresa Armijos and María Isabel Cupuerán and Camilo Zapata and María Antonieta Vásquez and Paúl Narváez},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103712},
issn = {2212-4209},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-15},
journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
volume = {92},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Disaster risk is the result of complex interactions between the drivers of vulnerability such as poverty and lack of access to resources and the impacts from multiple hazards (with differing intensities and recurrence intervals). These risks are difficult to understand, quantify or convey. Historical hazard events have important potential in generating understanding of multiple potential risks. They provide historical and near-historical records of the real-life experience of relevant hazardous events and their physical, political and social consequences in physically familiar terrain. In this paper, we explore the use of historical research, memory, and emotion in developing conversations around the complexities of multi-hazard risk in urban settings through co-produced interdisciplinary museum exhibits and an educational transmedia platform in Quito, Ecuador. We argue that the opportunity for impact in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) arrives by targeting DRR education from an interdisciplinary perspective, with a narrative that draws on history and memory, and that uses art to address emotions and to communicate and visualise two sometimes overlooked but essential dimensions in DRR education: 1) understanding the risk drivers that turn hazardous events into disasters, and 2) building the capacity of communities to imagine future scenarios that reduce risk and create open and participatory processes of risk-sensitive urban planning as proposed by the Tomorrow's Cities Decision Support Environment (TCDSE).},
note = {Funding Information: Elisa Sevilla reports financial support was provided by GCRF UKRI Urban Disaster Risk Hub through the University of Edinburgh and by GCRF UKRI QR.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Disaster risk is the result of complex interactions between the drivers of vulnerability such as poverty and lack of access to resources and the impacts from multiple hazards (with differing intensities and recurrence intervals). These risks are difficult to understand, quantify or convey. Historical hazard events have important potential in generating understanding of multiple potential risks. They provide historical and near-historical records of the real-life experience of relevant hazardous events and their physical, political and social consequences in physically familiar terrain. In this paper, we explore the use of historical research, memory, and emotion in developing conversations around the complexities of multi-hazard risk in urban settings through co-produced interdisciplinary museum exhibits and an educational transmedia platform in Quito, Ecuador. We argue that the opportunity for impact in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) arrives by targeting DRR education from an interdisciplinary perspective, with a narrative that draws on history and memory, and that uses art to address emotions and to communicate and visualise two sometimes overlooked but essential dimensions in DRR education: 1) understanding the risk drivers that turn hazardous events into disasters, and 2) building the capacity of communities to imagine future scenarios that reduce risk and create open and participatory processes of risk-sensitive urban planning as proposed by the Tomorrow's Cities Decision Support Environment (TCDSE).
Fernandez, Iokine Rodriguez; Inturias, Mirna; Masay, Elmar; Peña, Anacleto
In: Environmental Science & Policy, vol. 147, pp. 103–115, 2023, ISSN: 1462-9011, (Funding Information: This manuscript was made possible thanks to the support of the Global Challenges Research Fund of the UKRI (UK Research and Innovation), who supported the INDIS (Indigenous Interaction for Sustainable Development) Project (No. INDIS I206041), carried out in conjunction between the University of East Anglia, NUR University and CICOL. The Photovoice Project also receive support from the National Geographic Young Explorers program and the GIZ program of the German Cooperation Agency.).
@article{1001bfde779d4f0597f0f45876c0f15d,
title = {Decolonizing wildfire risk management: indigenous responses to fire criminalization policies and increasingly flammable forest landscapes in Lomerío, Bolivia},
author = {Iokine Rodriguez Fernandez and Mirna Inturias and Elmar Masay and Anacleto Peña},
doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2023.06.005},
issn = {1462-9011},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-15},
journal = {Environmental Science & Policy},
volume = {147},
pages = {103–115},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Drawing on decolonial thought, this article provides a perspective on local indigenous knowledge and governance systems as a resource for informing wildfire risk policy approaches and collaborative environmental security. In 2019, the Indigenous Territory of Lomerío in Bolivia was heavily affected by wildfires, due to a combination of fires that penetrated the territory from outside and others that spread from inside. As result, the Bolivian Forest Management Agency (ABT) started threatening indigenous people with criminal action for using fire in their livelihood practices. In response, in 2020 and with the support of several institutions, the Union of Indigenous Communities of Lomerío (CICOL) initiated a series of activities to ensure local control of wildfire risk management in the territory. These include a written burning protocol, a fire monitoring programme, water basin and forest conservation policies, participatory research conducted by indigenous researchers about the use of fire in Lomerío and cultural revitalization strategies. The article presents the results of these different strategies and their contributions to creating awareness of appropriate regulations for wildfire risk management by national authorities from the perspective of the Monkoxɨ indigenous people.},
note = {Funding Information: This manuscript was made possible thanks to the support of the Global Challenges Research Fund of the UKRI (UK Research and Innovation), who supported the INDIS (Indigenous Interaction for Sustainable Development) Project (No. INDIS I206041), carried out in conjunction between the University of East Anglia, NUR University and CICOL. The Photovoice Project also receive support from the National Geographic Young Explorers program and the GIZ program of the German Cooperation Agency.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Drawing on decolonial thought, this article provides a perspective on local indigenous knowledge and governance systems as a resource for informing wildfire risk policy approaches and collaborative environmental security. In 2019, the Indigenous Territory of Lomerío in Bolivia was heavily affected by wildfires, due to a combination of fires that penetrated the territory from outside and others that spread from inside. As result, the Bolivian Forest Management Agency (ABT) started threatening indigenous people with criminal action for using fire in their livelihood practices. In response, in 2020 and with the support of several institutions, the Union of Indigenous Communities of Lomerío (CICOL) initiated a series of activities to ensure local control of wildfire risk management in the territory. These include a written burning protocol, a fire monitoring programme, water basin and forest conservation policies, participatory research conducted by indigenous researchers about the use of fire in Lomerío and cultural revitalization strategies. The article presents the results of these different strategies and their contributions to creating awareness of appropriate regulations for wildfire risk management by national authorities from the perspective of the Monkoxɨ indigenous people.
Few, Roger; Ranjit, Nihal; Nalla, Vineetha; Jain, Garima; Tebboth, Mark G. L.; Singh, Chandni; Chhotray, Vasudha; Marsh, Hazel
‘We are not in the same boat’: Representations of disaster and recovery in India Journal Article
In: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, vol. 92, 2023, ISSN: 2212-4209, (Author acknowledgements: We owe special thanks to the disaster-affected people and other stakeholders in Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India who shared with us their testimonies and perspectives. We also gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Mythili Madhavan, Jasmitha Arvind, NC Narayanan and Kaniska Singh to the case study research work. Funding information: This paper was produced under the project ‘Recovery with Dignity’, funded by the British Academy's GCRF Sustainable Development Programme [award number SDP2100257]. It also draws directly on the UEA GCRF QR project ‘Voices after Disaster: narratives and representation following the Kerala floods of August 2018’ [RR0219-6], and indirectly on multiple research projects on disaster risk and recovery undertaken in different countries by the writing team. Data availability: Data will be made available on request.).
@article{65b58234b31b49c3aefb00cef1c73bf6,
title = {‘We are not in the same boat’: Representations of disaster and recovery in India},
author = {Roger Few and Nihal Ranjit and Vineetha Nalla and Garima Jain and Mark G. L. Tebboth and Chandni Singh and Vasudha Chhotray and Hazel Marsh},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103709},
issn = {2212-4209},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-15},
journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
volume = {92},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {‘Representations’ of recovery refer to the creation, circulation, reinforcement and subversion of ideas about what should be done in the months and years after a hazard has struck. The research reported in this paper outlines how contrasting and, in some cases, openly contested narratives can emerge in society around the nature and causes of the event, the impacts and needs of the affected population, and the priorities and effectiveness of recovery processes. We worked in three states in India – Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Kerala – collecting and collating a range of information on ideas, experiences and debates about disaster recovery from people in disaster-affected communities, from governmental and non-governmental organisations, from reports in the media, from academic studies and from official documentation. These related to major hazard events over the last two decades as well as recent events that hit the states prior to or during the course of the research. Though there is much variation between disaster cases in the pattern of representations by different actors, there are some discernible elements that do tend to work together to generate an effect on outcomes, often in ways that not only side-line livelihood and wellbeing priorities of disaster-affected people but also sometimes downplay or even negate the needs and rights of specific social groups. Managing disaster recovery is a hugely challenging task. However, it is not well served if the ways in which impacts and recovery needs are articulated lead to the effective exclusion of certain sectors, social groups, needs and concerns from full consideration, or to the blocking of alternative perspectives such as proactive approaches to future risk reduction. Key in this, we maintain, is the need to shift representations of recovery to better match the needs and voices of those most affected.},
note = {Author acknowledgements: We owe special thanks to the disaster-affected people and other stakeholders in Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India who shared with us their testimonies and perspectives. We also gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Mythili Madhavan, Jasmitha Arvind, NC Narayanan and Kaniska Singh to the case study research work. Funding information: This paper was produced under the project ‘Recovery with Dignity’, funded by the British Academy's GCRF Sustainable Development Programme [award number SDP2100257]. It also draws directly on the UEA GCRF QR project ‘Voices after Disaster: narratives and representation following the Kerala floods of August 2018’ [RR0219-6], and indirectly on multiple research projects on disaster risk and recovery undertaken in different countries by the writing team. Data availability: Data will be made available on request.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
‘Representations’ of recovery refer to the creation, circulation, reinforcement and subversion of ideas about what should be done in the months and years after a hazard has struck. The research reported in this paper outlines how contrasting and, in some cases, openly contested narratives can emerge in society around the nature and causes of the event, the impacts and needs of the affected population, and the priorities and effectiveness of recovery processes. We worked in three states in India – Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Kerala – collecting and collating a range of information on ideas, experiences and debates about disaster recovery from people in disaster-affected communities, from governmental and non-governmental organisations, from reports in the media, from academic studies and from official documentation. These related to major hazard events over the last two decades as well as recent events that hit the states prior to or during the course of the research. Though there is much variation between disaster cases in the pattern of representations by different actors, there are some discernible elements that do tend to work together to generate an effect on outcomes, often in ways that not only side-line livelihood and wellbeing priorities of disaster-affected people but also sometimes downplay or even negate the needs and rights of specific social groups. Managing disaster recovery is a hugely challenging task. However, it is not well served if the ways in which impacts and recovery needs are articulated lead to the effective exclusion of certain sectors, social groups, needs and concerns from full consideration, or to the blocking of alternative perspectives such as proactive approaches to future risk reduction. Key in this, we maintain, is the need to shift representations of recovery to better match the needs and voices of those most affected.
Senior, Natasha V.; Matthews, Adrian J.; Webber, Benjamin G. M.; Webster, Stuart; Jones, Richard W.; Permana, Donaldi S.; Paski, Jaka A. I.; Fadila, Riska
Extreme precipitation at Padang, Sumatra triggered by convectively coupled Kelvin waves Journal Article
In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2023, ISSN: 0035-9009.
@article{848c6874712242239ecfdd4e09639833,
title = {Extreme precipitation at Padang, Sumatra triggered by convectively coupled Kelvin waves},
author = {Natasha V. Senior and Adrian J. Matthews and Benjamin G. M. Webber and Stuart Webster and Richard W. Jones and Donaldi S. Permana and Jaka A. I. Paski and Riska Fadila},
doi = {10.1002/qj.4506},
issn = {0035-9009},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-13},
journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {Convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs) are tropical weather systems that travel eastward along the equatorial waveguide and have been previously linked to 90% of flooding events in Sumatra, Indonesia. Here, the processes through which CCKWs influence convection to produce extreme precipitation are investigated, with a focus on Padang, a city on the west coast of Sumatra. Extreme precipitation days at Padang, defined as days when the daily total precipitation exceeds the 95th percentile, are found to be 59% more likely to occur given the presence of a CCKW. We find that CCKWs modulate the diurnal cycle to produce extreme precipitation. This is achieved through firstly providing low-level moisture and convergence that acts to couple the Kelvin wave to the convection. Secondly the CCKW acts to displace the convergence zone towards Padang such that it experiences rainfall that persists throughout the night and peaks the following day in the early afternoon. We examine case study of a CCKW that passed over Padang on 21st August 2017 bringing extreme precipitation that led to flooding in the West Sumatra region, recording a maximum daily accumulated rainfall of 137 mm. This case study showed remarkably similar characteristics in its propagation, structure and precipitation patterns to composite studies of CCKWs. The performance of a suite of convection-permitting configurations of the UK Met Office Unified Model (MetUM), embedded within a parameterised convection global model, in forecasting this CCKW is evaluated. In general all configurations of the model capture this event reasonably well. We find that extending the western boundary of the high-resolution model domain from 90E to 65E leads to a significantly improved forecast, as the CCKW development over the Indian Ocean is captured more accurately by the high-resolution nested model, compared with the lower-resolution global driving model.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs) are tropical weather systems that travel eastward along the equatorial waveguide and have been previously linked to 90% of flooding events in Sumatra, Indonesia. Here, the processes through which CCKWs influence convection to produce extreme precipitation are investigated, with a focus on Padang, a city on the west coast of Sumatra. Extreme precipitation days at Padang, defined as days when the daily total precipitation exceeds the 95th percentile, are found to be 59% more likely to occur given the presence of a CCKW. We find that CCKWs modulate the diurnal cycle to produce extreme precipitation. This is achieved through firstly providing low-level moisture and convergence that acts to couple the Kelvin wave to the convection. Secondly the CCKW acts to displace the convergence zone towards Padang such that it experiences rainfall that persists throughout the night and peaks the following day in the early afternoon. We examine case study of a CCKW that passed over Padang on 21st August 2017 bringing extreme precipitation that led to flooding in the West Sumatra region, recording a maximum daily accumulated rainfall of 137 mm. This case study showed remarkably similar characteristics in its propagation, structure and precipitation patterns to composite studies of CCKWs. The performance of a suite of convection-permitting configurations of the UK Met Office Unified Model (MetUM), embedded within a parameterised convection global model, in forecasting this CCKW is evaluated. In general all configurations of the model capture this event reasonably well. We find that extending the western boundary of the high-resolution model domain from 90E to 65E leads to a significantly improved forecast, as the CCKW development over the Indian Ocean is captured more accurately by the high-resolution nested model, compared with the lower-resolution global driving model.
Ng, Julia Su Chen; Chevier, Colas; Roda, Jean-Marc; Samdin, Zaiton; Carmenta, Rachel
Understanding stakeholders’ perspectives on the collaborative governance challenges in Sabah’s (Malaysian Borneo) jurisdictional approach Journal Article
In: Journal of Development Studies, 2023, ISSN: 0022-0388.
@article{207fe5701af843378a8268262d9f4a2a,
title = {Understanding stakeholders’ perspectives on the collaborative governance challenges in Sabah’s (Malaysian Borneo) jurisdictional approach},
author = {Julia Su Chen Ng and Colas Chevier and Jean-Marc Roda and Zaiton Samdin and Rachel Carmenta},
doi = {10.1080/00220388.2023.2222212},
issn = {0022-0388},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-11},
journal = {Journal of Development Studies},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {Collaborative governance is increasingly being used as a solution to address climate change and deforestation in the tropics, but its stakeholders face numerous challenges in making it work. This study aims to understand stakeholders’ perspectives on the challenges of collaborative governance, focusing on Sabah’s jurisdictional approach. We applied the Q-methodology to derive the perspectives of the stakeholders involved. The results revealed three significant perspectives. The first perspective, “participant factors,” highlighted that the representation of the ‘right’ stakeholders and the mandate to make decisions are inadequate. The second perspective, “non-progress in activities,” suggests that the lack of accountability hampers the progress of the initiative. The third perspective, “shared understanding,” reflects the stakeholders’ inability to agree on a common goal. The consensus regarding the collaboration challenge is that the jurisdictional approach initiative is new, and nobody knows how to implement it, emphasizing the need for higher-level government commitment. This study reveals the challenges of collaborative governance in a jurisdictional approach by providing empirical evidence of the diverse perspectives of stakeholders.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collaborative governance is increasingly being used as a solution to address climate change and deforestation in the tropics, but its stakeholders face numerous challenges in making it work. This study aims to understand stakeholders’ perspectives on the challenges of collaborative governance, focusing on Sabah’s jurisdictional approach. We applied the Q-methodology to derive the perspectives of the stakeholders involved. The results revealed three significant perspectives. The first perspective, “participant factors,” highlighted that the representation of the ‘right’ stakeholders and the mandate to make decisions are inadequate. The second perspective, “non-progress in activities,” suggests that the lack of accountability hampers the progress of the initiative. The third perspective, “shared understanding,” reflects the stakeholders’ inability to agree on a common goal. The consensus regarding the collaboration challenge is that the jurisdictional approach initiative is new, and nobody knows how to implement it, emphasizing the need for higher-level government commitment. This study reveals the challenges of collaborative governance in a jurisdictional approach by providing empirical evidence of the diverse perspectives of stakeholders.
Waeber, Patrick O.; Carmenta, Rachel; Carmona, Natalia Estrada; Garcia, Claude A.; Falk, Thomas; Fellay, Abigail; Ghazoul, Jabory; Reed, James; Willemen, Louise; Zhang, Wei; Kleinschroth, Fritz
Structuring the complexity of integrated landscape approaches into selectable, scalable, and measurable attributes Journal Article
In: Environmental Science & Policy, vol. 147, pp. 67–77, 2023, ISSN: 1462-9011, (Funding information: This study received financial support from the CGIAR research program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE).).
@article{9e7ad5a013914764bc62da962a2bf951,
title = {Structuring the complexity of integrated landscape approaches into selectable, scalable, and measurable attributes},
author = {Patrick O. Waeber and Rachel Carmenta and Natalia Estrada Carmona and Claude A. Garcia and Thomas Falk and Abigail Fellay and Jabory Ghazoul and James Reed and Louise Willemen and Wei Zhang and Fritz Kleinschroth},
doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2023.06.003},
issn = {1462-9011},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-10},
journal = {Environmental Science & Policy},
volume = {147},
pages = {67–77},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Integrated landscape approaches (ILA) aim to reconcile multiple, often competing, interests across agriculture, nature conservation, and other land uses. Recognized ILA design principles provide guidance for implementation, yet application remains challenging, and a strong performance evidence-base is yet to be formed. Through a critical literature review and focus group discussions with practitioners, we identified considerable diversity of ILA in actors, temporal, and spatial scales, inter alia. This diversity hampers learning from and steering ILA because of the intractable nature of the concept. Therefore, we developed a tool—an ‘ILA mixing board’—to structure the complexity of ILA into selectable and scalable attributes in a replicable way to allow planning, diagnosing, and comparing ILA. The ILA mixing board tool presents seven qualifiers, each representing a key attribute of ILA design and performance (for example, project flexibility, inclusiveness of the dialogue, and the centrality of the power distribution). Each qualifier has five (non-normative) outcome indicators that can be registered as present or absent. This process in turn guides planners, evaluators and other participating stakeholders involved in landscape management to diagnose the ILA type, or its performance. We apply the ILA mixing board to three ILA cases in Nicaragua, Madagascar, and the Congo Basin to show some of the many possible configurations of qualifiers on the mixing board. Further application of the tool would allow comparative analysis of the complexity of ILA in a structured and manageable way thereby enhancing the understanding of ILA performance and informing the development of evidence-based land use policy.},
note = {Funding information: This study received financial support from the CGIAR research program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Integrated landscape approaches (ILA) aim to reconcile multiple, often competing, interests across agriculture, nature conservation, and other land uses. Recognized ILA design principles provide guidance for implementation, yet application remains challenging, and a strong performance evidence-base is yet to be formed. Through a critical literature review and focus group discussions with practitioners, we identified considerable diversity of ILA in actors, temporal, and spatial scales, inter alia. This diversity hampers learning from and steering ILA because of the intractable nature of the concept. Therefore, we developed a tool—an ‘ILA mixing board’—to structure the complexity of ILA into selectable and scalable attributes in a replicable way to allow planning, diagnosing, and comparing ILA. The ILA mixing board tool presents seven qualifiers, each representing a key attribute of ILA design and performance (for example, project flexibility, inclusiveness of the dialogue, and the centrality of the power distribution). Each qualifier has five (non-normative) outcome indicators that can be registered as present or absent. This process in turn guides planners, evaluators and other participating stakeholders involved in landscape management to diagnose the ILA type, or its performance. We apply the ILA mixing board to three ILA cases in Nicaragua, Madagascar, and the Congo Basin to show some of the many possible configurations of qualifiers on the mixing board. Further application of the tool would allow comparative analysis of the complexity of ILA in a structured and manageable way thereby enhancing the understanding of ILA performance and informing the development of evidence-based land use policy.
Emogor, Charles A.; Zabala, Aiora; Adaje, Patience Onyeche; Clark, Douglas; Nielsen, Kristian Steensen; Carmenta, Rachel
Stakeholder preferences for pangolin conservation interventions in south-east Nigeria Journal Article
In: People and Nature, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1010–1026, 2023, ISSN: 2575-8314, (Funding Information: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Grant Number: OPP1144; British High Commission in Nigeria. Grant Number: INT 2021/NIA C19 01; Wildlife Conservation Network; Wildlife Conservation Society).
@article{c0586f8034cd43fd9cfe0e29323ca817,
title = {Stakeholder preferences for pangolin conservation interventions in south-east Nigeria},
author = {Charles A. Emogor and Aiora Zabala and Patience Onyeche Adaje and Douglas Clark and Kristian Steensen Nielsen and Rachel Carmenta},
doi = {10.1002/pan3.10477},
issn = {2575-8314},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
journal = {People and Nature},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {1010–1026},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {The overexploitation of biological resources severely threatens many species, requiring urgent and effective conservation interventions. Such interventions sometimes require governance structures that incorporate pluralist perspectives and collaborative decision-making, especially in complex, multi-faceted and multi-scale issues like the illegal trade in pangolins. We used Q-methodology to provide evidence to inform interventions for pangolin conservation in south-east Nigeria. We sampled stakeholder groups associated with pangolin use and protection, including hunters, wild meat traders and Nigeria Customs Service employees, to elicit their opinion and knowledge on the use and perceptions of pangolins and their preferences for interventions to reduce pangolin decline. We found that the local consumption of pangolin meat as food is the primary driver of poaching in the region. This contradicts popular opinions that pangolins are specifically targeted for international trade, revealing an opportunity for site-level behaviour change interventions. The different stakeholder groups identified awareness-raising campaigns, law enforcement, community stewardship programs and ecotourism as preferred interventions, whose effectiveness we attempted to assess using reported case studies. We observed different perspectives between people associated with pangolin poaching and use (predominantly those living around pangolin habitats, including hunters and wild meat traders) and those working to protect them (such as conservation organisations and Nigeria Customs Service employees). For example, the first group supported community stewardship programs, while the latter preferred awareness-raising and law enforcement efforts. This divergence in perspectives underpins the need for a combination of targeted interventions at the site level to engage different stakeholders while highlighting the potential challenges to collaborative decision-making for species threatened by illegal wildlife trade. Policy implications. Our results stress the importance of targeted and context-specific conservation interventions.},
note = {Funding Information: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Grant Number: OPP1144; British High Commission in Nigeria. Grant Number: INT 2021/NIA C19 01; Wildlife Conservation Network; Wildlife Conservation Society},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The overexploitation of biological resources severely threatens many species, requiring urgent and effective conservation interventions. Such interventions sometimes require governance structures that incorporate pluralist perspectives and collaborative decision-making, especially in complex, multi-faceted and multi-scale issues like the illegal trade in pangolins. We used Q-methodology to provide evidence to inform interventions for pangolin conservation in south-east Nigeria. We sampled stakeholder groups associated with pangolin use and protection, including hunters, wild meat traders and Nigeria Customs Service employees, to elicit their opinion and knowledge on the use and perceptions of pangolins and their preferences for interventions to reduce pangolin decline. We found that the local consumption of pangolin meat as food is the primary driver of poaching in the region. This contradicts popular opinions that pangolins are specifically targeted for international trade, revealing an opportunity for site-level behaviour change interventions. The different stakeholder groups identified awareness-raising campaigns, law enforcement, community stewardship programs and ecotourism as preferred interventions, whose effectiveness we attempted to assess using reported case studies. We observed different perspectives between people associated with pangolin poaching and use (predominantly those living around pangolin habitats, including hunters and wild meat traders) and those working to protect them (such as conservation organisations and Nigeria Customs Service employees). For example, the first group supported community stewardship programs, while the latter preferred awareness-raising and law enforcement efforts. This divergence in perspectives underpins the need for a combination of targeted interventions at the site level to engage different stakeholders while highlighting the potential challenges to collaborative decision-making for species threatened by illegal wildlife trade. Policy implications. Our results stress the importance of targeted and context-specific conservation interventions.
Borghesi, Simone; Maria, Corrado Di
In: Resource and Energy Economics, vol. 73, 2023, ISSN: 0928-7655.
@article{7108b07f241248938fd8b4a566ea1d39,
title = {An environmental Decameron: Introducing the special issue on ‘Carbon pricing, energy efficiency and renewable policies for a decarbonised future’},
author = {Simone Borghesi and Corrado Di Maria},
doi = {10.1016/j.reseneeco.2023.101372},
issn = {0928-7655},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
journal = {Resource and Energy Economics},
volume = {73},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brainard, Julii; Jones, Natalia R.; Harrison, Florence C. D.; Hammer, Charlotte C.; Lake, Iain R.
Super-spreaders of novel coronaviruses that cause SARS, MERS and COVID-19: A systematic review Journal Article
In: Annals of Epidemiology, vol. 82, pp. 66–76.e6, 2023, ISSN: 1047-2797, (Funding Information: This study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King’s College London in partnership with the UK Health Security Agency (UK HSA) and collaboration with the University of East Anglia.).
@article{29db8a6e5a504c80916cbe263dd6b640,
title = {Super-spreaders of novel coronaviruses that cause SARS, MERS and COVID-19: A systematic review},
author = {Julii Brainard and Natalia R. Jones and Florence C. D. Harrison and Charlotte C. Hammer and Iain R. Lake},
doi = {10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.03.009},
issn = {1047-2797},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
journal = {Annals of Epidemiology},
volume = {82},
pages = {66–76.e6},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Purpose: Most index cases with novel coronavirus infections transmit disease to just one or two other individuals, but some individuals “super-spread”—they infect many secondary cases. Understanding common factors that super-spreaders may share could inform outbreak models, and be used to guide contact tracing during outbreaks. Methods: We searched in MEDLINE, Scopus, and preprints to identify studies about people documented as transmitting pathogens that cause SARS, MERS, or COVID-19 to at least nine other people. We extracted data to describe them by age, sex, location, occupation, activities, symptom severity, any underlying conditions, disease outcome and undertook quality assessment for outbreaks published by June 2021. Results: The most typical super-spreader was a male age 40+. Most SARS or MERS super-spreaders were very symptomatic, the super-spreading occurred in hospital settings and frequently the individual died. In contrast, COVID-19 super-spreaders often had very mild disease and most COVID-19 super-spreading happened in community settings. Conclusions: SARS and MERS super-spreaders were often symptomatic, middle- or older-age adults who had a high mortality rate. In contrast, COVID-19 super-spreaders tended to have mild disease and were any adult age. More outbreak reports should be published with anonymized but useful demographic information to improve understanding of super-spreading, super-spreaders, and the settings in which super-spreading happens.},
note = {Funding Information: This study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King’s College London in partnership with the UK Health Security Agency (UK HSA) and collaboration with the University of East Anglia.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Purpose: Most index cases with novel coronavirus infections transmit disease to just one or two other individuals, but some individuals “super-spread”—they infect many secondary cases. Understanding common factors that super-spreaders may share could inform outbreak models, and be used to guide contact tracing during outbreaks. Methods: We searched in MEDLINE, Scopus, and preprints to identify studies about people documented as transmitting pathogens that cause SARS, MERS, or COVID-19 to at least nine other people. We extracted data to describe them by age, sex, location, occupation, activities, symptom severity, any underlying conditions, disease outcome and undertook quality assessment for outbreaks published by June 2021. Results: The most typical super-spreader was a male age 40+. Most SARS or MERS super-spreaders were very symptomatic, the super-spreading occurred in hospital settings and frequently the individual died. In contrast, COVID-19 super-spreaders often had very mild disease and most COVID-19 super-spreading happened in community settings. Conclusions: SARS and MERS super-spreaders were often symptomatic, middle- or older-age adults who had a high mortality rate. In contrast, COVID-19 super-spreaders tended to have mild disease and were any adult age. More outbreak reports should be published with anonymized but useful demographic information to improve understanding of super-spreading, super-spreaders, and the settings in which super-spreading happens.
Al-Dosari, Mona; Marques, Ana; Fairbrass, Jenny
The effect of the EU’s Directive on non-financial disclosures of the oil and gas industry Journal Article
In: Accounting Forum, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 166–197, 2023, ISSN: 0155-9982.
@article{fb5578c7234545e280fb9d339a0004de,
title = {The effect of the EU’s Directive on non-financial disclosures of the oil and gas industry},
author = {Mona Al-Dosari and Ana Marques and Jenny Fairbrass},
doi = {10.1080/01559982.2023.2198179},
issn = {0155-9982},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
journal = {Accounting Forum},
volume = {47},
number = {2},
pages = {166–197},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Owing to its substantial impact on the environment, economy, and society, we choose to examine the oil and gas industry, drawing on neo-institutionalist scholarship to concentrate on the mimetic, coercive, and/or normative effects discernible in the industry’s non-financial disclosure (NFD) behaviour. Focusing on Directive 2014/95/EU, we construct scores to assess the evolution of the sector’s NFD over time and the spillover effects beyond EU large and listed firms, the latter being directly subject to the legislation. We scrutinise NFD over a decade, producing three main results. First, we find that NFD increases immediately after the directive’s publication and further increases during the implementation phase. Second, the directive has a spillover effect, sparking significantly increased NFD among non-EU firms during the implementation period. Third, the NFD level of non-EU firms is associated with the number of EU employees and the extent of EU operations of these firms, but only following the implementation of the directive. These findings have clear repercussions for firms operating both inside and outside the EU as well as implications for EU public policymakers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Owing to its substantial impact on the environment, economy, and society, we choose to examine the oil and gas industry, drawing on neo-institutionalist scholarship to concentrate on the mimetic, coercive, and/or normative effects discernible in the industry’s non-financial disclosure (NFD) behaviour. Focusing on Directive 2014/95/EU, we construct scores to assess the evolution of the sector’s NFD over time and the spillover effects beyond EU large and listed firms, the latter being directly subject to the legislation. We scrutinise NFD over a decade, producing three main results. First, we find that NFD increases immediately after the directive’s publication and further increases during the implementation phase. Second, the directive has a spillover effect, sparking significantly increased NFD among non-EU firms during the implementation period. Third, the NFD level of non-EU firms is associated with the number of EU employees and the extent of EU operations of these firms, but only following the implementation of the directive. These findings have clear repercussions for firms operating both inside and outside the EU as well as implications for EU public policymakers.
Carmenta, Rachel; Barlow, Jos; Lima, Mairon G. Bastos; Bereguer, Erika; Choiruzzad, Shofwan; Estrada-Carmona, Natalia; França, Filipe; Kallis, Giorgos; Killick, Evan; Lees, Alexander; Martin, Adrian; Pascual, Unai; Pettorelli, Nathalie; Reed, James; Rodriguez, Iokine; Steward, Angela M.; Sunderland, Terry; Vira, Bhaskar; Zaehringer, Julie G.; Hicks, Christina
Connected Conservation: Rethinking conservation for a telecoupled world Journal Article
In: Biological Conservation, vol. 282, 2023, ISSN: 0006-3207, (Acknowledgements: RC is grateful to the support of the Frank Jackson Foundation that enabled this work. Data availability: Data will be made available on request.).
@article{56a60e2aee9d4f18adf5f38b29f476c0,
title = {Connected Conservation: Rethinking conservation for a telecoupled world},
author = {Rachel Carmenta and Jos Barlow and Mairon G. Bastos Lima and Erika Bereguer and Shofwan Choiruzzad and Natalia Estrada-Carmona and Filipe França and Giorgos Kallis and Evan Killick and Alexander Lees and Adrian Martin and Unai Pascual and Nathalie Pettorelli and James Reed and Iokine Rodriguez and Angela M. Steward and Terry Sunderland and Bhaskar Vira and Julie G. Zaehringer and Christina Hicks},
doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110047},
issn = {0006-3207},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
journal = {Biological Conservation},
volume = {282},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The convergence of the biodiversity and climate crises, widening of wealth inequality, and most recently the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the urgent need to mobilize change to secure sustainable futures. Centres of tropical biodiversity are a major focus of conservation efforts, delivered in predominantly site-level interventions often incorporating alternative-livelihood provision or poverty-alleviation components. Yet, a focus on site-level intervention is ill-equipped to address the disproportionate role of (often distant) wealth in biodiversity collapse. Further these approaches often attempt to ‘resolve’ local economic poverty in order to safeguard biodiversity in a seemingly virtuous act, potentially overlooking local communities as the living locus of solutions to the biodiversity crisis. We offer Connected Conservation: a dual-branched conservation model that commands novel actions to tackle distant wealth-related drivers of biodiversity decline, while enhancing site-level conservation to empower biodiversity stewards. We synthesize diverse literatures to outline the need for this shift in conservation practice. We identify three dominant negative flows arising in centres of wealth that disproportionately undermine biodiversity, and highlight the three key positive, though marginalized, flows that enhance biodiversity and exist within biocultural centres. Connected Conservation works to amplify the positive flows, and diminish the negative flows, and thereby orientates towards desired states with justice at the centre. We identify connected conservation actions that can be applied and replicated to address the telecoupled, wealth-related reality of biodiversity collapse while empowering contemporary biodiversity stewards. The approach calls for conservation to extend its collaborations across sectors in order to deliver to transformative change.},
note = {Acknowledgements: RC is grateful to the support of the Frank Jackson Foundation that enabled this work. Data availability: Data will be made available on request.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The convergence of the biodiversity and climate crises, widening of wealth inequality, and most recently the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the urgent need to mobilize change to secure sustainable futures. Centres of tropical biodiversity are a major focus of conservation efforts, delivered in predominantly site-level interventions often incorporating alternative-livelihood provision or poverty-alleviation components. Yet, a focus on site-level intervention is ill-equipped to address the disproportionate role of (often distant) wealth in biodiversity collapse. Further these approaches often attempt to ‘resolve’ local economic poverty in order to safeguard biodiversity in a seemingly virtuous act, potentially overlooking local communities as the living locus of solutions to the biodiversity crisis. We offer Connected Conservation: a dual-branched conservation model that commands novel actions to tackle distant wealth-related drivers of biodiversity decline, while enhancing site-level conservation to empower biodiversity stewards. We synthesize diverse literatures to outline the need for this shift in conservation practice. We identify three dominant negative flows arising in centres of wealth that disproportionately undermine biodiversity, and highlight the three key positive, though marginalized, flows that enhance biodiversity and exist within biocultural centres. Connected Conservation works to amplify the positive flows, and diminish the negative flows, and thereby orientates towards desired states with justice at the centre. We identify connected conservation actions that can be applied and replicated to address the telecoupled, wealth-related reality of biodiversity collapse while empowering contemporary biodiversity stewards. The approach calls for conservation to extend its collaborations across sectors in order to deliver to transformative change.
Vasilakos, Nicholas; Pitelis, Alkis Theonas; Horsewood, Nick; Pitelis, Christos
Place-based public investment in regional infrastructure, the locational choice of firms and regional performance: The case of India Journal Article
In: Regional Studies, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1055–1068, 2023, ISSN: 0034-3404, (Issue 6: Place-based industrial and regional strategy – levelling the playing field).
@article{9b2b006e3a08451d98d713d7de8d9607,
title = {Place-based public investment in regional infrastructure, the locational choice of firms and regional performance: The case of India},
author = {Nicholas Vasilakos and Alkis Theonas Pitelis and Nick Horsewood and Christos Pitelis},
doi = {10.1080/00343404.2022.2146666},
issn = {0034-3404},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
journal = {Regional Studies},
volume = {57},
number = {6},
pages = {1055–1068},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {We discuss conceptual reasons for and propose public investment in regional infrastructure as a hybrid form of a place-based regional industrial policy aiming to foster the regional economic activity of lagging regions. We present and empirically test a baseline model using data for 14 Indian regions/states over a period of 39 years. Our results show that place-based regional infrastructure investments, particularly in electricity-generating capacity and width-adjusted length of national highways, positively impact the relative number of firms operating in a region and help foster its economic performance.},
note = {Issue 6: Place-based industrial and regional strategy – levelling the playing field},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We discuss conceptual reasons for and propose public investment in regional infrastructure as a hybrid form of a place-based regional industrial policy aiming to foster the regional economic activity of lagging regions. We present and empirically test a baseline model using data for 14 Indian regions/states over a period of 39 years. Our results show that place-based regional infrastructure investments, particularly in electricity-generating capacity and width-adjusted length of national highways, positively impact the relative number of firms operating in a region and help foster its economic performance.
Hargreaves, Tom; Pereira, Vinicius Juliani
Provocative AI: Beyond calm interactions Journal Article
In: IEEE Pervasive Computing, 2023, ISSN: 1536-1268.
@article{642c7808acb3407e9464607bc3b6a23e,
title = {Provocative AI: Beyond calm interactions},
author = {Tom Hargreaves and Vinicius Juliani Pereira},
issn = {1536-1268},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-26},
journal = {IEEE Pervasive Computing},
publisher = {The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rao, Nitya; Patil, Sheetal; Singh, Chandni; Roy, Parama
Urban and peri-urban agriculture for sustainability and wellbeing: A response Journal Article
In: Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 92, 2023, ISSN: 2210-6707.
@article{0886b98a8fd345b183a4951c458ec97b,
title = {Urban and peri-urban agriculture for sustainability and wellbeing: A response},
author = {Nitya Rao and Sheetal Patil and Chandni Singh and Parama Roy},
doi = {10.1016/j.scs.2023.104462},
issn = {2210-6707},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-01},
journal = {Sustainable Cities and Society},
volume = {92},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Joshi, Manoj; Hall, Robert A.; Stevens, David P.; Hawkins, Ed
The modelled climatic response to the 18.6-year lunar nodal cycle and its role in decadal temperature trends Journal Article
In: Earth System Dynamics, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 443–455, 2023, ISSN: 2190-4979, (Data sets: Lunar nodal cycle forcing data, M. Joshi, R. Hall, D. Stevens, E. Hawkins, https://research-portal.uea.ac.uk/en/datasets/lunar-nodal-cycle-amplitude-modulation-map Financial support: This research has been supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/N006348/1).).
@article{a4fafacb6e4149ea829c909ac0eceb06,
title = {The modelled climatic response to the 18.6-year lunar nodal cycle and its role in decadal temperature trends},
author = {Manoj Joshi and Robert A. Hall and David P. Stevens and Ed Hawkins},
doi = {10.5194/egusphere-2022-151},
issn = {2190-4979},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-18},
journal = {Earth System Dynamics},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {443–455},
publisher = {Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH},
abstract = {The 18.6-year lunar nodal cycle arises from variations in the angle of the Moon’s orbital plane. Previous work has linked the nodal cycle to climate but has been limited, either by the length of observations analysed, or geographical regions considered in model simulations of the pre-industrial period. Here we examine the global effect of the lunar nodal cycle in multi-centennial climate model simulations of the pre-industrial period. We find cyclic signals in global and regional surface air temperature having amplitudes of O (0.1 K), ocean heat uptake and ocean heat content. The timing of anomalies of global surface air temperature and heat uptake are consistent with the so-called slowdown in global warming in the first decade of the 21st century, also displaying warmer than average Arctic surface temperatures at the same time. The lunar nodal cycle causes variations in mean sea level pressure exceeding 0.5 hPa in the Nordic seas region, thus affecting the North Atlantic Oscillation Index during boreal winter. Our results suggest that the contribution of the lunar nodal cycle to global temperature should be negative in the mid-2020s before becoming positive again in the early-2030s, reducing the uncertainty in time at which projected global temperature reaches 1.5C above pre-industrial levels.},
note = {Data sets: Lunar nodal cycle forcing data, M. Joshi, R. Hall, D. Stevens, E. Hawkins, https://research-portal.uea.ac.uk/en/datasets/lunar-nodal-cycle-amplitude-modulation-map Financial support: This research has been supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/N006348/1).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The 18.6-year lunar nodal cycle arises from variations in the angle of the Moon’s orbital plane. Previous work has linked the nodal cycle to climate but has been limited, either by the length of observations analysed, or geographical regions considered in model simulations of the pre-industrial period. Here we examine the global effect of the lunar nodal cycle in multi-centennial climate model simulations of the pre-industrial period. We find cyclic signals in global and regional surface air temperature having amplitudes of O (0.1 K), ocean heat uptake and ocean heat content. The timing of anomalies of global surface air temperature and heat uptake are consistent with the so-called slowdown in global warming in the first decade of the 21st century, also displaying warmer than average Arctic surface temperatures at the same time. The lunar nodal cycle causes variations in mean sea level pressure exceeding 0.5 hPa in the Nordic seas region, thus affecting the North Atlantic Oscillation Index during boreal winter. Our results suggest that the contribution of the lunar nodal cycle to global temperature should be negative in the mid-2020s before becoming positive again in the early-2030s, reducing the uncertainty in time at which projected global temperature reaches 1.5C above pre-industrial levels.
Uribe, John; Theuerkauf, Ulrike; Salamanca, María; Padilla, Santiago; Rodriguez, Iokiñe; Sala, Cristina
Addressing past injustice, empowering for the future? Reparation policies and ‘victim’ or ‘survivor’ identities in Tolima, Colombia Journal Article
In: Civil Wars, 2023, ISSN: 1369-8249, (Funding information: The work was supported by the Ministerio de la Ciencia, Tecnología y Educación de Colombia [16-428-INT]; UK Research and Innovation [ES/R010625/1].).
@article{0423d6e6f58d481ea8f4eb8ff8a2cecc,
title = {Addressing past injustice, empowering for the future? Reparation policies and ‘victim’ or ‘survivor’ identities in Tolima, Colombia},
author = {John Uribe and Ulrike Theuerkauf and María Salamanca and Santiago Padilla and Iokiñe Rodriguez and Cristina Sala},
doi = {10.1080/13698249.2023.2196188},
issn = {1369-8249},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-13},
journal = {Civil Wars},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {Colombia’s Victims and Land Restitution Law of 2011 (Law 1448) has established an ambitious reparation framework. Using primary data from six municipalities in Tolima, we highlight how the limited realisation of Law 1448’s transformative aspirations has contributed to a complex co-existence of ‘victim’ and ‘survivor’ identities. We argue that this pattern reflects the ambiguities of a reparation framework that emphasises the transformation of victims into empowered agents but struggles to fulfil its promises due to insufficient resources. To fully understand pitfalls and opportunities of transformative justice, researchers need to pay closer attention to its impact on people’s everyday survival strategies.},
note = {Funding information: The work was supported by the Ministerio de la Ciencia, Tecnología y Educación de Colombia [16-428-INT]; UK Research and Innovation [ES/R010625/1].},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Colombia’s Victims and Land Restitution Law of 2011 (Law 1448) has established an ambitious reparation framework. Using primary data from six municipalities in Tolima, we highlight how the limited realisation of Law 1448’s transformative aspirations has contributed to a complex co-existence of ‘victim’ and ‘survivor’ identities. We argue that this pattern reflects the ambiguities of a reparation framework that emphasises the transformation of victims into empowered agents but struggles to fulfil its promises due to insufficient resources. To fully understand pitfalls and opportunities of transformative justice, researchers need to pay closer attention to its impact on people’s everyday survival strategies.
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