Tyndall Centre Journal Articles
2022
Sánchez-Arcilla, Agustín; Cáceres, Iván; Roux, Xavier Le; Hinkel, Jochen; Schuerch, Mark; Nicholls, Robert J.; del Mar Otero,; Staneva, Joanna; Vries, Mindert; Pernice, Umberto; Briere, Christophe; Caiola, Nuno; Gracia, Vicente; nez, Carles Ibá; Torresan, Silvia
Barriers and enablers for upscaling coastal restoration Journal Article
In: Nature-Based Solutions, vol. 2, 2022, ISSN: 2772-4115.
@article{bacc7b51258147519fdc9e7c868a780c,
title = {Barriers and enablers for upscaling coastal restoration},
author = {Agustín Sánchez-Arcilla and Iván Cáceres and Xavier Le Roux and Jochen Hinkel and Mark Schuerch and Robert J. Nicholls and del Mar Otero and Joanna Staneva and Mindert Vries and Umberto Pernice and Christophe Briere and Nuno Caiola and Vicente Gracia and Carles Ibá nez and Silvia Torresan},
doi = {10.1016/j.nbsj.2022.100032},
issn = {2772-4115},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-01},
journal = {Nature-Based Solutions},
volume = {2},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Coastal restoration is often distrusted and, at best, implemented at small scales, which hampers its potential for coastal adaptation. Present technical, economic and management barriers stem from sectoral and poorly coordinated local interventions, which are insufficiently monitored and maintained, precluding the upscaling required to build up confidence in ecosystem restoration. The paper posits that there is enough knowledge, technology, financial and governance capabilities for increasing the pace and scale of restoration, before the onset of irreversible coastal degradation. We propose a systemic restoration, which integrates Nature based Solutions (NbS) building blocks, to provide climate-resilient ecosystem services and improved biodiversity to curb coastal degradation. The result should be a reduction of coastal risks from a decarbonised coastal protection, which at the same time increases coastal blue carbon. We discuss barriers and enablers for coastal adaptation-through-restoration plans, based on vulnerable coastal archetypes, such as deltas, estuaries, lagoons and coastal bays. These plans, based on connectivity and accommodation space, result in enhanced resilience and biodiversity under increasing climatic and human pressures. The paper concludes with a review of the interconnections between the technical, financial and governance dimensions of restoration, and discusses how to fill the present implementation gap.},
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Coastal restoration is often distrusted and, at best, implemented at small scales, which hampers its potential for coastal adaptation. Present technical, economic and management barriers stem from sectoral and poorly coordinated local interventions, which are insufficiently monitored and maintained, precluding the upscaling required to build up confidence in ecosystem restoration. The paper posits that there is enough knowledge, technology, financial and governance capabilities for increasing the pace and scale of restoration, before the onset of irreversible coastal degradation. We propose a systemic restoration, which integrates Nature based Solutions (NbS) building blocks, to provide climate-resilient ecosystem services and improved biodiversity to curb coastal degradation. The result should be a reduction of coastal risks from a decarbonised coastal protection, which at the same time increases coastal blue carbon. We discuss barriers and enablers for coastal adaptation-through-restoration plans, based on vulnerable coastal archetypes, such as deltas, estuaries, lagoons and coastal bays. These plans, based on connectivity and accommodation space, result in enhanced resilience and biodiversity under increasing climatic and human pressures. The paper concludes with a review of the interconnections between the technical, financial and governance dimensions of restoration, and discusses how to fill the present implementation gap.
Vrain, Emilie; Wilson, Charlie; Andrews, Barnaby
The discontinuance of low carbon digital products and services Journal Article
In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 185, 2022, ISSN: 0040-1625.
@article{cc22987020ef46f5a2aa0f968620ec3a,
title = {The discontinuance of low carbon digital products and services},
author = {Emilie Vrain and Charlie Wilson and Barnaby Andrews},
doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122051},
issn = {0040-1625},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-01},
journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
volume = {185},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Digital consumer innovations offer low-carbon alternatives to mainstream consumption practices. We address a lack of research on the factors influencing post-adoption decisions of discontinuance for this important class of innovations. We conducted a repeat survey with UK consumers (n = 995) in 2019 and 2020 to investigate 16 digital products and services across mobility, food, homes, and energy domains. Our survey captured temporal changes in adoption, personal and contextual characteristics, social influences, innovation experiences and perceived attributes. We also provide a unique contribution by assessing the impacts of Covid-19 on post-adoption processes.Our results indicate that discontinuance is associated with: 1) services more than products; 2) perceived functional attributes not met by experienced attributes; 3) a lack of positive social influence, including word-of-mouth; 4) a lack of social network connections to other adopters; and 5) a decline in an individual's financial situation. Covid-19 was not found to be a significant factor influencing innovation discontinuance. Findings highlight generalisable insights regarding issues that need addressing to overcome discontinuance. For example, while digital services offer low-carbon promise, continued adoption is sensitive to their strong performance attributes. There is a need for continued innovation to sustain market position relative to more familiar incumbents.},
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pubstate = {published},
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Digital consumer innovations offer low-carbon alternatives to mainstream consumption practices. We address a lack of research on the factors influencing post-adoption decisions of discontinuance for this important class of innovations. We conducted a repeat survey with UK consumers (n = 995) in 2019 and 2020 to investigate 16 digital products and services across mobility, food, homes, and energy domains. Our survey captured temporal changes in adoption, personal and contextual characteristics, social influences, innovation experiences and perceived attributes. We also provide a unique contribution by assessing the impacts of Covid-19 on post-adoption processes.Our results indicate that discontinuance is associated with: 1) services more than products; 2) perceived functional attributes not met by experienced attributes; 3) a lack of positive social influence, including word-of-mouth; 4) a lack of social network connections to other adopters; and 5) a decline in an individual's financial situation. Covid-19 was not found to be a significant factor influencing innovation discontinuance. Findings highlight generalisable insights regarding issues that need addressing to overcome discontinuance. For example, while digital services offer low-carbon promise, continued adoption is sensitive to their strong performance attributes. There is a need for continued innovation to sustain market position relative to more familiar incumbents.
Harrison, Giles; Nicoll, Keri; Joshi, Manoj; Hawkins, Ed
Empirical evidence for multidecadal scale global atmospheric electric circuit modulation by the El Ni~no-southern oscillation Journal Article
In: Environmental Research Letters, 2022, ISSN: 1748-9326.
@article{ce881874111c4e4abf2cafdc5cd5259d,
title = {Empirical evidence for multidecadal scale global atmospheric electric circuit modulation by the El Ni~no-southern oscillation},
author = {Giles Harrison and Keri Nicoll and Manoj Joshi and Ed Hawkins},
doi = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aca68c},
issn = {1748-9326},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-28},
journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd},
abstract = {The El Ni~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modifies precipitation patterns across the planet. Charge separation in disturbed weather and thunderstorms drives the Global atmospheric Electric Circuit (GEC), hence ENSO-induced precipitation changes are anticipated to affect the global circuit. By analysing historical atmospheric electricity data using a new data processing procedure based on the Carnegie curve, signals correlated with ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are revealed. These demonstrate a persistent ENSO-GEC relationship for the majority of the twentieth century, in Potential Gradient (PG) data from Lerwick, Shetland and Watheroo, W. Australia. The recovered data is weighted towards the first half of the UTC day, giving a GEC sensitivity up to ~5 % °C-1 of SST anomaly in the Ni~no 3.4 and 4 regions of the Pacific Ocean. Transferring ENSO variability by electrical means represents an unexplored teleconnection, for example, through proposed GEC effects on stratiform cloud microphysics. The strong ENSO-GEC relationship also provides a quality test for historical atmospheric electricity data, and encourages their use in reducing SST reconstruction uncertainties.},
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The El Ni~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modifies precipitation patterns across the planet. Charge separation in disturbed weather and thunderstorms drives the Global atmospheric Electric Circuit (GEC), hence ENSO-induced precipitation changes are anticipated to affect the global circuit. By analysing historical atmospheric electricity data using a new data processing procedure based on the Carnegie curve, signals correlated with ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are revealed. These demonstrate a persistent ENSO-GEC relationship for the majority of the twentieth century, in Potential Gradient (PG) data from Lerwick, Shetland and Watheroo, W. Australia. The recovered data is weighted towards the first half of the UTC day, giving a GEC sensitivity up to ~5 % °C-1 of SST anomaly in the Ni~no 3.4 and 4 regions of the Pacific Ocean. Transferring ENSO variability by electrical means represents an unexplored teleconnection, for example, through proposed GEC effects on stratiform cloud microphysics. The strong ENSO-GEC relationship also provides a quality test for historical atmospheric electricity data, and encourages their use in reducing SST reconstruction uncertainties.
Persad, Geeta G.; Samset, Bjørn H.; Wilcox, Laura J.; Co-Signatories,; Joshi, Manoj
Aerosols must be included in climate risk assessments: Estimates of impending risk ignore a big player in regional change and climate extremes Journal Article
In: Nature, vol. 611, no. 7937, pp. 662–664, 2022, ISSN: 0028-0836.
@article{7588509916054684893e71882ca7af86,
title = {Aerosols must be included in climate risk assessments: Estimates of impending risk ignore a big player in regional change and climate extremes},
author = {Geeta G. Persad and Bjørn H. Samset and Laura J. Wilcox and Co-Signatories and Manoj Joshi},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-022-03763-9},
issn = {0028-0836},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-21},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {611},
number = {7937},
pages = {662--664},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Lincke, Daniel; Hinkel, Jochen; Mengel, Matthias; Nicholls, Robert J.
Understanding the drivers of coastal flood exposure and risk from 1860 to 2100 Journal Article
In: Earth's Future, 2022, ISSN: 2328-4277.
@article{c1738022b0b046e9b059991c47a3ac2a,
title = {Understanding the drivers of coastal flood exposure and risk from 1860 to 2100},
author = {Daniel Lincke and Jochen Hinkel and Matthias Mengel and Robert J. Nicholls},
doi = {10.1029/2021EF002584},
issn = {2328-4277},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-17},
journal = {Earth's Future},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {Global coastal flood exposure (population and assets) has been growing since the beginning of the industrial age and is likely to continue to grow through 21st century. Three main drivers are responsible: (1) climate-related mean sea-level change, (2) vertical land movement contributing to relative sea-level rise, and (3) socio-economic development. This paper attributes growing coastal exposure and flood risk from 1860 to 2100 to these three drivers. For historic flood exposure (1860 to 2005) we find that the roughly six-fold increase in population exposure and 53-fold increase in asset exposure are almost completely explained by socio-economic development (>97% for population and >99% for assets). For future exposure (2005 to 2100), assuming a middle-of-the-road regionalized socio-economic scenario (SSP2) without coastal migration and sea-level rise according to RCP2.6 and RCP6.0, climate-change induced sea-level rise will become the most important driver for the growth in population exposure, while growth in asset exposure will still be mainly determined by socio-economic development.},
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Global coastal flood exposure (population and assets) has been growing since the beginning of the industrial age and is likely to continue to grow through 21st century. Three main drivers are responsible: (1) climate-related mean sea-level change, (2) vertical land movement contributing to relative sea-level rise, and (3) socio-economic development. This paper attributes growing coastal exposure and flood risk from 1860 to 2100 to these three drivers. For historic flood exposure (1860 to 2005) we find that the roughly six-fold increase in population exposure and 53-fold increase in asset exposure are almost completely explained by socio-economic development (>97% for population and >99% for assets). For future exposure (2005 to 2100), assuming a middle-of-the-road regionalized socio-economic scenario (SSP2) without coastal migration and sea-level rise according to RCP2.6 and RCP6.0, climate-change induced sea-level rise will become the most important driver for the growth in population exposure, while growth in asset exposure will still be mainly determined by socio-economic development.
Fang, Jiayi; Nicholls, Robert J.; Brown, Sally; Lincke, Daniel; Hinkel, Jochen; Vafeidis, Athanasios T.; Du, Shiqiang; Zhao, Qing; Liu, Min; Shi, Peijun
Benefits of subsidence control for coastal flooding in China Journal Article
In: Nature Communications, vol. 13, 2022, ISSN: 2041-1723, (Data availability: All datasets used in the production of this paper are available from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.696911558. Source data are provided with this paper. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License. Code availability: The DIVA code is available at https://gitlab.com/daniel.lincke.globalclimateforum.org/diva_published. The R code used to produce the numbers, tables and figures is available from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.696911558. Source data are provided with this paper. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License. Acknowledgements: J.F., S.D. and P.S. were supported by National Key R & D Programme of China (2017YFC1503001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (42001096) and Expertise-Introduction Project for Disciplinary Innovation of Universities: Hazard and Risk Science Base at Beijing Normal University (BP0820003). A.T.V., D.L., J.H., R.J.N. and S.B. were supported by the European Union’s Seventh Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration under grant agreement No. 603396 (RISES-AM project). S.B. undertook most of this work at the University of Southampton, where she remains a visitor. It does not reflect the views or positions of subsequent organisations she moved to. R.J.N., D.L. and J.H. were supported by the PROTECT Project. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 869304, PROTECT contribution number 42.).
@article{7da7406929704bbdbbb1a01e369284e3,
title = {Benefits of subsidence control for coastal flooding in China},
author = {Jiayi Fang and Robert J. Nicholls and Sally Brown and Daniel Lincke and Jochen Hinkel and Athanasios T. Vafeidis and Shiqiang Du and Qing Zhao and Min Liu and Peijun Shi},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-34525-w},
issn = {2041-1723},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-14},
journal = {Nature Communications},
volume = {13},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
abstract = {Land subsidence is impacting large populations in coastal Asia via relative sea-level rise (RSLR). Here we assesses these risks and possible response strategies for China, including estimates of present rates of RSLR, flood exposure and risk to 2050. In 2015, each Chinese coastal resident experienced on average RSLR of 11 to 20 mm/yr. This is 3 to 5 times higher than climate-induced SLR, reflecting that people are concentrated in subsiding locations. In 2050, assuming these subsidence rates continue, land area, population and assets exposed to the 100-year coastal flood event is 20%-39%, 17%-37% and 18%-39% higher than assuming climate change alone, respectively. Realistic subsidence control measures can avoid up to two thirds of this additional growth in exposure, with adaptation required to address the residual. This analysis emphasizes subsidence as a RSLR hazard in China that requires a broad-scale policy response, utilizing subsidence control combined with coastal adaptation.},
note = {Data availability: All datasets used in the production of this paper are available from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.696911558. Source data are provided with this paper. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License. Code availability: The DIVA code is available at https://gitlab.com/daniel.lincke.globalclimateforum.org/diva_published. The R code used to produce the numbers, tables and figures is available from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.696911558. Source data are provided with this paper. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License. Acknowledgements: J.F., S.D. and P.S. were supported by National Key R & D Programme of China (2017YFC1503001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (42001096) and Expertise-Introduction Project for Disciplinary Innovation of Universities: Hazard and Risk Science Base at Beijing Normal University (BP0820003). A.T.V., D.L., J.H., R.J.N. and S.B. were supported by the European Union’s Seventh Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration under grant agreement No. 603396 (RISES-AM project). S.B. undertook most of this work at the University of Southampton, where she remains a visitor. It does not reflect the views or positions of subsequent organisations she moved to. R.J.N., D.L. and J.H. were supported by the PROTECT Project. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 869304, PROTECT contribution number 42.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Land subsidence is impacting large populations in coastal Asia via relative sea-level rise (RSLR). Here we assesses these risks and possible response strategies for China, including estimates of present rates of RSLR, flood exposure and risk to 2050. In 2015, each Chinese coastal resident experienced on average RSLR of 11 to 20 mm/yr. This is 3 to 5 times higher than climate-induced SLR, reflecting that people are concentrated in subsiding locations. In 2050, assuming these subsidence rates continue, land area, population and assets exposed to the 100-year coastal flood event is 20%-39%, 17%-37% and 18%-39% higher than assuming climate change alone, respectively. Realistic subsidence control measures can avoid up to two thirds of this additional growth in exposure, with adaptation required to address the residual. This analysis emphasizes subsidence as a RSLR hazard in China that requires a broad-scale policy response, utilizing subsidence control combined with coastal adaptation.
Calderon, Laura Ponce; Limon-Aguirre, Fernando; Fernandez, Iokine Rodriguez; Rodriguez-Trejo, Dante; Bilbao, Bibiana; Alvarez-Gorrillo, Guadalupe; Villanueva-Diaz, Jose
Fire management in pyrobiocultural landscapes, Chiapas, Mexico Journal Article
In: Tropical Forest Issues, vol. 61, pp. 53–59, 2022.
@article{e26221547a27487faab2a0a75611e771,
title = {Fire management in pyrobiocultural landscapes, Chiapas, Mexico},
author = {Laura Ponce Calderon and Fernando Limon-Aguirre and Iokine Rodriguez Fernandez and Dante Rodriguez-Trejo and Bibiana Bilbao and Guadalupe Alvarez-Gorrillo and Jose Villanueva-Diaz},
doi = {10.55515/ABWJ7126},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-10},
journal = {Tropical Forest Issues},
volume = {61},
pages = {53--59},
abstract = {Communities in Chiapas are pioneers in fire management; for example, land users have to request burning permits from village organizations, following customary environmental management practices. This article reports on the cultural management of fire by indigenous Antelá and Tziscao communities in and around Lagunas de Montebello National Park, Chiapas, Mexico. It addresses territoriality, memory, regimes and management, and the integration of cultural knowledge and perspectives, with global relevance for all Indigenous peoples. This is the first published reference to the term “Pyrobiocultural” that the authors of this article (among others) have been developing over recent years.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Communities in Chiapas are pioneers in fire management; for example, land users have to request burning permits from village organizations, following customary environmental management practices. This article reports on the cultural management of fire by indigenous Antelá and Tziscao communities in and around Lagunas de Montebello National Park, Chiapas, Mexico. It addresses territoriality, memory, regimes and management, and the integration of cultural knowledge and perspectives, with global relevance for all Indigenous peoples. This is the first published reference to the term “Pyrobiocultural” that the authors of this article (among others) have been developing over recent years.
Jenkins, Katie; Kennedy-Asser, Alan; Andrews, Oliver; Lo, Y. T. Eunice
Updated projections of UK heat-related mortality using policy-relevant global warming levels and socio-economic scenarios Journal Article
In: Environmental Research Letters, vol. 17, no. 11, 2022, ISSN: 1748-9326, (Acknowledgments: K J, A K-A and O A acknowledge support from UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme project OpenCLIM (Open CLimate Impacts Modelling framework, NE/T013931/1). Data availability statement: The data that underpin this study are cited in the references and supplementary information. This data is freely available online: UKCP18 Regional Projections on a 12 km grid over the UK for 1980-2080: https://catalogue.ceda.acuk/uuid/589211abeb844070a95d061c8cc7f604; HadUK-Grid gridded and regional average climate observations for the UK: http://catalogue.ceda.acuk/uuid/4dc8450d889a491ebb20e724debe2dfb; UK-SSPs: www.ukclimateresilience.org/products-of-the-uk-ssps-project/; UK gridded population based on Census 2011 and Land Cover Map 2007: https://doi.org/10.5285/61f10c74-8c2c-4637-a274-5fa9b2e5ce44; UK Population, 2011 census: www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/2011censuspopulationandhouseholdestimatesfortheunitedkingdom; Mortality statistics (England and Wales): www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcomms.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/deathsregisteredbyareaofusualresidenceenglandandwales; Mortality statistics (Scotland): www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/vital-events/deaths/deaths-time-series-data; Mortality statistics (Norther Ireland): www.nisra.gov.uk/publications/death-statistics and www.nisra.gov.uk/publications/death-statistics. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at the following URL/DOI: https://osf.io/eyf3b/?view_only=32057e9182654b63b05f1a58fc5fbf6b.).
@article{9dd55625930643029cfe9fcfda4ba418,
title = {Updated projections of UK heat-related mortality using policy-relevant global warming levels and socio-economic scenarios},
author = {Katie Jenkins and Alan Kennedy-Asser and Oliver Andrews and Y. T. Eunice Lo},
doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac9cf3},
issn = {1748-9326},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-04},
journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd},
abstract = {High temperatures and heatwaves are associated with significant impacts on human health. With continued global temperature increases, extreme thresholds relevant to health will be exceeded more frequently. This study provides an updated spatial analysis of heat-related mortality for the UK, using the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) at 1.5 to 4°C global warming levels, and embedding population and demographic data from the recently released UK Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (UK-SSPs). Climate change will lead to an increase in heat-related mortality in the future, exacerbated by increased exposure due to increasing population. We find an increase from ~1,400 average annual deaths in the near-past (1990-2019) (95% CI: 1299 to 1486), to ~2,500 (2304 to 2794), ~3,700 (3280 to 4214), ~8,200 (7376 to 9072) and >18,000 (16,690 to 20,394) average annual deaths at 1.5, 2, 3 and 4°C respectively (assuming no adaptation). This is considered a high-end estimate due to the assumption of high population growth (UK-SSP5). Older populations are shown to be most vulnerable. A large proportion of heat-related deaths (76% (74 to 79%) with 1.5°C global warming) are attributed to more moderate (1-5°C) increases above regional temperature thresholds as opposed to extremes. Our results provide a timely update that can serve as a first step to supporting future UK climate policy and risk assessments. Future research considering nonlinearity in the health response to heat exposure is vital.},
note = {Acknowledgments: K J, A K-A and O A acknowledge support from UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme project OpenCLIM (Open CLimate Impacts Modelling framework, NE/T013931/1). Data availability statement: The data that underpin this study are cited in the references and supplementary information. This data is freely available online: UKCP18 Regional Projections on a 12 km grid over the UK for 1980-2080: https://catalogue.ceda.acuk/uuid/589211abeb844070a95d061c8cc7f604; HadUK-Grid gridded and regional average climate observations for the UK: http://catalogue.ceda.acuk/uuid/4dc8450d889a491ebb20e724debe2dfb; UK-SSPs: www.ukclimateresilience.org/products-of-the-uk-ssps-project/; UK gridded population based on Census 2011 and Land Cover Map 2007: https://doi.org/10.5285/61f10c74-8c2c-4637-a274-5fa9b2e5ce44; UK Population, 2011 census: www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/2011censuspopulationandhouseholdestimatesfortheunitedkingdom; Mortality statistics (England and Wales): www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcomms.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/deathsregisteredbyareaofusualresidenceenglandandwales; Mortality statistics (Scotland): www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/vital-events/deaths/deaths-time-series-data; Mortality statistics (Norther Ireland): www.nisra.gov.uk/publications/death-statistics and www.nisra.gov.uk/publications/death-statistics. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at the following URL/DOI: https://osf.io/eyf3b/?view_only=32057e9182654b63b05f1a58fc5fbf6b.},
keywords = {},
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High temperatures and heatwaves are associated with significant impacts on human health. With continued global temperature increases, extreme thresholds relevant to health will be exceeded more frequently. This study provides an updated spatial analysis of heat-related mortality for the UK, using the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) at 1.5 to 4°C global warming levels, and embedding population and demographic data from the recently released UK Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (UK-SSPs). Climate change will lead to an increase in heat-related mortality in the future, exacerbated by increased exposure due to increasing population. We find an increase from ~1,400 average annual deaths in the near-past (1990-2019) (95% CI: 1299 to 1486), to ~2,500 (2304 to 2794), ~3,700 (3280 to 4214), ~8,200 (7376 to 9072) and >18,000 (16,690 to 20,394) average annual deaths at 1.5, 2, 3 and 4°C respectively (assuming no adaptation). This is considered a high-end estimate due to the assumption of high population growth (UK-SSP5). Older populations are shown to be most vulnerable. A large proportion of heat-related deaths (76% (74 to 79%) with 1.5°C global warming) are attributed to more moderate (1-5°C) increases above regional temperature thresholds as opposed to extremes. Our results provide a timely update that can serve as a first step to supporting future UK climate policy and risk assessments. Future research considering nonlinearity in the health response to heat exposure is vital.
Brainard, Julii; Bunn, Diane; Watts, Laura; Killett, Anne; O'Brien, Sarah J; Lake, Iain; Mumford, Suzanne; Lane, Kathleen
English care home staff morale and preparedness during the Covid pandemic: A longitudinal analysis Journal Article
In: American Journal of Infection Control, 2022, ISSN: 0196-6553.
@article{2bb3e8982a8441fcbd51e4fcc75cb847,
title = {English care home staff morale and preparedness during the Covid pandemic: A longitudinal analysis},
author = {Julii Brainard and Diane Bunn and Laura Watts and Anne Killett and Sarah J O'Brien and Iain Lake and Suzanne Mumford and Kathleen Lane},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajic.2022.10.009},
issn = {0196-6553},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-02},
journal = {American Journal of Infection Control},
publisher = {Mosby Inc.},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Staff actions to prevent infection introduction and transmission in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) were key to reducing morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Implementing infection control measures (ICMs) requires training, adherence and complex decision making while trying to deliver high quality care. We surveyed LTCF staff in England about their preparedness and morale at three timepoints during the COVID-19 epidemic.METHODS: Online structured survey targeted at LTCF workers (any role) administered at three timepoints (November 2020-January 2021; August-November 2021; March-May 2022). Narrative summary of answers, narrative and statistical summary (proportionality with Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s Exact Test) of possible differences in answers between waves.RESULTS: Across all three survey waves, 387 responses were received. Morale, attitudes towards working environment and perception about colleague collaboration were mostly positive at all survey points. Infection control training was perceived as adequate. Staff felt mostly positive emotions at work. The working environment remained challenging. Masks were the single form of PPE most consistently used; eye protection the least used. Mask-wearing was linked to poorer communication and resident discomfort as well as mild negative health impacts on many staff, such as dehydration and adverse skin reactions. Hand sanitiser caused skin irritation. CONCUSIONS: Staff morale and working practices were generally good even though the working environment provided many new challenges that did not exist pre-pandemic.},
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pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Staff actions to prevent infection introduction and transmission in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) were key to reducing morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Implementing infection control measures (ICMs) requires training, adherence and complex decision making while trying to deliver high quality care. We surveyed LTCF staff in England about their preparedness and morale at three timepoints during the COVID-19 epidemic.METHODS: Online structured survey targeted at LTCF workers (any role) administered at three timepoints (November 2020-January 2021; August-November 2021; March-May 2022). Narrative summary of answers, narrative and statistical summary (proportionality with Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s Exact Test) of possible differences in answers between waves.RESULTS: Across all three survey waves, 387 responses were received. Morale, attitudes towards working environment and perception about colleague collaboration were mostly positive at all survey points. Infection control training was perceived as adequate. Staff felt mostly positive emotions at work. The working environment remained challenging. Masks were the single form of PPE most consistently used; eye protection the least used. Mask-wearing was linked to poorer communication and resident discomfort as well as mild negative health impacts on many staff, such as dehydration and adverse skin reactions. Hand sanitiser caused skin irritation. CONCUSIONS: Staff morale and working practices were generally good even though the working environment provided many new challenges that did not exist pre-pandemic.
Wal, R. S. W.; Nicholls, R. J.; Behar, D.; McInnes, K.; Stammer, D.; Lowe, J. A.; Church, J. A.; Deconto, R.; Fettweis, X.; Goelzer, H.; Haasnoot, M.; Haigh, I. D.; Hinkel, J.; Horton, B. P.; James, T. S.; Jenkins, A.; Lecozannet, G.; Levermann, A.; Lipscomb, W. H.; Marzeion, B.; Pattyn, F.; Payne, T.; Pfeffer, T.; Price, S. F.; Seroussi, H.; Sun, S.; Veatch, W.; White, K.
A high‐end estimate of sea‐level rise for practitioners Journal Article
In: Earth's Future, vol. 10, no. 11, 2022, ISSN: 2328-4277, (Research Funding: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; UK Met Office; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation. Grant Number: 1852977; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Grant Number: MA 6966/1-2; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS. Grant Numbers: O0100718F, EOS ID 30454083; Earth Observatory of Singapore Australian Research Council. Grant Numbers: DP190101173, DP190101173; Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research; QNLM; CSIRO; PROTECT; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. Grant Number: 869304; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union project RECEIPT. Grant Number: 820712; Research Council of Norway. Grant Numbers: 270061, 295046, 324639; National Infrastructure for High Performance Computing and Data Storage in Norway. Grant Numbers: NS8006K, NS8085K, NS9560K, NS9252K, NS5011K; Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Programme; Climate Change Geoscience Program of the Geological Survey of Canada; Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund. Grant Number: MOE2019-T3-1-004; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Australian Research Council Special Research Initiative; Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science. Grant Number: SR200100008; NASA’s Cryospheric Science and Sea Level Change Team programs; NPP; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research program.).
@article{9adf3eafcb77465394b476648cdee064,
title = {A high‐end estimate of sea‐level rise for practitioners},
author = {R. S. W. Wal and R. J. Nicholls and D. Behar and K. McInnes and D. Stammer and J. A. Lowe and J. A. Church and R. Deconto and X. Fettweis and H. Goelzer and M. Haasnoot and I. D. Haigh and J. Hinkel and B. P. Horton and T. S. James and A. Jenkins and G. Lecozannet and A. Levermann and W. H. Lipscomb and B. Marzeion and F. Pattyn and T. Payne and T. Pfeffer and S. F. Price and H. Seroussi and S. Sun and W. Veatch and K. White},
doi = {10.1029/2022EF002751},
issn = {2328-4277},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-01},
journal = {Earth's Future},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {Sea-level rise (SLR) is a long-lasting consequence of climate change because global anthropogenic warming takes centuries to millennia to equilibrate for the deep ocean and ice sheets. SLR projections based on climate models support policy analysis, risk assessment and adaptation planning today, despite their large uncertainties. The central range of the SLR distribution is estimated by process-based models. However, risk-averse practitioners often require information about plausible future conditions that lie in the tails of the SLR distribution, which are poorly defined by existing models. Here, a community effort combining scientists and practitioners builds on a framework of discussing physical evidence to quantify high-end global SLR for practitioners. The approach is complementary to the IPCC AR6 report and provides further physically plausible high-end scenarios. High-end estimates for the different SLR components are developed for two climate scenarios at two timescales. For global warming of +2 ˚C in 2100 (RCP2.6/SSP1-2.6) relative to pre-industrial values our high-end global SLR estimates are up to 0.9 m in 2100 and 2.5 m in 2300. Similarly, for a (RCP8.5/SSP5-8.5) we estimate up to 1.6 m in 2100 and up to 10.4 m in 2300. The large and growing differences between the scenarios beyond 2100 emphasize the long-term benefits of mitigation. However, even a modest 2 ˚C warming may cause multi-meter SLR on centennial time scales with profound consequences for coastal areas. Earlier high-end assessments focused on instability mechanisms in Antarctica, while here we emphasize the importance of the timing of ice shelf collapse around Antarctica. This is highly uncertain due to low understanding of the driving processes. Hence both process understanding and emission scenario control high-end SLR.},
note = {Research Funding: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; UK Met Office; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation. Grant Number: 1852977; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Grant Number: MA 6966/1-2; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS. Grant Numbers: O0100718F, EOS ID 30454083; Earth Observatory of Singapore Australian Research Council. Grant Numbers: DP190101173, DP190101173; Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research; QNLM; CSIRO; PROTECT; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. Grant Number: 869304; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union project RECEIPT. Grant Number: 820712; Research Council of Norway. Grant Numbers: 270061, 295046, 324639; National Infrastructure for High Performance Computing and Data Storage in Norway. Grant Numbers: NS8006K, NS8085K, NS9560K, NS9252K, NS5011K; Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Programme; Climate Change Geoscience Program of the Geological Survey of Canada; Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund. Grant Number: MOE2019-T3-1-004; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Australian Research Council Special Research Initiative; Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science. Grant Number: SR200100008; NASA’s Cryospheric Science and Sea Level Change Team programs; NPP; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research program.},
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Sea-level rise (SLR) is a long-lasting consequence of climate change because global anthropogenic warming takes centuries to millennia to equilibrate for the deep ocean and ice sheets. SLR projections based on climate models support policy analysis, risk assessment and adaptation planning today, despite their large uncertainties. The central range of the SLR distribution is estimated by process-based models. However, risk-averse practitioners often require information about plausible future conditions that lie in the tails of the SLR distribution, which are poorly defined by existing models. Here, a community effort combining scientists and practitioners builds on a framework of discussing physical evidence to quantify high-end global SLR for practitioners. The approach is complementary to the IPCC AR6 report and provides further physically plausible high-end scenarios. High-end estimates for the different SLR components are developed for two climate scenarios at two timescales. For global warming of +2 ˚C in 2100 (RCP2.6/SSP1-2.6) relative to pre-industrial values our high-end global SLR estimates are up to 0.9 m in 2100 and 2.5 m in 2300. Similarly, for a (RCP8.5/SSP5-8.5) we estimate up to 1.6 m in 2100 and up to 10.4 m in 2300. The large and growing differences between the scenarios beyond 2100 emphasize the long-term benefits of mitigation. However, even a modest 2 ˚C warming may cause multi-meter SLR on centennial time scales with profound consequences for coastal areas. Earlier high-end assessments focused on instability mechanisms in Antarctica, while here we emphasize the importance of the timing of ice shelf collapse around Antarctica. This is highly uncertain due to low understanding of the driving processes. Hence both process understanding and emission scenario control high-end SLR.
Obergassel, Wolfgang; Bauer, Steffen; Hermwille, Lukas; Aykut, Stefan C.; Boran, Idil; Chan, Sander; Fraude, Carolin; Klein, Richard J. T.; Mar, Kathleen A.; Schroeder, Heike; Simeonova, Katia
From regime-building to implementation: Harnessing the UN climate conferences to drive climate action Journal Article
In: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, vol. 13, no. 6, 2022, ISSN: 1757-7780, (Funding Information: Part of the work for this article was funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) through DIE's Klimalog project (www.klimalog.info).).
@article{552154ccd57b423ebb6f0c8f8685fc68,
title = {From regime-building to implementation: Harnessing the UN climate conferences to drive climate action},
author = {Wolfgang Obergassel and Steffen Bauer and Lukas Hermwille and Stefan C. Aykut and Idil Boran and Sander Chan and Carolin Fraude and Richard J. T. Klein and Kathleen A. Mar and Heike Schroeder and Katia Simeonova},
doi = {10.1002/wcc.797},
issn = {1757-7780},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-01},
journal = {Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {The gap between the internationally agreed climate objectives and tangible emissions reductions looms large. We explore how the supreme decision-making body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Conference of the Parties (COP), could develop to promote more effective climate policy. We argue that promoting implementation of climate action could benefit from focusing more on individual sectoral systems, particularly for mitigation. We consider five key governance functions of international institutions to discuss how the COP and the sessions it convenes could advance implementation of the Paris Agreement: guidance and signal, rules and standards, transparency and accountability, means of implementation, and knowledge and learning. In addition, we consider the role of the COP and its sessions as mega-events of global climate policy. We identify opportunities for promoting sectoral climate action across all five governance functions and for both the COP as a formal body and the COP sessions as conducive events. Harnessing these opportunities would require stronger involvement of national ministries in addition to the ministries of foreign affairs and environment that traditionally run the COP process, as well as stronger involvement of non-Party stakeholders within formal COP processes.},
note = {Funding Information: Part of the work for this article was funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) through DIE's Klimalog project (www.klimalog.info).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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The gap between the internationally agreed climate objectives and tangible emissions reductions looms large. We explore how the supreme decision-making body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Conference of the Parties (COP), could develop to promote more effective climate policy. We argue that promoting implementation of climate action could benefit from focusing more on individual sectoral systems, particularly for mitigation. We consider five key governance functions of international institutions to discuss how the COP and the sessions it convenes could advance implementation of the Paris Agreement: guidance and signal, rules and standards, transparency and accountability, means of implementation, and knowledge and learning. In addition, we consider the role of the COP and its sessions as mega-events of global climate policy. We identify opportunities for promoting sectoral climate action across all five governance functions and for both the COP as a formal body and the COP sessions as conducive events. Harnessing these opportunities would require stronger involvement of national ministries in addition to the ministries of foreign affairs and environment that traditionally run the COP process, as well as stronger involvement of non-Party stakeholders within formal COP processes.
Cotton, Isabel; Forster, Johanna; Lorenzoni, Irene; Tolhurst, Trevor J.
Understanding perceived effectiveness of a novel coastal management project: The case of the Bacton-Walcott sandscaping scheme, UK Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Marine Science, vol. 9, 2022, ISSN: 2296-7745, (Funding: This study is part of a publicly funded studentship, with joint funding from SeNSS-ARIES Doctoral Training Programmes (funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and the Natural Environment Research Council, respectively).).
@article{d70b52213a764efaa36f0bed525abd45,
title = {Understanding perceived effectiveness of a novel coastal management project: The case of the Bacton-Walcott sandscaping scheme, UK},
author = {Isabel Cotton and Johanna Forster and Irene Lorenzoni and Trevor J. Tolhurst},
doi = {10.3389/fmars.2022.1028819},
issn = {2296-7745},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-26},
journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
volume = {9},
publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
abstract = {Adaptation at actively receding coastal areas requires swift and long-term solutions that build resilience for both people and the environment. Nature-based solutions are increasingly being promoted over hard defences, but there is a lack of empirical research on the effectiveness of novel approaches, including those deployed at different scales. Sandscaping, a one-off large-scale deposition of sand (1.8 M m3) on a beach frontage, was implemented for the first time in the UK at a section of beach between Bacton and Walcott villages, in North Norfolk, in 2019. The purpose of sandscaping in this location was primarily to protect the nationally important gas terminal, and neighbouring villages from coastal erosion and flooding. This study investigates the perceived effectiveness and impacts of sandscaping on coastal residents, by eliciting views of residents in the two closest villages to the scheme, and comparing findings to geomorphological observations (using LiDAR data). A survey of Bacton and Walcott residents was distributed in January 2022, with n=77 responses. Results reveal wide differences in perceptions, and notable levels of doubt, on the ‘effectiveness’ of sandscaping at present and in the future, alongside different lived experiences of the scheme and prevailing distrust by some residents about coastal management. Keeping residents updated on changes to sandscaping with environmental data and communicating the advantages of nature-based solutions appear relevant in this context, but the diversity and contrast of resident perceptions illustrates deeper challenges for future coastal management planning. There is a need to think through how future coastal change can be planned for, drawing upon multiple social perspectives. This paper also illustrates that ‘effectiveness’ of sandscaping should be more widely examined in relation to the experiences and perspectives of those impacted by the scheme, and beyond evaluations of geomorphological change.},
note = {Funding: This study is part of a publicly funded studentship, with joint funding from SeNSS-ARIES Doctoral Training Programmes (funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and the Natural Environment Research Council, respectively).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Adaptation at actively receding coastal areas requires swift and long-term solutions that build resilience for both people and the environment. Nature-based solutions are increasingly being promoted over hard defences, but there is a lack of empirical research on the effectiveness of novel approaches, including those deployed at different scales. Sandscaping, a one-off large-scale deposition of sand (1.8 M m3) on a beach frontage, was implemented for the first time in the UK at a section of beach between Bacton and Walcott villages, in North Norfolk, in 2019. The purpose of sandscaping in this location was primarily to protect the nationally important gas terminal, and neighbouring villages from coastal erosion and flooding. This study investigates the perceived effectiveness and impacts of sandscaping on coastal residents, by eliciting views of residents in the two closest villages to the scheme, and comparing findings to geomorphological observations (using LiDAR data). A survey of Bacton and Walcott residents was distributed in January 2022, with n=77 responses. Results reveal wide differences in perceptions, and notable levels of doubt, on the ‘effectiveness’ of sandscaping at present and in the future, alongside different lived experiences of the scheme and prevailing distrust by some residents about coastal management. Keeping residents updated on changes to sandscaping with environmental data and communicating the advantages of nature-based solutions appear relevant in this context, but the diversity and contrast of resident perceptions illustrates deeper challenges for future coastal management planning. There is a need to think through how future coastal change can be planned for, drawing upon multiple social perspectives. This paper also illustrates that ‘effectiveness’ of sandscaping should be more widely examined in relation to the experiences and perspectives of those impacted by the scheme, and beyond evaluations of geomorphological change.
Vasilakos, Nicholas; Pitelis, Alkis Theonas; Horsewood, Nick; Pitelis, Christos
Place-based public investment in regional infrastructure, the locational choice of firms and regional performance: The case of India Journal Article
In: Regional Studies, 2022, ISSN: 0034-3404.
@article{9b2b006e3a08451d98d713d7de8d9607,
title = {Place-based public investment in regional infrastructure, the locational choice of firms and regional performance: The case of India},
author = {Nicholas Vasilakos and Alkis Theonas Pitelis and Nick Horsewood and Christos Pitelis},
doi = {10.1080/00343404.2022.2146666},
issn = {0034-3404},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-25},
journal = {Regional Studies},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {We discuss conceptual reasons for and propose public investment in regional infrastructure as a hybrid form of a place-based regional industrial policy aiming to foster the regional economic activity of lagging regions. We present and empirically test a baseline model using data for fourteen Indian regions/states over a period of 39 years. Our results show that place-based regional infrastructure investments, particularly in electricity generating capacity and width-adjusted length of national highways, positively impact the relative number of firms operating in a region and help foster its economic performance.},
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We discuss conceptual reasons for and propose public investment in regional infrastructure as a hybrid form of a place-based regional industrial policy aiming to foster the regional economic activity of lagging regions. We present and empirically test a baseline model using data for fourteen Indian regions/states over a period of 39 years. Our results show that place-based regional infrastructure investments, particularly in electricity generating capacity and width-adjusted length of national highways, positively impact the relative number of firms operating in a region and help foster its economic performance.
Hicks, Christina C.; Gephart, Jessica A.; Koehn, J. Zachary; Nakayama, Shinnosuke; Payne, Hanna J.; Allison, Edward H.; Belhbib, Dyhia; Cao, Ling; Cohen, Philippa J.; Fanzo, Jessica; Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne; Gelcich, Stefan; Golden, Christopher D.; Gorospe, Kelvin D.; Isaacs, Moenieba; Kuempel, Caitlin. D.; Lee, Kai N.; MacNeil, M. Aaron; Maire, Eva; Njuki, Jemimah; Rao, Nitya; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Selig, Elizabeth R.; Thilsted, Shakuntala H.; Wabnitz, Colette C. C.; Naylor, Rosamond L.
Rights and representation support justice across aquatic food systems Journal Article
In: Nature Food, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 851–861, 2022, ISSN: 2662-1355.
@article{c44f557cdce34390ab8aa388aefdd4ca,
title = {Rights and representation support justice across aquatic food systems},
author = {Christina C. Hicks and Jessica A. Gephart and J. Zachary Koehn and Shinnosuke Nakayama and Hanna J. Payne and Edward H. Allison and Dyhia Belhbib and Ling Cao and Philippa J. Cohen and Jessica Fanzo and Etienne Fluet-Chouinard and Stefan Gelcich and Christopher D. Golden and Kelvin D. Gorospe and Moenieba Isaacs and Caitlin. D. Kuempel and Kai N. Lee and M. Aaron MacNeil and Eva Maire and Jemimah Njuki and Nitya Rao and U. Rashid Sumaila and Elizabeth R. Selig and Shakuntala H. Thilsted and Colette C. C. Wabnitz and Rosamond L. Naylor},
doi = {10.1038/s43016-022-00618-4},
issn = {2662-1355},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-18},
journal = {Nature Food},
volume = {3},
number = {10},
pages = {851--861},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
abstract = {Injustices are prevalent in food systems, where the accumulation of vast wealth is possible for a few, yet one in ten people remain hungry. Here, for 194 countries we combine aquatic food production, distribution and consumption data with corresponding national policy documents and, drawing on theories of social justice, explore whether barriers to participation explain unequal distributions of benefits. Using Bayesian models, we find economic and political barriers are associated with lower wealth-based benefits; countries produce and consume less when wealth, formal education and voice and accountability are lacking. In contrast, social barriers are associated with lower welfare-based benefits; aquatic foods are less affordable where gender inequality is greater. Our analyses of policy documents reveal a frequent failure to address political and gender-based barriers. However, policies linked to more just food system outcomes centre principles of human rights, specify inclusive decision-making processes and identify and challenge drivers of injustice.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Injustices are prevalent in food systems, where the accumulation of vast wealth is possible for a few, yet one in ten people remain hungry. Here, for 194 countries we combine aquatic food production, distribution and consumption data with corresponding national policy documents and, drawing on theories of social justice, explore whether barriers to participation explain unequal distributions of benefits. Using Bayesian models, we find economic and political barriers are associated with lower wealth-based benefits; countries produce and consume less when wealth, formal education and voice and accountability are lacking. In contrast, social barriers are associated with lower welfare-based benefits; aquatic foods are less affordable where gender inequality is greater. Our analyses of policy documents reveal a frequent failure to address political and gender-based barriers. However, policies linked to more just food system outcomes centre principles of human rights, specify inclusive decision-making processes and identify and challenge drivers of injustice.
Goodess, Clare Mary; Troccoli, Alberto; Vasilakos, Nicholas; Dorling, Stephen; Amies, Jessica D.; Brown, Hannah; Chowienczyk, Katie; Dyer, Emma; Formenton, Marco; Nicolosi, Antonio M.; Calcagni, Elena; Cavedon, Valentina; Perez, Victor Estella; Geertsema, Gertie; Krikken, Folmer; Nielsen, Kristian Lautrup; Petitta, Marcello; Vidal, José; Ruiter, Martijn; Savage, Ian; Upton, Jon
The value-add of tailored seasonal forecast information for industry decision-making Journal Article
In: Climate, vol. 10, no. 10, 2022, ISSN: 2225-1154, (Funding information: The SECLI-FIRM project was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement 776868.).
@article{f37e11b3337545d18c464408ab3256a3,
title = {The value-add of tailored seasonal forecast information for industry decision-making},
author = {Clare Mary Goodess and Alberto Troccoli and Nicholas Vasilakos and Stephen Dorling and Jessica D. Amies and Hannah Brown and Katie Chowienczyk and Emma Dyer and Marco Formenton and Antonio M. Nicolosi and Elena Calcagni and Valentina Cavedon and Victor Estella Perez and Gertie Geertsema and Folmer Krikken and Kristian Lautrup Nielsen and Marcello Petitta and José Vidal and Martijn Ruiter and Ian Savage and Jon Upton},
doi = {10.3390/cli10100152},
issn = {2225-1154},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-16},
journal = {Climate},
volume = {10},
number = {10},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {There is a growing need for more systematic, robust, and comprehensive information on the value-add of climate services from both the demand and supply sides. There is a shortage of published value-add assessments that focus on the decision-making context, involve participatory or co-evaluation approaches, avoid over-simplification, and address both the quantitative (e.g., economic) and qualitative (e.g., social) values of climate services. The 12 case studies that formed the basis of the European Union-funded SECLI-FIRM project were co-designed by industrial and research partners in order to address these gaps while focusing on the use of tailored sub-seasonal and seasonal forecasts in the energy and water industries. For eight of these case studies, it was possible to apply quantitative economic valuation methods: econometric modelling was used in five case studies while three case studies used a cost/loss (relative economic value) analysis and avoided costs. The case studies illustrated the challenges in attempting to produce quantitative estimates of the economic value-add of these forecasts. At the same time, many of them highlighted how practical value for users—transcending the actual economic value—can be enhanced; for example, through the provision of climate services as an extension to their current use of weather forecasts and with the visualisation tailored towards the user.},
note = {Funding information: The SECLI-FIRM project was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement 776868.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
There is a growing need for more systematic, robust, and comprehensive information on the value-add of climate services from both the demand and supply sides. There is a shortage of published value-add assessments that focus on the decision-making context, involve participatory or co-evaluation approaches, avoid over-simplification, and address both the quantitative (e.g., economic) and qualitative (e.g., social) values of climate services. The 12 case studies that formed the basis of the European Union-funded SECLI-FIRM project were co-designed by industrial and research partners in order to address these gaps while focusing on the use of tailored sub-seasonal and seasonal forecasts in the energy and water industries. For eight of these case studies, it was possible to apply quantitative economic valuation methods: econometric modelling was used in five case studies while three case studies used a cost/loss (relative economic value) analysis and avoided costs. The case studies illustrated the challenges in attempting to produce quantitative estimates of the economic value-add of these forecasts. At the same time, many of them highlighted how practical value for users—transcending the actual economic value—can be enhanced; for example, through the provision of climate services as an extension to their current use of weather forecasts and with the visualisation tailored towards the user.
Fernandez, Iokine Rodriguez
Parque Nacional Canaima, Patrimonio Mundial. Espiritu del Mal? Journal Article
In: Revista PH, 2022, ISSN: 2340-7565.
@article{665c21056ea04a1d948f08a4fff6bef8,
title = {Parque Nacional Canaima, Patrimonio Mundial. Espiritu del Mal?},
author = {Iokine Rodriguez Fernandez},
doi = {10.33349/2022.107.5178},
issn = {2340-7565},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-10},
journal = {Revista PH},
abstract = {The Canaima National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site, internationally recognized as one of the natural wonders of the world, is the ancestral land of the Pemón indigenous people. Despite the intimate connection of this indigenous people with nature and their strong historical and cultural bond with this area, their relationship with the Canaima National Park and World Patronage has not been a happy one. This article examines why and suggests ways in which UNESCO could help ensure that the worldviews and rights of traditional inhabitants receive greater consideration in the future implementation of the World Heritage Convention.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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The Canaima National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site, internationally recognized as one of the natural wonders of the world, is the ancestral land of the Pemón indigenous people. Despite the intimate connection of this indigenous people with nature and their strong historical and cultural bond with this area, their relationship with the Canaima National Park and World Patronage has not been a happy one. This article examines why and suggests ways in which UNESCO could help ensure that the worldviews and rights of traditional inhabitants receive greater consideration in the future implementation of the World Heritage Convention.
Turner, Rachel A.; Forster, Johanna; Fitzsimmons, Clare; Mahon, Robin
Expanding narratives of governance constraints to improve coral reef conservation Journal Article
In: Conservation Biology, vol. 36, no. 5, 2022, ISSN: 0888-8892, (Funding Information: This research was funded by the European Union 7th Framework program (FP7/2007‐2013) under grant agreement 244161.).
@article{fe4e7e2932ea458f935be4a979050499,
title = {Expanding narratives of governance constraints to improve coral reef conservation},
author = {Rachel A. Turner and Johanna Forster and Clare Fitzsimmons and Robin Mahon},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.13933},
issn = {0888-8892},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-01},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
volume = {36},
number = {5},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {To understand and address the failures of reef governance, it is critical to understand the perceptions of diverse policy makers and practitioners about the challenges they face in achieving their goals. Examining the discourse of policy makers and practitioners can reveal the extent to which these perceptions capture the full spectrum of potential governance challenges, including those related to management, institutional structures and processes, the values and principles underpinning governance, and the social and environmental context. We conducted semistructured interviews with 110 policy makers and practitioners across multiple sectors, scales, and contexts in Barbados, St Kitts and Nevis, Belize, and Honduras. We used thematic qualitative analysis informed by theories of interactive governance and governability to examine the challenges perceived by governance actors. Perceived governance challenges were broadly consistent across countries, but differed by sector (V = 0.819, F},
note = {Funding Information: This research was funded by the European Union 7th Framework program (FP7/2007‐2013) under grant agreement 244161.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
To understand and address the failures of reef governance, it is critical to understand the perceptions of diverse policy makers and practitioners about the challenges they face in achieving their goals. Examining the discourse of policy makers and practitioners can reveal the extent to which these perceptions capture the full spectrum of potential governance challenges, including those related to management, institutional structures and processes, the values and principles underpinning governance, and the social and environmental context. We conducted semistructured interviews with 110 policy makers and practitioners across multiple sectors, scales, and contexts in Barbados, St Kitts and Nevis, Belize, and Honduras. We used thematic qualitative analysis informed by theories of interactive governance and governability to examine the challenges perceived by governance actors. Perceived governance challenges were broadly consistent across countries, but differed by sector (V = 0.819, F
Blakelock, Elizabeth; Turnpenny, John
In: Policy & Politics, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 507–525, 2022, ISSN: 0305-5736.
@article{a1d65f51e05a4c55989e12e560235fd1,
title = {The impact of participatory policy formulation on regulatory legitimacy: the case of Great Britain’s Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem)},
author = {Elizabeth Blakelock and John Turnpenny},
doi = {10.1332/030557321X16510710879298},
issn = {0305-5736},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-01},
journal = {Policy & Politics},
volume = {50},
number = {4},
pages = {507–525},
publisher = {Policy Press},
abstract = {Energy markets policy in Great Britain has been largely delegated from elected representatives to a market regulator: the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem). Regulatory legitimacy requires due process and appropriate expertise to expose the regulator to democratic influence. As the legitimacy of regulatory participation processes start to be discussed more intensively in the European context, this timely article examines the relationship between the use of policy formulation tools and the resulting legitimacy gained by an independent market regulator. It employs a detailed case study analysing how participatory policy formulation tools - deliberative focus groups with members of the public, and stakeholder consultations - were used in energy markets policy formulation in Ofgem between 2007 and 2016. Through assessing the actors, venues, capacities and effects associated with selection and use of the tools, it finds there were inequalities of influence between different policy actors which posed a significant challenge to legitimacy.},
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Energy markets policy in Great Britain has been largely delegated from elected representatives to a market regulator: the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem). Regulatory legitimacy requires due process and appropriate expertise to expose the regulator to democratic influence. As the legitimacy of regulatory participation processes start to be discussed more intensively in the European context, this timely article examines the relationship between the use of policy formulation tools and the resulting legitimacy gained by an independent market regulator. It employs a detailed case study analysing how participatory policy formulation tools - deliberative focus groups with members of the public, and stakeholder consultations - were used in energy markets policy formulation in Ofgem between 2007 and 2016. Through assessing the actors, venues, capacities and effects associated with selection and use of the tools, it finds there were inequalities of influence between different policy actors which posed a significant challenge to legitimacy.
Osborne, Matthew; Lambe, Fiona; Ran, Ylva; Dehmel, Naira; Tabacco, Giovanni Alberto; Balungira, Joshua; Perez-Viana, Borja; Widmark, Erik; Holmlid, Stefan; Verschoor, Arjan
Designing development interventions: The application of service design and discrete choice experiments in complex settings Journal Article
In: World Development, vol. 158, 2022, ISSN: 0305-750X.
@article{ce2205cac16c4f29a1e2003d02fb7150,
title = {Designing development interventions: The application of service design and discrete choice experiments in complex settings},
author = {Matthew Osborne and Fiona Lambe and Ylva Ran and Naira Dehmel and Giovanni Alberto Tabacco and Joshua Balungira and Borja Perez-Viana and Erik Widmark and Stefan Holmlid and Arjan Verschoor},
doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105998},
issn = {0305-750X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-01},
journal = {World Development},
volume = {158},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The persistence of problems such as endemic poverty, rising inequalities, climate change and biodiversity loss demands us to find solutions which are embedded in a highly complex web of interacting social, technological, and ecological processes. Service design (SD), an approach to directly involve citizens in the development and improvement of services and systems, shows promise as a tool to support the design of interventions to address complex development challenges in the Global South. In this paper we describe how service design was used alongside discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to inform the design of a Weather Index Insurance product for small holder farmers in Uganda. As part of the service design process, we used archetypes to capture and articulate the multiple vulnerabilities of farmers and quickly test prototype insurance packages to identify important design features. DCEs tested promising design features in a manner that complemented as well as triangulated the service design phase. The results of both phases were used to inform the design of a WII product that has been taken up by major insurance providers in Uganda. The approach complements and builds on qualitative work typically done to inform DCEs by opening up space for research participants to question core assumptions, and by involving respondents directly in the process of designing a future service.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The persistence of problems such as endemic poverty, rising inequalities, climate change and biodiversity loss demands us to find solutions which are embedded in a highly complex web of interacting social, technological, and ecological processes. Service design (SD), an approach to directly involve citizens in the development and improvement of services and systems, shows promise as a tool to support the design of interventions to address complex development challenges in the Global South. In this paper we describe how service design was used alongside discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to inform the design of a Weather Index Insurance product for small holder farmers in Uganda. As part of the service design process, we used archetypes to capture and articulate the multiple vulnerabilities of farmers and quickly test prototype insurance packages to identify important design features. DCEs tested promising design features in a manner that complemented as well as triangulated the service design phase. The results of both phases were used to inform the design of a WII product that has been taken up by major insurance providers in Uganda. The approach complements and builds on qualitative work typically done to inform DCEs by opening up space for research participants to question core assumptions, and by involving respondents directly in the process of designing a future service.
Rao, Nitya; Patil, Sheetal; Singh, Chandni; Roy, Parama; Pryor, Charles; Poonacha, Prathigna; Genes, Mariam
Cultivating sustainable and healthy cities: A systematic literature review of the outcomes of urban and peri-urban agriculture Journal Article
In: Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 85, 2022, ISSN: 2210-6707, (Acknowledgements: Authors acknowledge support from Holly Ruffhead for initial query-based searches of literature from three large publication databases. Authors acknowledge financial support from British Academy's “Urban Infrastructures of Well-Being” programme, under the UK Government's Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) for the research project titled ‘Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture as Green Infrastructure: Implication on wellbeing and sustainability in the Global South’.).
@article{4e74a0805ed64cf59d64e838c7addcff,
title = {Cultivating sustainable and healthy cities: A systematic literature review of the outcomes of urban and peri-urban agriculture},
author = {Nitya Rao and Sheetal Patil and Chandni Singh and Parama Roy and Charles Pryor and Prathigna Poonacha and Mariam Genes},
doi = {10.1016/j.scs.2022.104063},
issn = {2210-6707},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-01},
journal = {Sustainable Cities and Society},
volume = {85},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Despite considerable interest in urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in recent decades, its contributions to urban sustainability and human wellbeing remain contested. This systematic literature review examines the geographical landscape of the peer-reviewed literature on UPA and assesses its reported outcomes on sustainability and wellbeing. Following systematic review protocols, we undertook a two-step literature screening and quality assessment process. From a total of 4,029 articles, based inclusion-exclusion criteria, we filtered 320 articles for quantitative and 86 for qualitative assessment. Quantitative analysis confirmed an exponential increase in literature on UPA since 2015 and a regional bias towards the Global North. The qualitative analysis identified six thematic outcomes of UPA under three sustainability pillars - environmental sustainability; material well-being; labour and livelihoods; land tenure and urban planning; and food and nutritional security as part of economic sustainability; and subjective and relational wellbeing as well as gender and social differentiation as elements of social sustainability. Environmental sustainability was most discussed, followed by subjective wellbeing and food and nutritional security. Gender and social differentiation issues were least represented in the papers. There remain knowledge gaps around how urban policy and planning can recognise, leverage, and scale up the sustainability and wellbeing co-benefits of UPA.},
note = {Acknowledgements: Authors acknowledge support from Holly Ruffhead for initial query-based searches of literature from three large publication databases. Authors acknowledge financial support from British Academy's “Urban Infrastructures of Well-Being” programme, under the UK Government's Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) for the research project titled ‘Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture as Green Infrastructure: Implication on wellbeing and sustainability in the Global South’.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Despite considerable interest in urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in recent decades, its contributions to urban sustainability and human wellbeing remain contested. This systematic literature review examines the geographical landscape of the peer-reviewed literature on UPA and assesses its reported outcomes on sustainability and wellbeing. Following systematic review protocols, we undertook a two-step literature screening and quality assessment process. From a total of 4,029 articles, based inclusion-exclusion criteria, we filtered 320 articles for quantitative and 86 for qualitative assessment. Quantitative analysis confirmed an exponential increase in literature on UPA since 2015 and a regional bias towards the Global North. The qualitative analysis identified six thematic outcomes of UPA under three sustainability pillars - environmental sustainability; material well-being; labour and livelihoods; land tenure and urban planning; and food and nutritional security as part of economic sustainability; and subjective and relational wellbeing as well as gender and social differentiation as elements of social sustainability. Environmental sustainability was most discussed, followed by subjective wellbeing and food and nutritional security. Gender and social differentiation issues were least represented in the papers. There remain knowledge gaps around how urban policy and planning can recognise, leverage, and scale up the sustainability and wellbeing co-benefits of UPA.
Fisher, Stephen D.; Kenny, John; Poortinga, Wouter; Böhm, Gisela; Steg, Linda
The politicisation of climate change attitudes in Europe Journal Article
In: Electoral Studies, vol. 79, 2022, ISSN: 0261-3794.
@article{5765a1d2c5d74ab6836ae1195c92e07d,
title = {The politicisation of climate change attitudes in Europe},
author = {Stephen D. Fisher and John Kenny and Wouter Poortinga and Gisela Böhm and Linda Steg},
doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2022.102499},
issn = {0261-3794},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-01},
journal = {Electoral Studies},
volume = {79},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Do voters for different parties have distinct climate attitudes because of their positions on other issues? With European Social Survey (ESS) data, we find that in Western (but not Central and Eastern) Europe there is a linkage between left-right self-placement and climate attitudes that cannot be accounted for by economic egalitarianism or liberal cultural attitudes. That linkage partly but not fully accounts for why voters for different party families have different beliefs and worries about climate change. Green party voters are more climate conscious than other voters with similar left-wing identities and political values. Not only Populist-Right but also mainstream Conservative party-family voters are less worried about climate change than their left-right orientations and other political values suggest. While Western European countries nearly all follow the same pattern, there is no consistent structure in Central and Eastern European countries. Across Europe non-voters are less worried about climate change than voters.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Do voters for different parties have distinct climate attitudes because of their positions on other issues? With European Social Survey (ESS) data, we find that in Western (but not Central and Eastern) Europe there is a linkage between left-right self-placement and climate attitudes that cannot be accounted for by economic egalitarianism or liberal cultural attitudes. That linkage partly but not fully accounts for why voters for different party families have different beliefs and worries about climate change. Green party voters are more climate conscious than other voters with similar left-wing identities and political values. Not only Populist-Right but also mainstream Conservative party-family voters are less worried about climate change than their left-right orientations and other political values suggest. While Western European countries nearly all follow the same pattern, there is no consistent structure in Central and Eastern European countries. Across Europe non-voters are less worried about climate change than voters.
D'Exelle, Ben; Habraken, Rik; Verschoor, Arjan
What should I aspire to? Peer effects in adolescents’ friendship networks Journal Article
In: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2022, ISSN: 0013-0079.
@article{26a33377f939476a987a14f238de29b3,
title = {What should I aspire to? Peer effects in adolescents’ friendship networks},
author = {Ben D'Exelle and Rik Habraken and Arjan Verschoor},
doi = {10.1086/720543},
issn = {0013-0079},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-01},
journal = {Economic Development and Cultural Change},
publisher = {University of Chicago},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Price, Jeff; Warren, Rachel; Forstenhäusler, Nicole; Wallace, Craig; Jenkins, Rhosanna; Osborn, Timothy J.; Vuuren, D. P. Van
Quantification of meteorological drought risks between 1.5°C and 4°C of global warming in six countries Journal Article
In: Climatic Change, vol. 174, no. 1-2, 2022, ISSN: 0165-0009, (Funding: The research leading to these results received funding from the UK Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS). TJO also received support from the Belmont Forum and JPI-Climate project INTEGRATE funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/P006809/1).).
@article{3210f3df482f4483826c1c9773d07ca3,
title = {Quantification of meteorological drought risks between 1.5°C and 4°C of global warming in six countries},
author = {Jeff Price and Rachel Warren and Nicole Forstenhäusler and Craig Wallace and Rhosanna Jenkins and Timothy J. Osborn and D. P. Van Vuuren},
doi = {10.1007/s10584-022-03359-2},
issn = {0165-0009},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-28},
journal = {Climatic Change},
volume = {174},
number = {1-2},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {We quantify the projected impacts of alternative levels of global warming upon the probability and length of severe drought in six countries (China, Brazil, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana and India). This includes an examination of different land cover classes, and a calculation of the proportion of population in 2100 (SSP2) at exposed to severe drought lasting longer than one year. Current pledges for climate change mitigation, which are projected to still result in global warming levels of 3°C or more, would impact all of the countries in this study. For example, with 3°C warming, more than 50% of the agricultural area in each country is projected to be exposed to severe droughts of longer than one year in a 30-year period. Using standard population projections, it is estimated that 80%-100% of the population in Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia and Ghana (and nearly 50% of the population of India) are projected to be exposed to a severe drought lasting one year or longer in a 30-year period. In contrast, we find that meeting the long-term temperature goal of the Paris Agreement, that is limiting warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, is projected to greatly benefit all of the countries in this study, greatly reducing exposure to severe drought for large percentages of the population and in all major land cover classes, with Egypt potentially benefiting the most.},
note = {Funding: The research leading to these results received funding from the UK Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS). TJO also received support from the Belmont Forum and JPI-Climate project INTEGRATE funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/P006809/1).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We quantify the projected impacts of alternative levels of global warming upon the probability and length of severe drought in six countries (China, Brazil, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana and India). This includes an examination of different land cover classes, and a calculation of the proportion of population in 2100 (SSP2) at exposed to severe drought lasting longer than one year. Current pledges for climate change mitigation, which are projected to still result in global warming levels of 3°C or more, would impact all of the countries in this study. For example, with 3°C warming, more than 50% of the agricultural area in each country is projected to be exposed to severe droughts of longer than one year in a 30-year period. Using standard population projections, it is estimated that 80%-100% of the population in Brazil, China, Egypt, Ethiopia and Ghana (and nearly 50% of the population of India) are projected to be exposed to a severe drought lasting one year or longer in a 30-year period. In contrast, we find that meeting the long-term temperature goal of the Paris Agreement, that is limiting warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, is projected to greatly benefit all of the countries in this study, greatly reducing exposure to severe drought for large percentages of the population and in all major land cover classes, with Egypt potentially benefiting the most.
Plank, Sien; Brown, Sally; Thompkins, Emma L.; Nicholls, Robert J.
A typology of responsibility for coastal flood risk adaptation Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Marine Science, vol. 9, 2022, ISSN: 2296-7745, (Data Availability Statement: All data supporting this study are openly available from the University of Southampton repository at https://doi.org/10.5258/SOTON/D1609 and http://dx.doi.org/10.5258/SOTON/D1608. Funding information: This work was funded through UKRI ESRC ES/W006189/1. The first named author would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and the Leverhulme Trust for their funding toward the PhD research on which this paper is based.).
@article{2e6d6f26582148858cdc775fe25f4743,
title = {A typology of responsibility for coastal flood risk adaptation},
author = {Sien Plank and Sally Brown and Emma L. Thompkins and Robert J. Nicholls},
doi = {10.3389/fmars.2022.954950},
issn = {2296-7745},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-23},
journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
volume = {9},
publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
abstract = {The management of coastal flood risk is adapting to meet the challenges and increased risks posed by population change as well as by climate change, especially sea level rise. Protection is being targeted to areas where the benefits are highest, while elsewhere there is a shift towards more localized “living with floods” and “resilience” approaches. Such decentralized approaches to flood risk management (FRM) require a diverse range of stakeholder groups to be engaged as “flood risk citizens”. Engagement of households in FRM is central to this process. Despite significant research on stakeholder engagement in coastal and flood risk management, there is less focus on the nature of responsibility in coastal adaptation. There is no framework by which to assess the different types of responsibility in hazard management and adaptation, and little research on the implications of expecting these responsibilities of stakeholder groups. In this paper, we identify five types of responsibility that are embedded throughout the disaster risk reduction cycle of managing coastal flooding. We build this ”typology of responsibility” on existing work on the evolution of stakeholder engagement and stakeholder responsibility relationships in risk management processes, and a dataset of institutional stakeholder interviews and households surveys conducted across three case studies in England, the United Kingdom, in 2018 and 2019. We analyze the interviews using thematic analysis to explore institutional stakeholder perceptions of responsibility in coastal FRM, and analyze the household survey through descriptive and inferential statistics. By developing the first disaster risk reduction focused typology of responsibility for coastal flooding, we provide researchers and decision-makers with a tool to guide their planning and allocation of responsibilities in risk management for floods and other climate-driven hazards.},
note = {Data Availability Statement: All data supporting this study are openly available from the University of Southampton repository at https://doi.org/10.5258/SOTON/D1609 and http://dx.doi.org/10.5258/SOTON/D1608. Funding information: This work was funded through UKRI ESRC ES/W006189/1. The first named author would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and the Leverhulme Trust for their funding toward the PhD research on which this paper is based.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The management of coastal flood risk is adapting to meet the challenges and increased risks posed by population change as well as by climate change, especially sea level rise. Protection is being targeted to areas where the benefits are highest, while elsewhere there is a shift towards more localized “living with floods” and “resilience” approaches. Such decentralized approaches to flood risk management (FRM) require a diverse range of stakeholder groups to be engaged as “flood risk citizens”. Engagement of households in FRM is central to this process. Despite significant research on stakeholder engagement in coastal and flood risk management, there is less focus on the nature of responsibility in coastal adaptation. There is no framework by which to assess the different types of responsibility in hazard management and adaptation, and little research on the implications of expecting these responsibilities of stakeholder groups. In this paper, we identify five types of responsibility that are embedded throughout the disaster risk reduction cycle of managing coastal flooding. We build this ”typology of responsibility” on existing work on the evolution of stakeholder engagement and stakeholder responsibility relationships in risk management processes, and a dataset of institutional stakeholder interviews and households surveys conducted across three case studies in England, the United Kingdom, in 2018 and 2019. We analyze the interviews using thematic analysis to explore institutional stakeholder perceptions of responsibility in coastal FRM, and analyze the household survey through descriptive and inferential statistics. By developing the first disaster risk reduction focused typology of responsibility for coastal flooding, we provide researchers and decision-makers with a tool to guide their planning and allocation of responsibilities in risk management for floods and other climate-driven hazards.
Radakovic, Chelsea; Radakovic, Ratko; Peryer, Guy; Geere, Jo-Anne
Psychedelics and mindfulness: A systematic review and meta-analysis Journal Article
In: Journal of Psychedelic Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 137–153, 2022, ISSN: 2559-9283.
@article{cb4bbb28a77a48ad8a4d0dd76f30bc80,
title = {Psychedelics and mindfulness: A systematic review and meta-analysis},
author = {Chelsea Radakovic and Ratko Radakovic and Guy Peryer and Jo-Anne Geere},
doi = {10.1556/2054.2022.00218},
issn = {2559-9283},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-23},
journal = {Journal of Psychedelic Studies},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {137--153},
publisher = {Akademiai Kiado},
abstract = {Background and aims: The benefits of classic serotonergic psychedelics (e.g. psilocybin, LSD, DMT, ayahuasca) are becoming more widely known with the resurgence in research in the past decade. Furthermore, the benefits of mindfulness are well documented. However, no systematic reviews have examined linkage of mindfulness and psychedelics use. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the link between psychedelics and characteristics of mindfulness. Methods: We conducted a systematic search across multiple databases, inclusive of grey literature and backwards/forward-citation tracking, on the 18 January 2021. The search strategy included terms relating to mindfulness and psychedelics, with no restriction on clinical or non-clinical conditions. Study quality was assessed. An exploratory random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on pre-post mindfulness data relative to psychedelic ingestion. Results: Of 1805 studies screened, 13 were included in the systematic review. There was substantial variability in participant characteristics, psychedelic administration method and measurement of mindfulness. The ingestion of psychedelics is associated with an increase in mindfulness, specifically relating to domains of acceptance, which encompasses non-judgement of inner experience and non-reactivity. The meta-analysis of a subset of studies (N = 6) showed small effects overall relative to ayahuasca ingestion, increasing mindfulness facets of non-judgement of inner experience and non-reactivity, as well as acting with awareness. Conclusions: Further methodologically robust research is needed to elucidate the relationship between psychedelics and mindfulness. However, mindfulness and specific facets relating to acceptance have been shown to increase following ingestion of psychedelics in a number of studies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background and aims: The benefits of classic serotonergic psychedelics (e.g. psilocybin, LSD, DMT, ayahuasca) are becoming more widely known with the resurgence in research in the past decade. Furthermore, the benefits of mindfulness are well documented. However, no systematic reviews have examined linkage of mindfulness and psychedelics use. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the link between psychedelics and characteristics of mindfulness. Methods: We conducted a systematic search across multiple databases, inclusive of grey literature and backwards/forward-citation tracking, on the 18 January 2021. The search strategy included terms relating to mindfulness and psychedelics, with no restriction on clinical or non-clinical conditions. Study quality was assessed. An exploratory random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on pre-post mindfulness data relative to psychedelic ingestion. Results: Of 1805 studies screened, 13 were included in the systematic review. There was substantial variability in participant characteristics, psychedelic administration method and measurement of mindfulness. The ingestion of psychedelics is associated with an increase in mindfulness, specifically relating to domains of acceptance, which encompasses non-judgement of inner experience and non-reactivity. The meta-analysis of a subset of studies (N = 6) showed small effects overall relative to ayahuasca ingestion, increasing mindfulness facets of non-judgement of inner experience and non-reactivity, as well as acting with awareness. Conclusions: Further methodologically robust research is needed to elucidate the relationship between psychedelics and mindfulness. However, mindfulness and specific facets relating to acceptance have been shown to increase following ingestion of psychedelics in a number of studies.
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