Tyndall Centre Publications

@article{8beee52ede7248a6b0aed94d3947eff4,

title = {Using human observations with instrument-based metrics to understand changing rainfall patterns},

author = {V. Savo and K. E. Kohfeld and J. Sillmann and C. Morton and J. Bailey and A. S. Haslerud and C. Le Quéré and D. Lepofsky},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-024-53861-7},

issn = {2041-1723},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {15},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},

abstract = {Shifting precipitation regimes are a well-documented and pervasive consequence of climate change. Subsistence-oriented communities worldwide can identify changes in rainfall patterns that most affect their lives. Here we scrutinize the importance of human-based rainfall observations (collated through a literature review spanning from 1994 to 2013) as climate metrics and the relevance of instrument-based precipitation indices to subsistence activities. For comparable time periods (1955-2005), changes observed by humans match well with instrumental records at same locations for well-established indices of rainfall (72% match), drought (76%), and extreme rainfall (81%), demonstrating that we can bring together human and instrumental observations. Many communities (1114 out of 1827) further identify increased variability and unpredictability in the start, end, and continuity of rainy seasons, all of which disrupt the cropping calendar, particularly in the Tropics. These changes in rainfall patterns and predictability are not fully captured by existing indices, and their social-ecological impacts are still understudied.},

note = {Data availability statement: The data about people observations are included in this article, in the supplementary information files and as source data. The instrumental observations were downloaded from the websites provided in Supplementary Table 1. Data completeness for the GCHNDEX and HadEX3 datasets (R95p, CDD; 1955–2005) are included as source data. Source data are provided with this paper. Correspondence and requests for other data should be addressed to V.S. Source data are provided with this paper. Code availability statement: Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to V.S. Funding information: V.S. was supported by the Government of Canada/avec l’appui du gouvernement du Canada, the Tula Foundation (Heriot Bay, BC, Canada) through the Hakai Institute (Heriot Bay, BC, Canada) and the Department of Education Science, University Roma Tre. K.E.K. was supported by the NSERC Canada Research Chair programme and NSERC Discovery Grant R832686. J.S. and A.S.H. were supported by the Research Council of Norway grant 244551/E10 (CiXPAG). J.S. further acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2037: “CLICCS-Climate, Climatic Change, and Society” - Project Number: 390683824, contribution to the Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN) of Universität Hamburg. C.L.Q. was supported by the UK Royal Society (Grant RPR1191063).},

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@article{1fd3fe219d2f47aeaec455ddae2aa7deb,

title = {Introducing BREEAM for Healthcare.},

author = {Andrew Welfle},

journal = {Health estate},

volume = {63},

number = {2},

pages = {57–59},

publisher = {Institute of Healthcare Engineering and Estate Management},

abstract = {Andrew Welfle, sustainability consultant at Faber Maunsell, discusses the recently introduced BREEAM for Healthcare assessment system for health sector buildings, and highlights the key elements of a building's design that contribute to a positive rating.},

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@article{f16d5adf1a964b469c52bc7bb5d775a8,

title = {Microalgae-based crop support technologies show multifaceted promise well-suited to looming threats},

author = {Jules R. Siedenburg and Everaldo Attard and Julian A. Mamo and Arjan Verschoor},

doi = {10.3390/environments11100220},

issn = {2076-3298},

journal = {Environments},

volume = {11},

number = {10},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {This review summarises the available evidence on the prospects for using microalgae or their extracts to support crop production. The evidence is limited but suggests technological promise in several distinct ways, namely, higher core productivity, enhanced resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, and better-quality produce. The different efficacy pathways of these microalgal technologies were examined to assess their scope to help address key farmer priorities. Their scope to help farmers face climate change and land degradation was a particular focus, given the magnitude of these threats. These microalgal technologies are framed in terms of their pertinence to farmer priorities due to the centrality of farmers to food systems. Notably, farmers’ technology adoption decisions are key to food system outcomes. The findings reported suggest that these crop support technologies could potentially deliver major benefits to farmers, consumers, and the environment. For the moment, however, this emerging literature remains largely neglected. Possible reasons for this are considered, as are potential ways forward. The review focuses particularly on the two most researched and widely available microalgae, the genera Arthrospira and Chlorella, in the interest of highlighting options farmers could adopt rapidly while research on the wider body of microalgae-based crop technologies continues.},

note = {Funding information: This research was funded by the Maltese government’s Ministry for Education, Sport, Youth, Research and Innovation under the project “Agri-food applications of microalgae: Learning from experience about their capacity to foster agricultural sustainability and food security despite climate change”, grant number UM REF:2023_048_UM_MSUN. Data Availability Statement: The data analysed were derived from resources available in the public domain, namely, the source documents cited. No new data were created for this study. Data sharing is therefore not applicable.},

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@article{f5f59ecbc225486fb24982afe5b82a9db,

title = {Decarbonising Kenya’s Domestic & Industry Sectors through Bioenergy: An Assessment of Biomass Resource Potential & GHG Performances},

author = {Andrew Welfle and Salome Chingaira and Alisher Kassenov},

issn = {0961-9534},

journal = {Biomass & Bioenergy},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {All countries are challenged with finding secure, affordable and clean energy options to drive sustainable development. Within many developing countries there is often strong reliance on traditional bioenergy from fuels such as charcoal, which is typically cheaper and readily available compared to fossil fuels. These fuels have large environmental impacts and place pressure on forests. Modern bioenergy using resources such as agricultural wastes and residues and through growing energy crops can provide alternative low carbon renewable energy opportunities. This research applies the Biomass Resource Model to explore potential bioenergy opportunities in Kenya. Attributional LCA analyses is undertaken to evaluate the potential GHG savings that may be achieved if briquettes produced from Kenyan biomass are used to replace fossil and traditional bioenergy fuels for household cooking and for industry. Kenyan agriculture can provide large opportunities for bioenergy - crop residues and animal wastes potentially providing up to 15.6 and 7.9 Mt(odt) by 2050. Implementing an energy crop planting strategy where 1% of available suitable lands are utilised by 2050 could produce >7 Mt of biomass fuels, rising to >36 Mt if 5% of lands were planted. Biomass briquette fuels could provide up to 8.01 TWh bioenergy for industry by 2050 – the GHG intensity of this energy being lower than that of the fossil fuels and significantly lower than that of the traditional biomass alternatives.},

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@article{b1aa759da4f3405fba4699a059a30f92,

title = {Emerging signals of climate change from the equator to the poles: New insights into a warming world},

author = {Matthew Collins and Jonathan D. Beverley and Thomas J. Bracegirdle and Jennifer Catto and Michelle McCrystall and Andrea Dittus and Nicolas Freychet and Jeremy Grist and Gabriele C. Hegerl and Paul R. Holland and Caroline Holmes and Simon A. Josey and Manoj Joshi and Ed Hawkins and Eunice Lo and Natalie Lord and Dann Mitchell and Paul-Arthur Monerie and Matthew D. K. Priestley and Adam Scaife and James Screen and Natasha Senior and David Sexton and Emily Shuckburgh and Stefan Siegert and Charles Simpson and David B. Stephenson and Rowan Sutton and Vikki Thompson and Laura J. Wilcox and Tim Woollings},

doi = {10.3389/fsci.2024.1340323},

issn = {2813-6330},

journal = {Frontiers in Science},

volume = {2},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {The reality of human-induced climate change is unequivocal and exerts an ever-increasing global impact. Access to the latest scientific information on current climate change and projection of future trends is important for planning adaptation measures and for informing international efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Identification of hazards and risks may be used to assess vulnerability, determine limits to adaptation, and enhance resilience to climate change. This article highlights how recent research programs are continuing to elucidate current processes and advance projections across major climate systems and identifies remaining knowledge gaps. Key findings include projected future increases in monsoon rainfall, resulting from a changing balance between the rainfall-reducing effect of aerosols and rainfall-increasing GHGs; a strengthening of the storm track in the North Atlantic; an increase in the fraction of precipitation that falls as rain at both poles; an increase in the frequency and severity of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, along with changes in ENSO teleconnections to North America and Europe; and an increase in the frequency of hazardous hot-humid extremes. These changes have the potential to increase risks to both human and natural systems. Nevertheless, these risks may be reduced via urgent, science-led adaptation and resilience measures and by reductions in GHGs.},

note = {Data availability statement: Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/cmip6/. Funding information: The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This paper is largely based on the results of two grants from the UK Natural Environment Research Council—Robust Spatial Projections of Real-World Climate Change, NE/N018486/1 and Emergence of Climate Hazards, NE/S004645/1. The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article, or the decision to submit it for publication.},

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@article{162ed67df18b41078782195ec6fb8b26b,

title = {Reimagining Spaces of Innovation for Water Efficiency and Demand Management: An Exploration of Professional Practices in the English Water Sector},

author = {Claire Hoolohan and Alison Leigh Browne},

issn = {1965-0175},

journal = {Water Alternatives},

volume = {11},

number = {3},

pages = {957–978},

publisher = {Water Alternatives Association},

abstract = {Social practice theories have established an important counter narrative to conventional accounts of demand. The core argument of this body of research is that, having focused on informing and incentivising behavioural change, demand management has largely neglected the social and material dimensions of everyday action that shape how and why resources are used. Despite making a compelling case for reframing demand management, there is limited evidence of practice-based approaches having gained a foothold in policy and business practices. This raises important questions regarding how and why certain modes of intervention are pursued at the expense of others and, more broadly, the factors that shape the pace and direction of innovation in demand management.In this paper we turn a practice-lens towards the professional practices of demand management. Using mixedmethods, we demonstrate how specific modes of intervention emerge as priorities within a social, political,semiotic and material landscape of professional practice. Our empirical analysis highlights four particularcontingencies of demand management that constrain the scope of interventions pursued. These are industryexpectations and ideals; modes of collaboration; processes of evidencing action; and hydrosocial disturbances.We discuss the implications of these findings, making suggestions as to how innovation in the practices of demandmanagement might be facilitated, and the role of academic research in this process.},

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@article{4301ed7b5d74444896bf4e90eea76500,

title = {Ecology and conservation under ageing and declining human populations},

author = {Lorenzo Marini and Péter Batáry and Rachel Carmenta and Kevin J. Gaston and Rowena Gordon and Cate Macinnis-Ng and Akira S. Mori and Martin Nuñez and Jos Barlow},

doi = {10.1111/1365-2664.14758},

issn = {0021-8901},

journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},

pages = {1982–1988},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {Much research and media attention has revolved around the environmental impacts of growing global human populations. While the conclusions remain contested, these assessments have largely neglected the ecological and conservation impacts of other key regional processes such as declining populations, ageing demographics and rural-to-urban migration. These demographic shifts are increasingly prevalent across many regions of the world, and will have significant direct effects on natural resource management and biodiversity conservation by altering individual consumption patterns, land use, land stewardship and natural disturbances. Given that the scientific foundation around this topic is still developing, we first present an initial examination of some of the key environmental impacts, aiming to elevate awareness and encourage further research in these areas. Beyond the ecological implications, declining populations, ageing demographics and rural-to-urban migration carry intricate social and cultural consequences that can affect people and nature interactions. Ecological studies that focus on single dimensions of biodiversity or ecosystem responses often overlook these complexities. Demographic changes are likely to be accompanied by shifts in environmental attitudes and connections with nature, all of which will influence our capacity to adapt to or mitigate environmental changes. Finally, environmental policy and practice frameworks are potentially unprepared and their success could be sensitive to these socio-cultural and demographic shifts. Synthesis and applications: This brief overview demonstrates that population decline, ageing and rural-to-urban migration can have extensive implications for biodiversity and the socio-cultural relationships between people and nature. However, the significance, dynamics and consequences of these processes are still largely overlooked. We believe that these changes warrant specific attention from the research, policy and practice communities, as understanding the outcomes and feedbacks associated with depopulation, ageing populations, loss of culture and tradition and ecological change could aid in designing landscapes and informing management that enhances both human well-being and biodiversity conservation.},

note = {Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Applied Ecology © 2024 British Ecological Society.},

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@article{5e29a66b047b45069a6d491a8af37b8bb,

title = {Unintended consequences: Unknowable and unavoidable, or knowable and unforgivable?},

author = {Claire Hoolohan},

doi = {10.3389/fclim.2021.737929},

issn = {2624-9553},

journal = {Frontiers in Climate},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S. A.},

abstract = {Recognizing that there are multiple environmental limits within which humanity can safely operate, it is essential that potential negative outcomes of seemingly positive actions are accounted for. This alertness to unintended consequences underscores the importance of so called ‘nexus’ research, which recognizes the integrated and interactive nature of water, energy and food systems, and aims to understand the broader implications of developments in any one of these systems. This article presents a novel framework for categorizing such detrimental unintended consequences, based upon how much is known about the system in question and the scope for avoiding any such unintended consequences. The framework comprises four categories (Knowable and Avoidable; Knowable and Unavoidable; Unknowable and Avoidable, and Unknowable and Unavoidable). The categories are explored with reference to examples in both the water-energy-food nexus and planetary boundary frameworks. The examples highlight the potential for the unexpected to happen and explore dynamic nature of the situations that give rise to the unexpected. The article concludes with guidance on how the framework can be used to increase confidence that best efforts have been made to navigate our way towards secure and sustainable water, energy and food systems, avoiding and/or managing unintended consequences along the way.},

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@article{622aa640f3704c2db213c36431ef67e3,

title = {Estimating methane emissions from manure management: A suitable case for treatment?},

author = {Neil Ward and Andrew Atkins and Penny Atkins},

doi = {10.1088/2976-601X/ad64d7},

issn = {2976-601X},

journal = {Environmental Research: Food Systems},

volume = {1},

number = {2},

publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd},

abstract = {Methane from livestock is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. Under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Annex I countries’ National Inventories report emissions from cattle as enteric or from manure management at ratios of between 3:1 and 9:1 depending on country and cattle type. Field research generally supports the inventories’ assumptions about enteric emissions, but these ratios have focused interest on enteric emissions and diverted attention away from those from manure management. Official calculations about manure management emissions factors are more varied than those for enteric emissions and evidence from field measurements suggests inventories may be underestimating manure management emissions especially in the dairy sector. This paper has three objectives. First, it reviews the science underpinning the international framework for estimating methane emissions from manure management. Second, it presents data from two dairy farms in south-west England where measured emissions of methane from slurry storage facilities are found to be four to five times greater than the assumptions in the UK’s inventory. If these measurements were representative of the UK, the implication is that total methane emissions from the UK dairy herd would be over 40 per cent greater than the level reported to the UNFCCC and the proportion of total methane emissions from dairy cows arising from manure management would be almost a half rather than less than a quarter. Finally, the paper assesses the potential value if methane were captured from slurry storage facilities. Its value as a biogas is estimated to be £500 million per year for the UK dairy industry (at forecourt diesel prices). The paper concludes that the scale of emissions and the potential economic value of lost biogas are sufficient to warrant urgent research and action to reduce emissions from manure management with the beneficial prospect that a valuable new income stream for farm businesses could also be realised. Keywords: methane; manure management; National Inventories; livestock systems; greenhouse gas emissions},

note = {Data availability statement: The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at the following URL/DOI: www.ifeaa.com/. Funding information: Neil Ward is part-funded under UKRI's Agri-Food4NetZero (AFN) Network+ (Grant Ref: EP/X011062/1). Andy Atkins and Penny Atkins are funded by the International Fugitive Emissions Abatement Association, a not-for-profit organisation focused on reducing fugitive greenhouse gas emissions.},

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@article{ad990e8950f6457aac8ab002bc386a00b,

title = {Challenges and opportunities for re-framing resource use policy with practice theories: The Change Points approach},

author = {Matt Watson and Alison Browne and David Evans and Mike Foden and Claire Hoolohan and Liz Sharp},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102072},

issn = {0959-3780},

journal = {Global Environmental Change},

volume = {62},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {Concerns about the climate crisis and the escalating pace of global consumption are accelerating the pressure on governments to moderate public demand for resources like water, food and energy. Notwithstanding their increasing sophistication, standard behavioural change approaches continue to be criticised for a narrow understanding of what shapes behaviour. One alternative theoretical position comes from practice theories, which draw on interpretive and relational understandings to focus on practices rather than people's behaviour, and hence highlight the complex and distributed set of factors shaping resource use. While practice theories have gained considerable interest from policy institutions within and beyond the UK they so far have had limited impact upon policy. It has even been argued that there are insurmountable challenges in reconciling the ontological commitments of practice theories with the realities of policy processes. This article advances academic and policy debates about the practical implications of practice theories. It works with evidence from transdisciplinary research intended to establish whether and how key distinctive insights from social practice research can usefully be brought to bear on policy. We pursued this through co-productive research with four key UK national policy partners, focusing on effective communication of social practice research evidence on agreed issues. A key outcome of collaboratively negotiating challenging social theory to usefully influence policy processes is the ‘Change Points’ approach, which our partners identified as offering new thinking on initiatives promoting reductions in people's use and disposal of resources. The Change Points approach was developed to enable policy processes to confront the complexities of everyday action, transforming both how problems are framed and how practical initiatives for effecting change are developed. We discuss the case of food waste reduction in order to demonstrate the potential of Change Points to reframe behaviour change policy. We end the paper by addressing the potential and limitations of informing policy with insights from practice theories based upon the successes as well as the challenges we have met. This discussion has broader implications beyond practice theories to other fields of social theory, and to debates on the relations between academic research and policy more broadly. We argue that, through a co-productive approach with policy professionals, and so engagement with the practices of policy making, it is possible to provide a partial and pragmatic but nevertheless effective translation of key distinctive insights from practice theories and related research, to reframe policy problems and hence to identify spaces for effecting change for sustainability.},

note = {Funding Information: Policy implementation of practice theories in the UK was spearheaded by the Sustainable Practices Research Group (SPRG) – part funded by the UK and Scottish Governments. In their international review of behaviour change initiatives, Southerton et al. (2011) used detailed case studies to exemplify how such initiatives might move beyond the individual to attend to the social and material constituents of practices. The subsequent work of the SPRG culminated in a more direct exposition of practice thinking and its implications for policy ( Spurling et al., 2013 ). This report aimed to enable a shift in governmental understandings of behaviour from ‘the expression of an individual's values and attitudes’ to ‘the observable expression of [a] social phenomenon’ ( Spurling et al., 2013 : 47). Of particular note was a recognition of systemic interdependencies between practices and the resulting complexities for designing change initiatives. Funding Information: The research underpinning this paper was funded by the ESRC Nexus Network with two grants, ‘The Nexus at Home’ and ‘Reshaping the Nexus at Home’ across University of Sheffield and University of Manchester (Watson (PI), Browne, Evans, Sharp). Follow on work has been funded by ESRC Impact Accelerator funding via University of Sheffield and University of Manchester. Funding Information: The research underpinning this paper was funded by the ESRC Nexus Network with two grants, ?The Nexus at Home? and ?Reshaping the Nexus at Home? across University of Sheffield and University of Manchester (Watson (PI), Browne, Evans, Sharp). Follow on work has been funded by ESRC Impact Accelerator funding via University of Sheffield and University of Manchester. A wide range of partners have played significant roles in the research process, including Tom Andrewartha & Tim Wagstaff (Northumbrian Water Group); Helen Atkinson, Joanna Disson & Alice Rayner (Food Standards Agency); Simon Blyth (Actant Consulting); Rob Lawson & Dene Marshallsay (Artesia Consulting); Jessica Phoenix, Stacy Sharman & Emma Webb (Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs); Carmen Snowdon & Nicci Russell (Waterwise); Rachel Gray & Sarah Bromley (Waste Resource Action Programme); Dani Jordan & Joanna Trewern (WWF-UK). Workshop participants, from early evidence gathering events through to workshops applying the approach, are also gratefully acknowledged. Peter Jackson, Alan Warde and Dale Southerton were active in the early part of the research process, as co-Investigators on the initial grant and as advisory board members on the second project. We are grateful to editors and reviewers for valuable comments on the paper, and also to Sam Outhwaite for significant input on this paper. Publisher Copyright: © 2020},

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@article{21b20a6d2c3b413eb41dae94a69da465b,

title = {Navigating the Path of Least Resistance to Sustainable, Widespread Adoption of Nuclear Power},

author = {Alistair Holdsworth and Edmund Ireland},

doi = {10.3390/su16052141},

issn = {2071-1050},

journal = {Sustainability},

volume = {16},

number = {5},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {With climate change rapidly accelerating, we must seriously reconsider our inconsistent and, at times, disjointed approach to energy grid decarbonisation by applying extant low-carbon technologies rapidly and at scale rather than continuing to rely on fossil fuel generation. In contrast to more transient renewables such as wind and solar energy, nuclear power is capable of reliably generating large quantities of baseload low-carbon energy. Despite this advantage, however, deployment has stagnated due to a combination of high costs, safety concerns, and an unwillingness of political authorities to commit to a large-scale, publicly funded program. The focus on private sector leadership in R&D has resulted in a smorgasbord of under-developed and conceptual reactor and fuel cycle technologies, many of which are a decade or more from commercial viability. Meanwhile, the aforementioned political issues have prevented the necessary long-term funding, incentivisation, or provision of the necessary market structures for the significant construction of actual generating plants. With this in mind, we present a potential path to a long-term sustainable approach to the nuclear fuel cycle, highlighting key reactor and fuel cycle technologies and providing an overview of how these should be implemented. Additionally, we discuss the industrial, political, and societal changes needed to achieve this through the comprehensive management of both waste and resources.},

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@article{ba5c654314004c0b9051417088b72bb8,

title = {The challenge of ratcheting up climate ambitions: Implementing the ‘experimentalist‘ EU energy and climate governance regulation},

author = {Pierre Bocquillon and Tomas Maltby},

doi = {10.1080/09644016.2024.2386796},

issn = {0964-4016},

journal = {Environmental Politics},

publisher = {Routledge},

abstract = {The 2015 Paris climate Agreement established a ‘bottom-up’, pledge and review process as international climate governance’s central framework. The European Union’s governance framework–the Energy and Climate Governance Regulation (EUGR)–uses a similar architecture. Both require states to regularly create, revise and update national plans while ramping up ambitions towards meeting the collectively agreed commitments and sharing features of Experimentalist Governance. This paper contributes to the debate on experimentalist climate governance’s effectiveness. It assesses systematically the implementation of EUGR based on documentary analysis and expert interviews. We find that the process has been partially effective in raising ambitions but has remained incremental, technocratic and depoliticised. Experimentalist processes such as the EUGR and Paris Agreement require a high level of public and stakeholder engagement to operate but politicisation can have, in turn, adverse effects. This raises questions regarding the ability of experimentalist climate governance to deliver, alone, rapid emission reductions.},

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@article{c959a326ed0d4fe58c66db7b49dabb0f,

title = {Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence among adolescent girls fetching water in peri-urban settings of Kinshasa, DR Congo},

author = {Jean-Marie Mukiese Nlunda and Jo-Anne Geere and Clémentine Biduaya Sangana and Joêl Nkiama Konde Konde and Guillaume Mbela Kiyombo},

doi = {10.2166/washdev.2024.155},

issn = {2043-9083},

journal = {Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development},

volume = {14},

number = {8},

pages = {603–615},

publisher = {IWA Publishing},

abstract = {In water-scarcity contexts, girls fetching water are exposed to gender-based violence (GBV), for which prevalence, types, and forms were unknown in the Peri-Urban Settings of Kinshasa. A cross-sectional study using multi-stage random sampling technique to select 684 adolescent girls was conducted to assess the extent of water scarcity and GBV affecting adolescent girls while fetching water. Findings indicate that 98.2% of adolescent girls were dealing with water shortage; 99.9% experienced at least one type of GBV, of which 97.1, 95.5, and 44.9% experienced sexual, psychological, and physical violence, respectively. Moral violence was more frequent at water points; physical violence in the household, while sexual violence was prevalent on the water route. Adolescent girls' age, weekly involvement in water collection, and distance were found to be the main factors associated with GBV, whereas reducing the number of daily round-trips, the distance travelled, and time devoted to water collection were found to be mitigating factors limiting GBV experience among adolescent girls. Policies promoting the at-home provision of water and community awareness-raising interventions will mitigate the GBV incidence.},

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@article{a2c34cbd051a403090459113a867da73b,

title = {The role of energy storage in Great Britain's future power system: focus on hydrogen and biomass},

author = {Karla Guerra and Andrew Welfle and R Gutiérrez-Alvarez and Muir Freer and Lin Ma and Pedro Haro},

doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122447},

issn = {0306-2619},

journal = {Applied Energy},

volume = {357},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {The increasing deployment of variable renewable energy (VRE) in the power sector, such as wind and solar photovoltaic, is expected to reduce emissions. However, VRE poses challenges due to their intermittency and variability. The Future Renewable Energy Performance into the Power System Model (FEPPS) is used to analyse VRE penetration in Great Britain's (GB) power system, resulting in VRE shares of around 65%, far from over 80% forecasted by 2030 and 2040 due to flexibility and stability constraints. The incorporation of new power generation and energy storage technologies is also analysed, including the role of biomass and hydrogen as low-carbon fuel options. Hydrogen is assumed to be produced from the curtailment of VRE and biomass. Between 6.57 and 283 Mt. of biomass would be required to balance bio‑hydrogen requirements by 2040; therefore, hydrogen production would depend on technology prioritisation. Power generation from hydrogen technologies (fuel cells and turbines) has a significant role in power system decarbonisation, with hydrogen turbines meeting up to ∼10% of annual electricity demand. In contrast, generation from batteries, adiabatic compressed air energy storage and natural gas turbines is not significant. Moreover, between 7.7 and 9.7 TWh of hydrogen storage would be needed, and there is substantial potential for salt cavern storage in GB, providing many 100s TWh. Finally, incorporating new generation and storage technologies relies on levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) reductions of 31% and 13% by 2030 and 2040, respectively, to keep the power sector on track towards decarbonisation.},

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@article{6165aab3ce8d4cedb082632f01664fb5,

title = {What does a just transition mean for urban biodiversity? Insights from three cities globally},

author = {Leslie Mabon and Antonia Layard and Laura De Vito and Roger Few and Sophia Hatzisavvidou and Odirilwe Selomane and Adam Marshall and Gilles Marciniak and Hannah Moersberger},

doi = {10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104069},

issn = {0016-7185},

journal = {Geoforum},

volume = {154},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Just transitions – responses to environmental change that minimise negative impacts on the most affected people and places, while ensuring nobody is left behind – are gaining scholarly and policy significance in areas beyond their original focus on carbon-intensive jobs and sectors. Yet attention to what a just transition means for biodiversity, as another aspect of the global environmental crisis, remains limited. Given the critical role that biodiversity plays in supporting livelihoods and wellbeing, this is a notable gap. This paper assesses what a just transition means for biodiversity, focusing on urban environments as the spaces in which many people encounter biodiversity globally. We undertake interview research across three case study cities representing different geopolitical and environmental contexts: Bristol (UK); Yubari (Japan); and Cape Town (South Africa) and ask two questions: what does biodiversity tell us about the concept of just transitions in the lived environment; and what are the consequences of considering just transitions in the context of biodiversity in the lived urban environment? Based on our findings, we set out six principles for a just transition in relation to urban biodiversity, as areas for further empirical enquiry: a shared sense of what a just transition and biodiversity mean in the local context; diverse social and ecological knowledge systems informing decision-making; integration and cohesion across policies; inclusive, meaningful and early engagement; supporting communities during and after implementation; and measures for assessing the effectiveness of outcomes from an ecological and a social perspective.},

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@article{8d0055d3287c4b8cabd9c07e24758c12b,

title = {Contested framings of greenhouse gas removal and its feasibility: social and political dimensions},

author = {Laurie Waller and Tim Rayner and Jason Chilvers and Clair Gough and Irene Lorenzoni and Andrew Jordan and Naomi Vaughan},

doi = {10.1002/wcc.649},

issn = {1757-7780},

journal = {Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change},

volume = {11},

number = {4},

pages = {1–17},

publisher = {John Wiley & Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Prospective approaches for large-scale greenhouse gas removal (GGR) are now central to the post-2020 international commitment to pursue efforts to limit the global temperature increase to 1.5°C. However, the feasibility of large-scale GGR has been repeatedly questioned. Most systematic analyses focus only on the physical, technical, and economic challenges of deploying it at scale. However, social and political dimensions will be just as important, if not more so, to how possible futures play out. We conduct one of the first reviews of the international peer-reviewed literature pertaining to the social and political dimensions of large-scale GGR, with a specific focus on two predominant approaches: Biomass energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and afforestation/reforestation (AR). Our analysis of 78 studies proposes two important insights. First, it shows how six key social and political dimensions of GGR feasibility–namely economics and incentives; innovation; societal engagement; governance; complexity and uncertainty; and ethics, equity, and justice–are identifiable and are emphasized to varying degrees in the literature. Second, there are three contested ways in which BECCS and AR and their feasibility are being framed in the literature: (a) a techno-economic framing; (b) a social and political acceptability framing; and (c) a responsible development framing. We suggest this third frame will, and indeed should, become increasingly pertinent to the assessment, innovation, and governance of climate futures.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}