Tyndall Centre Publications
The following database is for researcher of the University of East Anglia (UEA) only.
3827.
Kenny, John
The changing prioritisation of environmental protection in Britain: 1982-2019 Journal Article
In: Government and Opposition, 2022, ISSN: 0017-257X.
@article{ba737ebd216441d783d99311def4ac13,
title = {The changing prioritisation of environmental protection in Britain: 1982-2019},
author = {John Kenny},
issn = {0017-257X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-25},
journal = {Government and Opposition},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {This paper examines the evolution of long-term trends in the prioritisation of environmental protection in Britain over a period of four decades. It does so by compiling comparable questions tapping into the same underlying environmental dimension from a range of sources, including historical polling data that has only recently been made available to the research community. At the aggregate-level, prioritisation largely tracks changing economic conditions as well key environmental events, with the winter of 2019 showing the highest recorded levels. Furthermore, trends in individuals’ willingness to prioritise the environment may not always go in tandem with trends in environmental salience. At the individual-level, educational attainment is the only consistently significant demographic correlate over time. However, there is evidence of increasing politicisation of the environment, with left-right orientations only becoming an important correlate of environmental prioritisation in recent years in line with rising divergence on the issue at the elite level.},
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This paper examines the evolution of long-term trends in the prioritisation of environmental protection in Britain over a period of four decades. It does so by compiling comparable questions tapping into the same underlying environmental dimension from a range of sources, including historical polling data that has only recently been made available to the research community. At the aggregate-level, prioritisation largely tracks changing economic conditions as well key environmental events, with the winter of 2019 showing the highest recorded levels. Furthermore, trends in individuals’ willingness to prioritise the environment may not always go in tandem with trends in environmental salience. At the individual-level, educational attainment is the only consistently significant demographic correlate over time. However, there is evidence of increasing politicisation of the environment, with left-right orientations only becoming an important correlate of environmental prioritisation in recent years in line with rising divergence on the issue at the elite level.
3826.
Jordan, Andrew; Lorenzoni, Irene; Tosun, Jale; i Saus, Joan Enguer; Geese, Lucas; Kenny, John; Saad, Emiliano Levario; Moore, Brendan; Schaub, Simon G.
The political challenges of deep decarbonisation: towards a more integrated agenda Journal Article
In: Climate Action, vol. 1, 2022, ISSN: 2731-3263, (Funding information: The funding was generously provided by the ERC (via the DeepDCarb Advanced Grant 882601) and the UK ESRC (via the Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations (CAST) ES/S012257/1). For further details, see: www.deepdcarb.org).
@article{62fcd27e28234e7984f618420d7a8418,
title = {The political challenges of deep decarbonisation: towards a more integrated agenda},
author = {Andrew Jordan and Irene Lorenzoni and Jale Tosun and Joan Enguer i Saus and Lucas Geese and John Kenny and Emiliano Levario Saad and Brendan Moore and Simon G. Schaub},
doi = {10.1007/s44168-022-00004-7},
issn = {2731-3263},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-18},
journal = {Climate Action},
volume = {1},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {Adopting public policies to deliver the ambitious long-term goals of the Paris Agreement will require significant societal commitment. That commitment will eventually emerge from the interaction between policies, publics and politicians. This article has two main aims. First, it reviews the existing literatures on these three to identify salient research gaps. It finds that existing work has focused on one aspect rather than the dynamic interactions between them all. Second, it sets out a more integrated research agenda that explores the three-way interaction between publics, policies and politicians. It reveals that greater integration is required to understand better the conditions under which different political systems address societal commitment dilemmas. In the absence of greater research integration, there is a risk that policymakers cling to two prominent but partial policy prescriptions: that ‘democracy’ itself is the problem and should be suspended; and that more deliberative forms of democracy are required without explaining how they will co-exist with existing forms.},
note = {Funding information: The funding was generously provided by the ERC (via the DeepDCarb Advanced Grant 882601) and the UK ESRC (via the Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations (CAST) ES/S012257/1). For further details, see: www.deepdcarb.org},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Adopting public policies to deliver the ambitious long-term goals of the Paris Agreement will require significant societal commitment. That commitment will eventually emerge from the interaction between policies, publics and politicians. This article has two main aims. First, it reviews the existing literatures on these three to identify salient research gaps. It finds that existing work has focused on one aspect rather than the dynamic interactions between them all. Second, it sets out a more integrated research agenda that explores the three-way interaction between publics, policies and politicians. It reveals that greater integration is required to understand better the conditions under which different political systems address societal commitment dilemmas. In the absence of greater research integration, there is a risk that policymakers cling to two prominent but partial policy prescriptions: that ‘democracy’ itself is the problem and should be suspended; and that more deliberative forms of democracy are required without explaining how they will co-exist with existing forms.
3825.
Jackson, R. B.; Friedlingstein, P.; Quéré, C. Le; Abernethy, S.; Andrew, R. M.; Canadell, J. G.; Ciais, P.; Davis, S. J.; Deng, Zhu; Liu, Zhu; Korsbakken, J. I.; Peters, G. P.
Global fossil carbon emissions rebound near pre-COVID-19 levels Journal Article
In: Environmental Research Letters, vol. 17, no. 3, 2022, ISSN: 1748-9326, (Acknowledgments: The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at globalcarbonproject.org. The authors acknowledge support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (RBJ and JGC), the Australian National Environmental Science Programme's Climate Systems Hub (JGC), the European Commission Horizon 2020 projects VERIFY (#776810) (GPP, RMA, and CLQ) 4C (#821003) (PF, GPP, RMA, CLQ), and CoCO2 (#958927) (GPA and RMA), the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Stanford Data Science Scholars program, and the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment (SA), and Future Earth. CLQ acknowledges support from the Royal Society (Project No. RPR1191063). We thank the many scientists and funding agencies whose efforts and support contributed to the Global Carbon Budget 2021 released by the Global Carbon Project (globalcarbonproject.org). Data availability statement: The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at the following URL/DOI: (https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2021).).
@article{10d8715307b4422cbc9428bbaeba80cd,
title = {Global fossil carbon emissions rebound near pre-COVID-19 levels},
author = {R. B. Jackson and P. Friedlingstein and C. Le Quéré and S. Abernethy and R. M. Andrew and J. G. Canadell and P. Ciais and S. J. Davis and Zhu Deng and Zhu Liu and J. I. Korsbakken and G. P. Peters},
doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac55b6},
issn = {1748-9326},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-17},
journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd},
abstract = {Fossil CO2 emissions in 2021 grew an estimated 4.2% (3.5%–4.8%) to 36.2 billion metric tons compared with 2020, pushing global emissions back close to 2019 levels (36.7 Gt CO2).},
note = {Acknowledgments: The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at globalcarbonproject.org. The authors acknowledge support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (RBJ and JGC), the Australian National Environmental Science Programme's Climate Systems Hub (JGC), the European Commission Horizon 2020 projects VERIFY (#776810) (GPP, RMA, and CLQ) 4C (#821003) (PF, GPP, RMA, CLQ), and CoCO2 (#958927) (GPA and RMA), the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Stanford Data Science Scholars program, and the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment (SA), and Future Earth. CLQ acknowledges support from the Royal Society (Project No. RPR1191063). We thank the many scientists and funding agencies whose efforts and support contributed to the Global Carbon Budget 2021 released by the Global Carbon Project (globalcarbonproject.org). Data availability statement: The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at the following URL/DOI: (https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2021).},
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pubstate = {published},
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Fossil CO2 emissions in 2021 grew an estimated 4.2% (3.5%–4.8%) to 36.2 billion metric tons compared with 2020, pushing global emissions back close to 2019 levels (36.7 Gt CO2).
3824.
Schoenefeld, Jonas; Schulze, Kai; Bruch, Nils
The diffusion of climate change adaptation policy Journal Article
In: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 2022, ISSN: 1757-7780.
@article{40f01f0eb5184aa5a9350b9c8015baec,
title = {The diffusion of climate change adaptation policy},
author = {Jonas Schoenefeld and Kai Schulze and Nils Bruch},
doi = {10.1002/wcc.775},
issn = {1757-7780},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-16},
journal = {Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {Adapting to some level of climate change has become unavoidable. However, there is surprisingly limited systematic knowledge about whether and how adaptation policies have diffused and could diffuse in the future. Most existing adaptation studies do not explicitly examine policy diffusion, which is a form of interdependent policy-making among jurisdictions at the same or across different levels of governance. To address this gap, we offer a new interpretation and assessment of the extensive adaptation policy literature through a policy diffusion perspective; we pay specific attention to diffusion drivers and barriers, motivations, mechanisms, outputs, and outcomes. We assess the extent to which four motivations and related mechanisms of policy diffusion—interests (linked with learning and competition), rights and duties (tied to coercion), ideology, and recognition (both connected with emulation)—are conceptually and empirically associated with adaptation. We also engage with adaptation policy characteristics, contextual conditions (e.g., problem severity) and different channels of adapation policy diffusion (e.g., transnational networks). We demonstrate that adaptation policy diffusion can be associated with different mechanisms, yet many of them remain remarkably understudied. So are the effects of adaptation policy diffusion in terms of changes in vulnerability and resilience. We thus identify manifold avenues for future research, and provide insights for practitioners who may hope to leverage diffusion mechanisms to enhance their adaptation efforts.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Adapting to some level of climate change has become unavoidable. However, there is surprisingly limited systematic knowledge about whether and how adaptation policies have diffused and could diffuse in the future. Most existing adaptation studies do not explicitly examine policy diffusion, which is a form of interdependent policy-making among jurisdictions at the same or across different levels of governance. To address this gap, we offer a new interpretation and assessment of the extensive adaptation policy literature through a policy diffusion perspective; we pay specific attention to diffusion drivers and barriers, motivations, mechanisms, outputs, and outcomes. We assess the extent to which four motivations and related mechanisms of policy diffusion—interests (linked with learning and competition), rights and duties (tied to coercion), ideology, and recognition (both connected with emulation)—are conceptually and empirically associated with adaptation. We also engage with adaptation policy characteristics, contextual conditions (e.g., problem severity) and different channels of adapation policy diffusion (e.g., transnational networks). We demonstrate that adaptation policy diffusion can be associated with different mechanisms, yet many of them remain remarkably understudied. So are the effects of adaptation policy diffusion in terms of changes in vulnerability and resilience. We thus identify manifold avenues for future research, and provide insights for practitioners who may hope to leverage diffusion mechanisms to enhance their adaptation efforts.
3823.
Rahman, Md. Munsur; Haque, Anisul; Nicholls, Robert J.; Darby, Stephen E.; Urmi, Mahmida Tul; Dustegir, Md. Maruf; Dunn, Frances E.; Tahsin, Anika; Razzaque, Sadmina; Horsburgh, Kevin; Haque, Md. Aminul
Sustainability of the coastal zone of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta under climatic and anthropogenic stresses Journal Article
In: Science of the Total Environment, vol. 829, 2022, ISSN: 0048-9697, (Acknowledgements: Collecting the bathymetry data was supported by the ‘ESPA Deltas (NE/J002755/1)’ project supported by the ESPA programme, funded by the Department for International Development (DfID), the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), UK, and the National Water Resources Database hosted at Water Resources Planning Organization (WARPO), Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR), Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (GoB). The model development was supported by the DECCMA Project (Grant No. IDRC 107642), part of the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA), with financial support from the UK Government's DfID and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada, the WARPO Projects, ‘Research on the Morphological processes under Climate Changes, Sea Level Rise and Anthropogenic Intervention in the coastal zone’ and ‘Research on Sediment Distribution and Management in South-West Region of Bangladesh’ funded from MoWR, GoB and the ACCORD project (NE/R000123/1) funded by the UK NERC (through National Oceanographic Center, NOC).).
@article{5760653e432747c5a23a89cca0b75311,
title = {Sustainability of the coastal zone of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta under climatic and anthropogenic stresses},
author = {Md. Munsur Rahman and Anisul Haque and Robert J. Nicholls and Stephen E. Darby and Mahmida Tul Urmi and Md. Maruf Dustegir and Frances E. Dunn and Anika Tahsin and Sadmina Razzaque and Kevin Horsburgh and Md. Aminul Haque},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154547},
issn = {0048-9697},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-15},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
volume = {829},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) delta is one of the world's largest deltas. It is currently experiencing high rates of relative sea-level rise of about 5 mm/year, reflecting anthropogenic climate change and land subsidence. This is expected to accelerate further through the 21st Century, so there are concerns that the GBM delta will be progressively submerged. In this context, a core question is: can sedimentation on the delta surface maintain its elevation relative to sea level? This research seeks to answer this question by applying a two-dimensional flow and morphological model which is capable of handling dynamic interactions between the river and floodplain systems and simulating floodplain sedimentation under different flow-sediment regimes and anthropogenic interventions. We find that across a range of flood frequencies and adaptation scenarios (including the natural polder-free state), the retained volume of sediment varies between 22% and 50% of the corresponding sediment input. This translates to average rates of sedimentation on the delta surface of 5.5 mm/yr to 7.5 mm/yr. Hence, under present conditions, sedimentation associated with quasi-natural conditions can exceed current rates of relative sea-level rise and potentially create new land mass. These findings highlight that encouraging quasi-natural conditions through the widespread application of active sediment management measures has the potential to promote more sustainable outcomes for the GBM delta. Practical measures to promote include tidal river management, and appropriate combinations of cross-dams, bandal-like structures, and dredging.},
note = {Acknowledgements: Collecting the bathymetry data was supported by the ‘ESPA Deltas (NE/J002755/1)’ project supported by the ESPA programme, funded by the Department for International Development (DfID), the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), UK, and the National Water Resources Database hosted at Water Resources Planning Organization (WARPO), Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR), Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (GoB). The model development was supported by the DECCMA Project (Grant No. IDRC 107642), part of the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA), with financial support from the UK Government's DfID and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada, the WARPO Projects, ‘Research on the Morphological processes under Climate Changes, Sea Level Rise and Anthropogenic Intervention in the coastal zone’ and ‘Research on Sediment Distribution and Management in South-West Region of Bangladesh’ funded from MoWR, GoB and the ACCORD project (NE/R000123/1) funded by the UK NERC (through National Oceanographic Center, NOC).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) delta is one of the world's largest deltas. It is currently experiencing high rates of relative sea-level rise of about 5 mm/year, reflecting anthropogenic climate change and land subsidence. This is expected to accelerate further through the 21st Century, so there are concerns that the GBM delta will be progressively submerged. In this context, a core question is: can sedimentation on the delta surface maintain its elevation relative to sea level? This research seeks to answer this question by applying a two-dimensional flow and morphological model which is capable of handling dynamic interactions between the river and floodplain systems and simulating floodplain sedimentation under different flow-sediment regimes and anthropogenic interventions. We find that across a range of flood frequencies and adaptation scenarios (including the natural polder-free state), the retained volume of sediment varies between 22% and 50% of the corresponding sediment input. This translates to average rates of sedimentation on the delta surface of 5.5 mm/yr to 7.5 mm/yr. Hence, under present conditions, sedimentation associated with quasi-natural conditions can exceed current rates of relative sea-level rise and potentially create new land mass. These findings highlight that encouraging quasi-natural conditions through the widespread application of active sediment management measures has the potential to promote more sustainable outcomes for the GBM delta. Practical measures to promote include tidal river management, and appropriate combinations of cross-dams, bandal-like structures, and dredging.
3822.
Roten, Dustin; Marland, Gregg; Bun, Rostylav; Crippa, Monica; Gilfillan, Dennis; Jones, Matthew W; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; Marland, Eric; Andrew, Robbie
CO2 emissions from energy systems and industrial processes: Inventories from data- and proxy-driven approaches Book Chapter
In: Balancing Greenhouse Gas Budgets, Elsevier, Netherlands, 1, 2022, ISBN: 9780128149522.
@inbook{815e4d75bd3d4a0b8d7c335f1832d54e,
title = {CO2 emissions from energy systems and industrial processes: Inventories from data- and proxy-driven approaches},
author = {Dustin Roten and Gregg Marland and Rostylav Bun and Monica Crippa and Dennis Gilfillan and Matthew W Jones and Greet Janssens-Maenhout and Eric Marland and Robbie Andrew},
isbn = {9780128149522},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-14},
booktitle = {Balancing Greenhouse Gas Budgets},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Netherlands},
edition = {1},
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3821.
Quéré, Corinne Le; Mayot, Nicolas
Climate change and biospheric output: Large changes in global ecosystem productivity are set in motion by carbon dioxide rise Journal Article
In: Science, vol. 375, no. 6585, pp. 1091–1092, 2022, ISSN: 0036-8075.
@article{e95e312fba644547a9f3bfdc092a2201,
title = {Climate change and biospheric output: Large changes in global ecosystem productivity are set in motion by carbon dioxide rise},
author = {Corinne Le Quéré and Nicolas Mayot},
doi = {10.1126/science.abo1262},
issn = {0036-8075},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-11},
journal = {Science},
volume = {375},
number = {6585},
pages = {1091--1092},
publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
3820.
Jordan, Andrew J.; Moore, Brendan
The durability–flexibility dialectic: the evolution of decarbonisation policies in the European Union Journal Article
In: Journal of European Public Policy, pp. 1–20, 2022, ISSN: 1350-1763.
@article{a5cf9067512b4845b4b4864ff0c7da1a,
title = {The durability–flexibility dialectic: the evolution of decarbonisation policies in the European Union},
author = {Andrew J. Jordan and Brendan Moore},
doi = {10.1080/13501763.2022.2042721},
issn = {1350-1763},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-06},
journal = {Journal of European Public Policy},
pages = {1--20},
publisher = {Routledge},
abstract = {Policy makers are under political pressure to adopt policies that achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. Reaching net zero is a demanding challenge requiring durable policies that last; that is, withstand short-term turbulence. However, there is a lack of clarity in the existing literature on both the conceptual meaning of policy durability and its empirical manifestations. This paper distinguishes between three central dimensions of policy durability and uses them to shed new light on the long-term evolution of EU climate policy. It reveals that the EU has addressed the relationship between policy durability and policy flexibility by working iteratively across and between different policy elements (instruments, programmes, goals, etc.). In revealing these patterns, it addresses a greatly neglected feature of policy design processes: the dialectical relationship between durability and flexibility.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Policy makers are under political pressure to adopt policies that achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. Reaching net zero is a demanding challenge requiring durable policies that last; that is, withstand short-term turbulence. However, there is a lack of clarity in the existing literature on both the conceptual meaning of policy durability and its empirical manifestations. This paper distinguishes between three central dimensions of policy durability and uses them to shed new light on the long-term evolution of EU climate policy. It reveals that the EU has addressed the relationship between policy durability and policy flexibility by working iteratively across and between different policy elements (instruments, programmes, goals, etc.). In revealing these patterns, it addresses a greatly neglected feature of policy design processes: the dialectical relationship between durability and flexibility.
3819.
Carmichael, Fiona; Darko, Christian K.; Kanji, Shireen; Vasilakos, Nicholas
School closures and educational attainment in Ethiopia: Can extra classes help children to catch up? Journal Article
In: British Educational Research Journal, 2022, ISSN: 0141-1926.
@article{deda0bbdfc3c481087252876e606f592,
title = {School closures and educational attainment in Ethiopia: Can extra classes help children to catch up?},
author = {Fiona Carmichael and Christian K. Darko and Shireen Kanji and Nicholas Vasilakos},
issn = {0141-1926},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-04},
journal = {British Educational Research Journal},
publisher = {Routledge},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
3818.
D'Exelle, Ben; Habraken, Rik; Verschoor, Arjan
What Should I Aspire to? Peer Effects in Adolescents’ Friendship Networks Journal Article
In: Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2022, ISSN: 0013-0079.
@article{26a33377f939476a987a14f238de29b3,
title = {What Should I Aspire to? Peer Effects in Adolescents’ Friendship Networks},
author = {Ben D'Exelle and Rik Habraken and Arjan Verschoor},
issn = {0013-0079},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-03},
journal = {Economic Development and Cultural Change},
publisher = {University of Chicago},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
3817.
Nguyen, Linh N. T.; Meijer, Harro A. J.; Leeuwen, Charlotte; Kers, Bert A. M.; Scheeren, Hubertus A.; Jones, Anna E.; Brough, Neil; Barningham, Thomas; Pickers, Penelope A.; Manning, Andrew C.; Luijkx, Ingrid T.
In: Earth System Science Data, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 991–1014, 2022, ISSN: 1866-3516.
@article{3fb13972c073477980d81035c7e2f1cb,
title = {Two decades of flask observations of atmospheric δ(O2/N2), CO2, and APO at stations Lutjewad (the Netherlands) and Mace Head (Ireland), and 3 years from Halley station (Antarctica)},
author = {Linh N. T. Nguyen and Harro A. J. Meijer and Charlotte Leeuwen and Bert A. M. Kers and Hubertus A. Scheeren and Anna E. Jones and Neil Brough and Thomas Barningham and Penelope A. Pickers and Andrew C. Manning and Ingrid T. Luijkx},
doi = {10.5194/essd-14-991-2022},
issn = {1866-3516},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-02},
journal = {Earth System Science Data},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {991--1014},
publisher = {Copernicus Publications},
abstract = {We present 20-year flask sample records of atmospheric CO2, (O2/N2), and atmospheric potential oxygen (APO) from the stations Lutjewad (the Netherlands) and Mace Head (Ireland), and a 3-year record from Halley station (Antarctica). We include details of our calibration procedures and the stability of our calibration scale over time, which we estimate to be 3 per meg over the 11 years of calibration, and our compatibility with the international Scripps O2 scale. The measurement records from Lutjewad and Mace Head show similar long-Term trends during the period 2002-2018 of 2.31g0.07g ppmg yr-1 for CO2 and-21.2g0.8 per megg yr-1 for (O2/N2) at Lutjewad, and 2.22g0.04g ppmg yr-1 for CO2 and-21.3g0.9 per megg yr-1 for (O2/N2) at Mace Head. They also show a similar (O2/N2) seasonal cycle with an amplitude of 54g4 per meg at Lutjewad and 61g5 per meg at Mace Head, while the CO2 seasonal amplitude at Lutjewad (16.8g0.5g ppm) is slightly higher than that at Mace Head (14.8g0.3g ppm). We show that the observed long-Term trends and seasonal cycles are in good agreement with the measurements from various other stations, especially the measurements from the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory (United Kingdom). However, there are remarkable differences in the progression of annual trends between the Mace Head and Lutjewad records for (O2/N2) and APO, which might in part be caused by sampling differences, but also by environmental effects, such as North Atlantic Ocean oxygen ventilation changes to which Mace Head is more sensitive. The Halley record shows clear trends and seasonality in (O2/N2) and APO, the latter agreeing especially well with continuous measurements at the same location made by the University of East Anglia (UEA), while CO2 and (O2/N2) present slight disagreements, most likely caused by small leakages during sampling. From our 2002-2018 records, we find a good agreement with Global Carbon Budget 2021 (Friedlingstein et al. (2021) for the global ocean carbon sink: 2.1g0.8g yr-1, based on the Lutjewad record. The data presented in this work are available at 10.18160/qq7d-T060 (Nguyen et al., 2021).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We present 20-year flask sample records of atmospheric CO2, (O2/N2), and atmospheric potential oxygen (APO) from the stations Lutjewad (the Netherlands) and Mace Head (Ireland), and a 3-year record from Halley station (Antarctica). We include details of our calibration procedures and the stability of our calibration scale over time, which we estimate to be 3 per meg over the 11 years of calibration, and our compatibility with the international Scripps O2 scale. The measurement records from Lutjewad and Mace Head show similar long-Term trends during the period 2002-2018 of 2.31g0.07g ppmg yr-1 for CO2 and-21.2g0.8 per megg yr-1 for (O2/N2) at Lutjewad, and 2.22g0.04g ppmg yr-1 for CO2 and-21.3g0.9 per megg yr-1 for (O2/N2) at Mace Head. They also show a similar (O2/N2) seasonal cycle with an amplitude of 54g4 per meg at Lutjewad and 61g5 per meg at Mace Head, while the CO2 seasonal amplitude at Lutjewad (16.8g0.5g ppm) is slightly higher than that at Mace Head (14.8g0.3g ppm). We show that the observed long-Term trends and seasonal cycles are in good agreement with the measurements from various other stations, especially the measurements from the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory (United Kingdom). However, there are remarkable differences in the progression of annual trends between the Mace Head and Lutjewad records for (O2/N2) and APO, which might in part be caused by sampling differences, but also by environmental effects, such as North Atlantic Ocean oxygen ventilation changes to which Mace Head is more sensitive. The Halley record shows clear trends and seasonality in (O2/N2) and APO, the latter agreeing especially well with continuous measurements at the same location made by the University of East Anglia (UEA), while CO2 and (O2/N2) present slight disagreements, most likely caused by small leakages during sampling. From our 2002-2018 records, we find a good agreement with Global Carbon Budget 2021 (Friedlingstein et al. (2021) for the global ocean carbon sink: 2.1g0.8g yr-1, based on the Lutjewad record. The data presented in this work are available at 10.18160/qq7d-T060 (Nguyen et al., 2021).
3816.
Carmichael, Fiona; Darko, Christian K.; Vasilakos, Nicholas
Well-being and employment of young people in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam: Is work enough? Journal Article
In: Development Policy Review, vol. 40, no. 2, 2022, ISSN: 0950-6764.
@article{85f5161eb4194eebb749a8351ec5447d,
title = {Well-being and employment of young people in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam: Is work enough?},
author = {Fiona Carmichael and Christian K. Darko and Nicholas Vasilakos},
doi = {10.1111/dpr.12565},
issn = {0950-6764},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Development Policy Review},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {Motivation: Investing in youth employment is central to development agendas. However, policy directed towards increasing employment rates among young people needs to consider the well-being implications of the different kinds of jobs they are able to access. This would help countries to meet the Sustainable Development Goal of decent work for all, including young people, by 2030. Purpose: This article examines the association between the well-being of young people in Ethiopia, Peru, India, and Vietnam and their employment and the job attributes of the work they do. Methods and approach: The study uses five waves of the Young Lives longitudinal survey for a sample of children who are followed from the ages of eight to 22. Regression analysis estimates the relationship between well-being, employment, and job attributes, taking into account gender, wealth, current, and childhood health, and exposure to shocks over life-courses from the age of eight. Findings: The results show that in these four countries, employment does not have an unqualified positive effect on well-being. Not all jobs are “good jobs.” Job attributes matter, specifically, who employs the individual, their pay, the work environment, and the pride they take in their work. Well-being is predicted by current and childhood health and household wealth with ownership of consumer durables associated more strongly with well-being than housing quality or access to services. Greater exposure to shocks from the age of eight is found to have lasting effects on well-being into young adulthood. Policy implications: Policy aimed at improving young people’s opportunities for employment in the Global South also to consider the types of jobs they are able to access and how this impacts their well-being. Policy also needs to take into account pre-labour market conditions and circumstances.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Motivation: Investing in youth employment is central to development agendas. However, policy directed towards increasing employment rates among young people needs to consider the well-being implications of the different kinds of jobs they are able to access. This would help countries to meet the Sustainable Development Goal of decent work for all, including young people, by 2030. Purpose: This article examines the association between the well-being of young people in Ethiopia, Peru, India, and Vietnam and their employment and the job attributes of the work they do. Methods and approach: The study uses five waves of the Young Lives longitudinal survey for a sample of children who are followed from the ages of eight to 22. Regression analysis estimates the relationship between well-being, employment, and job attributes, taking into account gender, wealth, current, and childhood health, and exposure to shocks over life-courses from the age of eight. Findings: The results show that in these four countries, employment does not have an unqualified positive effect on well-being. Not all jobs are “good jobs.” Job attributes matter, specifically, who employs the individual, their pay, the work environment, and the pride they take in their work. Well-being is predicted by current and childhood health and household wealth with ownership of consumer durables associated more strongly with well-being than housing quality or access to services. Greater exposure to shocks from the age of eight is found to have lasting effects on well-being into young adulthood. Policy implications: Policy aimed at improving young people’s opportunities for employment in the Global South also to consider the types of jobs they are able to access and how this impacts their well-being. Policy also needs to take into account pre-labour market conditions and circumstances.
3815.
Vrain, Emilie; Wilson, Charlie; Kerr, Laurie; Wilson, Mark
Social influence in the adoption of digital consumer innovations for climate change Journal Article
In: Energy Policy, vol. 162, 2022, ISSN: 0301-4215.
@article{691a3e9421dc47f58aae27a5c03a0b75,
title = {Social influence in the adoption of digital consumer innovations for climate change},
author = {Emilie Vrain and Charlie Wilson and Laurie Kerr and Mark Wilson},
doi = {10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112800},
issn = {0301-4215},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Energy Policy},
volume = {162},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Digital consumer innovations offer low-carbon alternatives to mainstream consumption practices. We contribute new insights on the importance of social influence in the uptake of digital consumer innovations for climate change across mobility, food, homes, and energy domains.Using nationally representative UK survey data (n = 3007), we show that electronic word-of-mouth is the dominant mechanism of information exchange for strengthening adoption intentions. This finding is robust across 16 innovations from car clubs to 11th hour food apps. Other social influence mechanisms such as social norms and neighbourhood effects are as important only for highly visible innovations such as electric vehicles.Using deep dive early adopter studies of ridesharing platforms, digital food hubs, and smart home technologies, we show that trust in digital platforms and place-based community networks are important characteristics affecting social influence. Social norms can help build trust, while word-of-mouth spreads positive information for locally salient innovations.Policies stimulating innovation adoption tend to focus on purchase incentives. Opportunities to harness social influence processes remain unexploited. Our research emphasises the importance of digital skills and infrastructure for supporting these processes, social marketing for building positive norms, and community networks for enabling interpersonal exchange.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Digital consumer innovations offer low-carbon alternatives to mainstream consumption practices. We contribute new insights on the importance of social influence in the uptake of digital consumer innovations for climate change across mobility, food, homes, and energy domains.Using nationally representative UK survey data (n = 3007), we show that electronic word-of-mouth is the dominant mechanism of information exchange for strengthening adoption intentions. This finding is robust across 16 innovations from car clubs to 11th hour food apps. Other social influence mechanisms such as social norms and neighbourhood effects are as important only for highly visible innovations such as electric vehicles.Using deep dive early adopter studies of ridesharing platforms, digital food hubs, and smart home technologies, we show that trust in digital platforms and place-based community networks are important characteristics affecting social influence. Social norms can help build trust, while word-of-mouth spreads positive information for locally salient innovations.Policies stimulating innovation adoption tend to focus on purchase incentives. Opportunities to harness social influence processes remain unexploited. Our research emphasises the importance of digital skills and infrastructure for supporting these processes, social marketing for building positive norms, and community networks for enabling interpersonal exchange.
3814.
Pearce-Higgins, James; Antao, Laura; Bates, Rachel; Bowgen, Katharine; Bradshaw, Catherine; Duffield, Simon; Ffoulkes, Charles; Franco, Aldina; Geschke, J.; Gregory, Richard; Harley, Mike; Hodgson, Jenny; Jenkins, Rhosanna; Kapos, Val; Maltby, Katherine; Watts, Olly; Willis, Steve; Morecroft, Michael
A framework for climate change adaptation indicators for the natural environment Journal Article
In: Ecological Indicators, vol. 136, 2022, ISSN: 1470-160X.
@article{958b63dd794e4441aa8b4a85698968a5,
title = {A framework for climate change adaptation indicators for the natural environment},
author = {James Pearce-Higgins and Laura Antao and Rachel Bates and Katharine Bowgen and Catherine Bradshaw and Simon Duffield and Charles Ffoulkes and Aldina Franco and J. Geschke and Richard Gregory and Mike Harley and Jenny Hodgson and Rhosanna Jenkins and Val Kapos and Katherine Maltby and Olly Watts and Steve Willis and Michael Morecroft},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108690},
issn = {1470-160X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Ecological Indicators},
volume = {136},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Impacts of climate change on natural and human systems will become increasingly severe as the magnitude of climate change increases. Climate change adaptation interventions to address current and projected impacts are thus paramount. Yet, evidence on their effectiveness remains limited, highlighting the need for appropriate ecological indicators to measure progress of climate change adaptation for the natural environment. We outline conceptual, analytical, and practical challenges in developing such indicators, before proposing a framework with three process-based and two results-based indicator types to track progress in adapting to climate change. We emphasize the importance of dynamic assessment and modification over time, as new adaptation targets are set and/or as intervention actions are monitored and evaluated. Our framework and proposed indicators are flexible and widely applicable across species, habitats, and monitoring programmes, and could be accommodated within existing national or international frameworks to enable the evaluation of both large-scale policy instruments and local management interventions. We conclude by suggesting further work required to develop these indicators fully, and hope this will stimulate the use of ecological indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of policy interventions for the adaptation of the natural environment across the globe.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Impacts of climate change on natural and human systems will become increasingly severe as the magnitude of climate change increases. Climate change adaptation interventions to address current and projected impacts are thus paramount. Yet, evidence on their effectiveness remains limited, highlighting the need for appropriate ecological indicators to measure progress of climate change adaptation for the natural environment. We outline conceptual, analytical, and practical challenges in developing such indicators, before proposing a framework with three process-based and two results-based indicator types to track progress in adapting to climate change. We emphasize the importance of dynamic assessment and modification over time, as new adaptation targets are set and/or as intervention actions are monitored and evaluated. Our framework and proposed indicators are flexible and widely applicable across species, habitats, and monitoring programmes, and could be accommodated within existing national or international frameworks to enable the evaluation of both large-scale policy instruments and local management interventions. We conclude by suggesting further work required to develop these indicators fully, and hope this will stimulate the use of ecological indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of policy interventions for the adaptation of the natural environment across the globe.
3813.
Kennedy-Asser, Alan; Owen, Gwilym; Griffith, Gareth J.; Andrews, Oliver; Lo, Y. T. Eunice; Mitchell, Dann M.; Jenkins, Katie; Warren, Rachel F.
Projected risks associated with heat stress in the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18) Journal Article
In: Environmental Research Letters, vol. 17, no. 3, 2022, ISSN: 1748-9326, (Funding Information: A K A, O A and R W acknowledge support from the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme (NE/S017267/1 and NE/T013931/1). The programme is co-delivered by Met Office and NERC on behalf of UKRI partners AHRC, EPSRC, ESRC. G G is funded by an ESRC Postdoctoral Fellowship (ES/T009101/1). YTEL was funded under the NERC project, HAPPI-Health (NE/R009554/1). D M M acknowledges a NERC fellowship (NE/N014057/1) and Turing Institute fellowship. Development of this Shiny App was supported by funds from Policy Bristol.).
@article{d1e67180761d4ac4bcc783eff79d8cd0,
title = {Projected risks associated with heat stress in the UK Climate Projections (UKCP18)},
author = {Alan Kennedy-Asser and Gwilym Owen and Gareth J. Griffith and Oliver Andrews and Y. T. Eunice Lo and Dann M. Mitchell and Katie Jenkins and Rachel F. Warren},
doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac541a},
issn = {1748-9326},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
publisher = {IOP Publishing Ltd},
abstract = {Summer heat extremes in the UK pose a risk to health (amongst other sectors) and this is exacerbated by localised socio-economic factors that contribute to vulnerability. Here, regional climate model simulations from the UK Climate Projections are used to assess how different elements of extreme heat will vary across the UK in the future under global mean surface temperature warming levels of +1.5 °C, +2.0 °C and +3.0 °C above pre-industrial. Heat stress metrics incorporating daily maximum and minimum temperature, temperature variability and vapour pressure are included. These show qualitatively similar spatial patterns for the recent past, with the most pronounced heat hazards found in south-eastern regions of the UK. Projected heat hazard changes across the UK are not homogeneous, with southern regions (e.g. Greater London, South East) showing greater increases in maximum temperatures and northern regions (e.g. Scotland and Northern Ireland) showing greater increases in humidity. With +3.0 °C warming, the relative change in combined heat hazards is found to be greatest in the south-western UK, however, in absolute terms, south-eastern regions will still experience the greatest hazards. When combined with socio-economic factors, hotspots of high heat stress risk emerge in parts of London, the Midlands and eastern England along with southern and eastern coastal regions. Weighting of different heat risk factors is subjective and to this end we have developed and made available an interactive app which allows users to assess sensitivities and uncertainties in the projected UK heat risk.},
note = {Funding Information: A K A, O A and R W acknowledge support from the UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Strategic Priorities Fund UK Climate Resilience programme (NE/S017267/1 and NE/T013931/1). The programme is co-delivered by Met Office and NERC on behalf of UKRI partners AHRC, EPSRC, ESRC. G G is funded by an ESRC Postdoctoral Fellowship (ES/T009101/1). YTEL was funded under the NERC project, HAPPI-Health (NE/R009554/1). D M M acknowledges a NERC fellowship (NE/N014057/1) and Turing Institute fellowship. Development of this Shiny App was supported by funds from Policy Bristol.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Summer heat extremes in the UK pose a risk to health (amongst other sectors) and this is exacerbated by localised socio-economic factors that contribute to vulnerability. Here, regional climate model simulations from the UK Climate Projections are used to assess how different elements of extreme heat will vary across the UK in the future under global mean surface temperature warming levels of +1.5 °C, +2.0 °C and +3.0 °C above pre-industrial. Heat stress metrics incorporating daily maximum and minimum temperature, temperature variability and vapour pressure are included. These show qualitatively similar spatial patterns for the recent past, with the most pronounced heat hazards found in south-eastern regions of the UK. Projected heat hazard changes across the UK are not homogeneous, with southern regions (e.g. Greater London, South East) showing greater increases in maximum temperatures and northern regions (e.g. Scotland and Northern Ireland) showing greater increases in humidity. With +3.0 °C warming, the relative change in combined heat hazards is found to be greatest in the south-western UK, however, in absolute terms, south-eastern regions will still experience the greatest hazards. When combined with socio-economic factors, hotspots of high heat stress risk emerge in parts of London, the Midlands and eastern England along with southern and eastern coastal regions. Weighting of different heat risk factors is subjective and to this end we have developed and made available an interactive app which allows users to assess sensitivities and uncertainties in the projected UK heat risk.
3812.
Bassey, Chizoba; Crooks, Harriet; Paterson, Katherine; Ball, Rachel; Howell, Kristoffer; Humphries-Cuff, Iona; Gaffigan, Kirsty; Rao, Nitya; Whitty, Jennifer A.; Hooper, Lee
In: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 1856–1869, 2022, ISSN: 1040-8398.
@article{3cbff87a842347cdae0a9f3df0bf5e96,
title = {Impact of home food production on nutritional blindness, stunting, wasting, underweight and mortality in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials},
author = {Chizoba Bassey and Harriet Crooks and Katherine Paterson and Rachel Ball and Kristoffer Howell and Iona Humphries-Cuff and Kirsty Gaffigan and Nitya Rao and Jennifer A. Whitty and Lee Hooper},
doi = {10.1080/10408398.2020.1848786},
issn = {1040-8398},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-01},
journal = {Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition},
volume = {62},
number = {7},
pages = {1856--1869},
publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
abstract = {Vitamin A deficiency is highly prevalent and remains the major cause of nutritional blindness in children in low-and middle-income countries, despite supplementation programmes. Xeropthalmia (severe drying and thickening of the conjunctiva) is caused by vitamin A deficiency and leads to irreversible blindness. Vitamin A supplementation programmes effectively reduce vitamin A deficiency but many rural children are not reached. Home food production may help prevent rural children’s vitamin A deficiency. We aimed to systematically review trials assessing effects of home food production (also called homestead food production and agricultural interventions) on xeropthalmia, night blindness, stunting, wasting, underweight and mortality (primary outcomes).. We searched Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL and trials registers to February 2019. Inclusion of studies, data extraction and risk of bias were assessed independently in duplicate. Random-effects meta-analysis, sensitivity analyses, subgrouping and GRADE were used. We included 16 trials randomizing 2498 children, none reported xerophthalmia, night-blindness or mortality. Home food production may slightly reduce stunting (mean difference (MD) 0.13 (z-score), 95% CI 0.01 to 0.24), wasting (MD 0.05 (z-score), 95% CI -0.04 to 0.14) and underweight (MD 0.07 (z-score), 95% CI -0.01 to 0.15) in young children (all GRADE low-consistency evidence), and increase dietary diversity (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.24, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.34). Home food production may usefully complement vitamin A supplementation for rural children. Large, long-duration trials with good randomization, allocation concealment and correct adjustment for clustering are needed to assess effectiveness of home food production on nutritional blindness in young children. Prospero registration: CRD42019126455 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019126455)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vitamin A deficiency is highly prevalent and remains the major cause of nutritional blindness in children in low-and middle-income countries, despite supplementation programmes. Xeropthalmia (severe drying and thickening of the conjunctiva) is caused by vitamin A deficiency and leads to irreversible blindness. Vitamin A supplementation programmes effectively reduce vitamin A deficiency but many rural children are not reached. Home food production may help prevent rural children’s vitamin A deficiency. We aimed to systematically review trials assessing effects of home food production (also called homestead food production and agricultural interventions) on xeropthalmia, night blindness, stunting, wasting, underweight and mortality (primary outcomes).. We searched Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL and trials registers to February 2019. Inclusion of studies, data extraction and risk of bias were assessed independently in duplicate. Random-effects meta-analysis, sensitivity analyses, subgrouping and GRADE were used. We included 16 trials randomizing 2498 children, none reported xerophthalmia, night-blindness or mortality. Home food production may slightly reduce stunting (mean difference (MD) 0.13 (z-score), 95% CI 0.01 to 0.24), wasting (MD 0.05 (z-score), 95% CI -0.04 to 0.14) and underweight (MD 0.07 (z-score), 95% CI -0.01 to 0.15) in young children (all GRADE low-consistency evidence), and increase dietary diversity (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.24, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.34). Home food production may usefully complement vitamin A supplementation for rural children. Large, long-duration trials with good randomization, allocation concealment and correct adjustment for clustering are needed to assess effectiveness of home food production on nutritional blindness in young children. Prospero registration: CRD42019126455 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019126455)
3811.
Hanmer, Clare; Wilson, Charlie; Edelenbosch, Oreane Y.; Vuuren, Detlef P. Van
Translating Global Integrated Assessment Model Output into Lifestyle Change Pathways at the Country and Household Level Journal Article
In: Energies, vol. 15, no. 5, 2022, ISSN: 1996-1073.
@article{368c522066ed4547b5f87f3449ca18b4,
title = {Translating Global Integrated Assessment Model Output into Lifestyle Change Pathways at the Country and Household Level},
author = {Clare Hanmer and Charlie Wilson and Oreane Y. Edelenbosch and Detlef P. Van Vuuren},
doi = {10.3390/en15051650},
issn = {1996-1073},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-02-23},
journal = {Energies},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {Countries’ emission reduction commitments under the Paris Agreement have significant implications for lifestyles. National planning to meet emission targets is based on modelling and analysis specific to individual countries, whereas global integrated assessment models provide scenario projections in a consistent framework but with less granular output. We contribute a novel methodology for translating global scenarios into lifestyle implications at the national and household levels, which is generalisable to any service or country and versatile to work with any model or scenario. Our 5Ds method post-processes Integrated Assessment Model projections of sectoral energy demand for the global region to derive energy-service-specific lifestyle change at the household level. We illustrate the methodology for two energy services (mobility, heating) in two countries (UK, Sweden), showing how effort to reach zero carbon targets varies between countries and households. Our method creates an analytical bridge between global model output and information that can be used at national and local levels, making clear the lifestyle implications of climate targets.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Countries’ emission reduction commitments under the Paris Agreement have significant implications for lifestyles. National planning to meet emission targets is based on modelling and analysis specific to individual countries, whereas global integrated assessment models provide scenario projections in a consistent framework but with less granular output. We contribute a novel methodology for translating global scenarios into lifestyle implications at the national and household levels, which is generalisable to any service or country and versatile to work with any model or scenario. Our 5Ds method post-processes Integrated Assessment Model projections of sectoral energy demand for the global region to derive energy-service-specific lifestyle change at the household level. We illustrate the methodology for two energy services (mobility, heating) in two countries (UK, Sweden), showing how effort to reach zero carbon targets varies between countries and households. Our method creates an analytical bridge between global model output and information that can be used at national and local levels, making clear the lifestyle implications of climate targets.
3810.
Blomquist, Paula; Bridgen,; Bray, Neil; O'Connell, Anne Marie; West, Daniel; Groves, Natalie; Gallagher, Eileen; Utsi, Lara; Jarvis, Christopher; Hardstaff, Jo; Byers, Chloe; Metelmann, Soeren; Simons, David; Zaidi, Asad; Twohig, Katherine; Savagar, Bethan; lochen, Allesandra; Ryan, Cian; Wrenn, Katie; Saavedra-Campos, Maria; Abedin, Zahidul; Florence, Isaac; Cleary, Paul; Elson, Richard; Vivancos, Roberto; Lake, Iain
Enhancing epidemiological surveillance of the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant using spike gene target failure data, England, 15 November to 31 December 2021 Journal Article
In: Eurosurveillance, 2022, ISSN: 1560-7917.
@article{dd53846ab5984dc4ae1b0f328d00b661,
title = {Enhancing epidemiological surveillance of the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant using spike gene target failure data, England, 15 November to 31 December 2021},
author = {Paula Blomquist and Bridgen and Neil Bray and Anne Marie O'Connell and Daniel West and Natalie Groves and Eileen Gallagher and Lara Utsi and Christopher Jarvis and Jo Hardstaff and Chloe Byers and Soeren Metelmann and David Simons and Asad Zaidi and Katherine Twohig and Bethan Savagar and Allesandra lochen and Cian Ryan and Katie Wrenn and Maria Saavedra-Campos and Zahidul Abedin and Isaac Florence and Paul Cleary and Richard Elson and Roberto Vivancos and Iain Lake},
issn = {1560-7917},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-02-17},
journal = {Eurosurveillance},
publisher = {Centre Europeen pour la Surveillance Epidemiologique du SIDA},
abstract = {When SARS-CoV-2 Omicron emerged in 2021, S gene target failure enabled differentiation between Omicron and the dominant Delta variant. In England, where S gene target surveillance (SGTS) was already established, this led to rapid identification (within ca 3 days of sample collection) of possible Omicron cases, alongside real-time surveillance and modelling of Omicron growth. SGTS was key to public health action (including case identification and incident management), and we share applied insights on how and when to use SGTS.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
When SARS-CoV-2 Omicron emerged in 2021, S gene target failure enabled differentiation between Omicron and the dominant Delta variant. In England, where S gene target surveillance (SGTS) was already established, this led to rapid identification (within ca 3 days of sample collection) of possible Omicron cases, alongside real-time surveillance and modelling of Omicron growth. SGTS was key to public health action (including case identification and incident management), and we share applied insights on how and when to use SGTS.
3809.
Prakash, Anjal; Mcglade, Katriona; Call, Roxy; Roy, Joyashree; Some, Shreya; Rao, Nitya
Climate adaptation interventions in coastal areas: a rapid review of social and gendered dimensions Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Climate, 2022, ISSN: 2624-9553.
@article{0fcff5b8357c44539bacea8eb5c916a4,
title = {Climate adaptation interventions in coastal areas: a rapid review of social and gendered dimensions},
author = {Anjal Prakash and Katriona Mcglade and Roxy Call and Joyashree Roy and Shreya Some and Nitya Rao},
issn = {2624-9553},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-02-16},
journal = {Frontiers in Climate},
publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
abstract = {In this paper, we present the results of a rapid review of the literature on gender and coastal climate adaptation. The IPCC’s 2019 Special Report on Oceans and Cryosphere (SROCC) highlighted some of the major ways in which gender inequality interacts with coastal climate change. However, the report does not consider how gender interacts with adaptation interventions. This review was driven by the need to understand these dynamics in more detail as well as deepen the understanding of how coastal climate adaptation affects the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5, for gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. Our analysis is based on a screening of over 1000 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014-2020. The results were strongly populated by natural science publications leading to very low coverage of gender as a social dimension of adaptation. Of the papers reviewed, a mere 2.6% discussed gender and often only in a cursory way. While the literature surveyed does not allow us to close the gap present in the SROCC in any meaningful way, the results do provide important new insights from the literature that does exist. Of particular note is the fact that adaptation measures may have positive and negative gender outcomes currently invisible under the SDG5 framework. We conclude that there is a need to collect gender-disaggregated data on coastal adaptation efforts and to review SDG5 targets and indicators to ensure that the gender dimensions of climate adaptation are fully captured and accounted for.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this paper, we present the results of a rapid review of the literature on gender and coastal climate adaptation. The IPCC’s 2019 Special Report on Oceans and Cryosphere (SROCC) highlighted some of the major ways in which gender inequality interacts with coastal climate change. However, the report does not consider how gender interacts with adaptation interventions. This review was driven by the need to understand these dynamics in more detail as well as deepen the understanding of how coastal climate adaptation affects the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5, for gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. Our analysis is based on a screening of over 1000 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014-2020. The results were strongly populated by natural science publications leading to very low coverage of gender as a social dimension of adaptation. Of the papers reviewed, a mere 2.6% discussed gender and often only in a cursory way. While the literature surveyed does not allow us to close the gap present in the SROCC in any meaningful way, the results do provide important new insights from the literature that does exist. Of particular note is the fact that adaptation measures may have positive and negative gender outcomes currently invisible under the SDG5 framework. We conclude that there is a need to collect gender-disaggregated data on coastal adaptation efforts and to review SDG5 targets and indicators to ensure that the gender dimensions of climate adaptation are fully captured and accounted for.
3808.
Ciais, Philippe; Bastos, Ana; Chevallier, Frédéric; Lauerwald, Ronny; Poulter, Benjamin; Canadell, Pep; Hugelius, Gustaf; Jackson, Robert B.; Jain, Atul K.; Jones, Matthew; Kondo, Masayuki; Luijkx, Ingrid T.; Patra, Prabir K.; Peters, Wouter; Pongratz, Julia; Petrescu, Roxana; Piao, Shilong; Qiu, Chunjing; Randow, Celso; Regnier, Pierre; Saunois, Marielle; Scholes, Robert; Shvidenko, Anatoli; Tian, Hanqin; Yang, Hui; Wang, Xuhui; Zheng, Bo
In: Geoscientific Model Development, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1289–1316, 2022, ISSN: 1991-9603, (Funding Information: Acknowledgements. Philippe Ciais acknowledges funding from the ANR CLAND Convergence Institute. Ana Bastos, Frédéric Cheval-lier, and Philippe Ciais acknowledge support from the VERIFY H2020 project and the RECCAP2 ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project. The authors are very grateful to the many data providers (measurements, models, inventories, atmospheric inversions, hybrid products, etc.) that are directly or indirectly used in this study. Publisher Copyright: textcopyright Author(s) 2022.).
@article{e0abea64702b4655ba23b0c13539bc4e,
title = {Definitions and methods to estimate regional land carbon fluxes for the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project (RECCAP-2)},
author = {Philippe Ciais and Ana Bastos and Frédéric Chevallier and Ronny Lauerwald and Benjamin Poulter and Pep Canadell and Gustaf Hugelius and Robert B. Jackson and Atul K. Jain and Matthew Jones and Masayuki Kondo and Ingrid T. Luijkx and Prabir K. Patra and Wouter Peters and Julia Pongratz and Roxana Petrescu and Shilong Piao and Chunjing Qiu and Celso Randow and Pierre Regnier and Marielle Saunois and Robert Scholes and Anatoli Shvidenko and Hanqin Tian and Hui Yang and Xuhui Wang and Bo Zheng},
doi = {10.5194/gmd-15-1289-2022},
issn = {1991-9603},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-02-16},
journal = {Geoscientific Model Development},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {1289–1316},
publisher = {Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH},
abstract = {Regional land carbon budgets provide insights into the spatial distribution of the land uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide and can be used to evaluate carbon cycle models and to define baselines for land-based additional mitigation efforts. The scientific community has been involved in providing observation-based estimates of regional carbon budgets either by downscaling atmospheric CO2 observations into surface fluxes with atmospheric inversions, by using inventories of carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems, by upscaling local field observations such as flux towers with gridded climate and remote sensing fields, or by integrating data-driven or process-oriented terrestrial carbon cycle models. The first coordinated attempt to collect regional carbon budgets for nine regions covering the entire globe in the RECCAP-1 project has delivered estimates for the decade 2000–2009, but these budgets were not comparable between regions due to different definitions and component fluxes being reported or omitted. The recent recognition of lateral fluxes of carbon by human activities and rivers that connect CO2 uptake in one area with its release in another also requires better definitions and protocols to reach harmonized regional budgets that can be summed up to a globe scale and compared with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and inversion results. In this study, using the international initiative RECCAP-2 coordinated by the Global Carbon Project, which aims to be an update to regional carbon budgets over the last 2 decades based on observations for 10 regions covering the globe with a better harmonization than the precursor project, we provide recommendations for using atmospheric inversion results to match bottom-up carbon accounting and models, and we define the different component fluxes of the net land atmosphere carbon exchange that should be reported by each research group in charge of each region. Special attention is given to lateral fluxes, inland water fluxes, and land use fluxes.},
note = {Funding Information: Acknowledgements. Philippe Ciais acknowledges funding from the ANR CLAND Convergence Institute. Ana Bastos, Frédéric Cheval-lier, and Philippe Ciais acknowledge support from the VERIFY H2020 project and the RECCAP2 ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project. The authors are very grateful to the many data providers (measurements, models, inventories, atmospheric inversions, hybrid products, etc.) that are directly or indirectly used in this study. Publisher Copyright: textcopyright Author(s) 2022.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Regional land carbon budgets provide insights into the spatial distribution of the land uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide and can be used to evaluate carbon cycle models and to define baselines for land-based additional mitigation efforts. The scientific community has been involved in providing observation-based estimates of regional carbon budgets either by downscaling atmospheric CO2 observations into surface fluxes with atmospheric inversions, by using inventories of carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems, by upscaling local field observations such as flux towers with gridded climate and remote sensing fields, or by integrating data-driven or process-oriented terrestrial carbon cycle models. The first coordinated attempt to collect regional carbon budgets for nine regions covering the entire globe in the RECCAP-1 project has delivered estimates for the decade 2000–2009, but these budgets were not comparable between regions due to different definitions and component fluxes being reported or omitted. The recent recognition of lateral fluxes of carbon by human activities and rivers that connect CO2 uptake in one area with its release in another also requires better definitions and protocols to reach harmonized regional budgets that can be summed up to a globe scale and compared with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and inversion results. In this study, using the international initiative RECCAP-2 coordinated by the Global Carbon Project, which aims to be an update to regional carbon budgets over the last 2 decades based on observations for 10 regions covering the globe with a better harmonization than the precursor project, we provide recommendations for using atmospheric inversion results to match bottom-up carbon accounting and models, and we define the different component fluxes of the net land atmosphere carbon exchange that should be reported by each research group in charge of each region. Special attention is given to lateral fluxes, inland water fluxes, and land use fluxes.
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