Tyndall Centre Publications
The following database is for researcher of the University of East Anglia (UEA) only.
1861.
Phelps, Jacob; Zabala, Aiora; Daeli, Willy; Carmenta, Rachel
Experts and resource users split over solutions to peatland fires Journal Article
In: World Development, 146 , 2021, ISSN: 0305-750X.
@article{a505007ebe0940c2a48b0f50c0538566,
title = {Experts and resource users split over solutions to peatland fires},
author = {Jacob Phelps and Aiora Zabala and Willy Daeli and Rachel Carmenta},
doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105594},
issn = {0305-750X},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-01},
journal = {World Development},
volume = {146},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {We provide empirical evidence that supports a commonly-held assumption: that expertstextquoteright appraisals of policy options are often very distinct from those of resource users most affected by those policy choices. We analyse perspectives about 40 policy options to address peatland fires in Indonesia, using a Q methodology approach to rank the options according to perceived effectiveness. Peatland fires in Indonesia are a long-standing and complex social-ecological challenge, where unsolved disagreements about policy options have profound implications for environmental governance, resulting in fires recurring and causing significant CO2 emissions and transboundary haze that affects the health of millions. We collected data from 219 respondents, covering twelve stakeholder categories, including small and large landholders, industrial farmers, scientists, local leaders and government officials. We identified the most representative response from each stakeholder category, and used hierarchical cluster analysis to explore the closeness/distance in perspectives among categories. The results show a particularly noticeable distinction between two broad groups, which we labelled as experts and resource users. Experts tend to prefer solutions that are centralised and largely transformative, whereas resource users favour more localised measures that are more compatible with business-as-usual. We discuss possible reasons for these differences, and their implications for environmental governance, including for how scientists engage in policy.},
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We provide empirical evidence that supports a commonly-held assumption: that expertstextquoteright appraisals of policy options are often very distinct from those of resource users most affected by those policy choices. We analyse perspectives about 40 policy options to address peatland fires in Indonesia, using a Q methodology approach to rank the options according to perceived effectiveness. Peatland fires in Indonesia are a long-standing and complex social-ecological challenge, where unsolved disagreements about policy options have profound implications for environmental governance, resulting in fires recurring and causing significant CO2 emissions and transboundary haze that affects the health of millions. We collected data from 219 respondents, covering twelve stakeholder categories, including small and large landholders, industrial farmers, scientists, local leaders and government officials. We identified the most representative response from each stakeholder category, and used hierarchical cluster analysis to explore the closeness/distance in perspectives among categories. The results show a particularly noticeable distinction between two broad groups, which we labelled as experts and resource users. Experts tend to prefer solutions that are centralised and largely transformative, whereas resource users favour more localised measures that are more compatible with business-as-usual. We discuss possible reasons for these differences, and their implications for environmental governance, including for how scientists engage in policy.
1860.
Kenny, John; Larner, Jac; Lewis-Beck, Michael
Candidate authenticity and the Iowa Caucus Journal Article
In: Electoral Studies, 73 , pp. 1–8, 2021, ISSN: 0261-3794.
@article{1c30b1f2b98843f2bd92b9c0315f9ff9,
title = {Candidate authenticity and the Iowa Caucus},
author = {John Kenny and Jac Larner and Michael Lewis-Beck},
doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102390},
issn = {0261-3794},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-01},
journal = {Electoral Studies},
volume = {73},
pages = {1--8},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Candidate textquoteleftauthenticitytextquoteright has become a frequent explanation of electoral performance. Yet its study in electoral research has been largely neglected. Building on recent work, we test its relationship with candidate support in the 2020 Iowa Democratic Caucus through a survey of likely Caucus goers. The Caucus offers an ideal setting — a contest focused on candidates and their personalities, in a context having far-reaching political implications. We demonstrate that authenticity perceptions played an important role in individual vote intentions. Indeed, for Biden and Buttigieg perceptions of their authenticity were strongly associated with vote intention even when controlling for other established traits. Warren, unlike the others, benefited indirectly, because her authenticity triggered substantial support among female voters. The performance of the authenticity trait, direct and indirect, points to its pivotal potential in the 2020 presidential campaign.},
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Candidate textquoteleftauthenticitytextquoteright has become a frequent explanation of electoral performance. Yet its study in electoral research has been largely neglected. Building on recent work, we test its relationship with candidate support in the 2020 Iowa Democratic Caucus through a survey of likely Caucus goers. The Caucus offers an ideal setting — a contest focused on candidates and their personalities, in a context having far-reaching political implications. We demonstrate that authenticity perceptions played an important role in individual vote intentions. Indeed, for Biden and Buttigieg perceptions of their authenticity were strongly associated with vote intention even when controlling for other established traits. Warren, unlike the others, benefited indirectly, because her authenticity triggered substantial support among female voters. The performance of the authenticity trait, direct and indirect, points to its pivotal potential in the 2020 presidential campaign.
1859.
Clery, Diarmaid S.; Vaughan, Naomi E.; Forster, Johanna; Lorenzoni, Irene; Gough, Clair A.; Chilvers, Jason
Bringing greenhouse gas removal down to earth: Stakeholder supply chain appraisals reveal complex challenges Journal Article
In: Global Environmental Change, 71 , 2021, ISSN: 0959-3780.
@article{19cd31aee87a46acbfd3d03b4ef4f789,
title = {Bringing greenhouse gas removal down to earth: Stakeholder supply chain appraisals reveal complex challenges},
author = {Diarmaid S. Clery and Naomi E. Vaughan and Johanna Forster and Irene Lorenzoni and Clair A. Gough and Jason Chilvers},
doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102369},
issn = {0959-3780},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-24},
journal = {Global Environmental Change},
volume = {71},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Greenhouse gas removal (GGR) approaches are considered essential in several projections to meet the climate mitigation ambition of the Paris Agreement. Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and afforestation are included extensively in mitigation scenarios but there are concerns about the feasibility of these approaches. This was explored with stakeholders from industry, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and policy who were involved in interviews and a one-day participatory workshop. Multicriteria mapping (MCM) methodology was used to appraise the textquoteleftreal-worldtextquoteright feasibility of four specific greenhouse gas removal supply chains at a granular level in the UK context. The MCM analysis shows that afforestation performs better in comparison to three BECCS supply chains, on criteria such as business model, social acceptability, and environmental sustainability. This innovative application of the MCM methodology enables the abstract representations of GGR in integrated assessment models to be explored at a more granular level through a supply chain analysis and thus gain a deeper understanding of the issues facing these approaches. The data gathered allows a wide range of technical, environmental, social and political criteria to be systematically applied in appraising the practical performance of different future implementation options for afforestation and BECCS. If these GGR supply chains are to become a reality on the scale required for 1.5 °C global warming, factors such as global cooperation, land availability, and the longevity of policies and incentives were found to be major challenges.},
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Greenhouse gas removal (GGR) approaches are considered essential in several projections to meet the climate mitigation ambition of the Paris Agreement. Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and afforestation are included extensively in mitigation scenarios but there are concerns about the feasibility of these approaches. This was explored with stakeholders from industry, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and policy who were involved in interviews and a one-day participatory workshop. Multicriteria mapping (MCM) methodology was used to appraise the textquoteleftreal-worldtextquoteright feasibility of four specific greenhouse gas removal supply chains at a granular level in the UK context. The MCM analysis shows that afforestation performs better in comparison to three BECCS supply chains, on criteria such as business model, social acceptability, and environmental sustainability. This innovative application of the MCM methodology enables the abstract representations of GGR in integrated assessment models to be explored at a more granular level through a supply chain analysis and thus gain a deeper understanding of the issues facing these approaches. The data gathered allows a wide range of technical, environmental, social and political criteria to be systematically applied in appraising the practical performance of different future implementation options for afforestation and BECCS. If these GGR supply chains are to become a reality on the scale required for 1.5 °C global warming, factors such as global cooperation, land availability, and the longevity of policies and incentives were found to be major challenges.
1858.
Allan, Andrew; Barbour, Emily J.; Nicholls, Robert; Hutton, Craig W.; Lim, Michelle; Salehin, Mashfiqus; Rahman, Md Munsur
Developing socio-ecological scenarios: A participatory process for engaging stakeholders Journal Article
In: Science of the Total Environment, 2021, ISSN: 0048-9697.
@article{5dc6c446afc346bb964660e3cfbbb341,
title = {Developing socio-ecological scenarios: A participatory process for engaging stakeholders},
author = {Andrew Allan and Emily J. Barbour and Robert Nicholls and Craig W. Hutton and Michelle Lim and Mashfiqus Salehin and Md Munsur Rahman},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150512},
issn = {0048-9697},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-22},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Deltas are experiencing profound demographic, economic and land use changes and human-induced catchment and climate change. Bangladesh exemplifies these difficulties through multiple climate risks including subsidence/sea-level rise, temperature rise, and changing precipitation patterns, as well as changing management of the Ganges and Brahmaputra catchments. There is a growing population and economy driving numerous more local changes, while dense rural population and poverty remain significant. Identifying appropriate policy and planning responses is extremely difficult in these circumstances. This paper adopts a participatory scenario development process incorporating both socio-economic and biophysical elements across multiple scales and sectors as part of an integrated assessment of ecosystem services and livelihoods in coastal Bangladesh. Rather than simply downscale global perspectives, the analysis was driven by a large and diverse stakeholder group who met with the researchers over four years as the assessment was designed, implemented and applied. There were four main stages: (A) establish meta-framework for the analysis; (B) develop qualitative scenarios of key trends; (C) translate these scenarios into quantitative form for the integrated assessment model analysis; and (D) a review of the model results, which raises new stakeholder insights (e.g., preferred adaptation and policy responses) and questions. Step D can be repeated leading to an iterative learning loop cycle, and the process can potentially be ongoing. The strong and structured process of stakeholder engagement gave strong local ownership of the scenarios and the wider process. This process can be generalised for widespread application across socio-ecological systems following the same four-stage approach. It demands sustained engagement with stakeholders and hence needs to be linked to a long-term research process. However, it facilitates a more credible foundation for planning especially where there are multiple interacting factors.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Deltas are experiencing profound demographic, economic and land use changes and human-induced catchment and climate change. Bangladesh exemplifies these difficulties through multiple climate risks including subsidence/sea-level rise, temperature rise, and changing precipitation patterns, as well as changing management of the Ganges and Brahmaputra catchments. There is a growing population and economy driving numerous more local changes, while dense rural population and poverty remain significant. Identifying appropriate policy and planning responses is extremely difficult in these circumstances. This paper adopts a participatory scenario development process incorporating both socio-economic and biophysical elements across multiple scales and sectors as part of an integrated assessment of ecosystem services and livelihoods in coastal Bangladesh. Rather than simply downscale global perspectives, the analysis was driven by a large and diverse stakeholder group who met with the researchers over four years as the assessment was designed, implemented and applied. There were four main stages: (A) establish meta-framework for the analysis; (B) develop qualitative scenarios of key trends; (C) translate these scenarios into quantitative form for the integrated assessment model analysis; and (D) a review of the model results, which raises new stakeholder insights (e.g., preferred adaptation and policy responses) and questions. Step D can be repeated leading to an iterative learning loop cycle, and the process can potentially be ongoing. The strong and structured process of stakeholder engagement gave strong local ownership of the scenarios and the wider process. This process can be generalised for widespread application across socio-ecological systems following the same four-stage approach. It demands sustained engagement with stakeholders and hence needs to be linked to a long-term research process. However, it facilitates a more credible foundation for planning especially where there are multiple interacting factors.
1857.
Delafield, Gemma; Donnison, Caspar; Roddis, Philippa; Arvanitopoulos, Theodoros; Sfyridis, Alexandros; Dunnett, Sebastian; Ball, Thomas; Logan, Kathryn G.
Conceptual framework for balancing society and nature in net-zero energy transitions Journal Article
In: Environmental Science & Policy, 125 , pp. 189–201, 2021, ISSN: 1462-9011.
@article{28b19f0bb49b4b7bac532209e3a3f2e9,
title = {Conceptual framework for balancing society and nature in net-zero energy transitions},
author = {Gemma Delafield and Caspar Donnison and Philippa Roddis and Theodoros Arvanitopoulos and Alexandros Sfyridis and Sebastian Dunnett and Thomas Ball and Kathryn G. Logan},
doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2021.08.021},
issn = {1462-9011},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-16},
journal = {Environmental Science & Policy},
volume = {125},
pages = {189--201},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Transitioning to a low carbon energy future is essential to meet the Paris Agreement targets and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To understand how societies can undertake this transition, energy models have been developed to explore future energy scenarios. These models often focus on the techno-economic aspects of the transition and overlook the long-term implications on both society and the natural environment. Without a holistic approach, it is impossible to evaluate the trade-offs, as well as the co-benefits, between decarbonisation and other policy goals. This paper presents the Energy Scenario Evaluation (ESE) framework which can be used to assess the impact of energy scenarios on society and the natural environment. This conceptual framework utilises interdisciplinary qualitative and quantitative methods to determine whether an energy scenario is likely to lead to a publicly acceptable and sustainable energy transition. Using the SDGs, this paper illustrates how energy transitions are interconnected with human development and the importance of incorporating environmental and socio-economic data into energy models to design energy scenarios which meet other policy priorities. We discuss a variety of research methods which can be used to evaluate spatial, environmental, and social impacts of energy transitions. By showcasing where these impacts will be experienced, the ESE framework can be used to facilitate engagement and decision-making between policymakers and local communities, those who will be directly affected by energy transitions. Outputs of the ESE framework can therefore perform an important role in shaping feasible and energy transitions which meet the Paris Agreement targets and SDGs.},
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}
Transitioning to a low carbon energy future is essential to meet the Paris Agreement targets and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To understand how societies can undertake this transition, energy models have been developed to explore future energy scenarios. These models often focus on the techno-economic aspects of the transition and overlook the long-term implications on both society and the natural environment. Without a holistic approach, it is impossible to evaluate the trade-offs, as well as the co-benefits, between decarbonisation and other policy goals. This paper presents the Energy Scenario Evaluation (ESE) framework which can be used to assess the impact of energy scenarios on society and the natural environment. This conceptual framework utilises interdisciplinary qualitative and quantitative methods to determine whether an energy scenario is likely to lead to a publicly acceptable and sustainable energy transition. Using the SDGs, this paper illustrates how energy transitions are interconnected with human development and the importance of incorporating environmental and socio-economic data into energy models to design energy scenarios which meet other policy priorities. We discuss a variety of research methods which can be used to evaluate spatial, environmental, and social impacts of energy transitions. By showcasing where these impacts will be experienced, the ESE framework can be used to facilitate engagement and decision-making between policymakers and local communities, those who will be directly affected by energy transitions. Outputs of the ESE framework can therefore perform an important role in shaping feasible and energy transitions which meet the Paris Agreement targets and SDGs.
1856.
Kenny, John; Heath, Anthony; Richards, Lindsay
Fuzzy Frontiers? Testing the Fluidity of National, Partisan and Brexit Identities in the Aftermath of the 2016 Referendum Journal Article
In: Political Studies, pp. 1–25, 2021, ISSN: 0032-3217.
@article{456db63147d8465cbec7fe7e89e76d49,
title = {Fuzzy Frontiers? Testing the Fluidity of National, Partisan and Brexit Identities in the Aftermath of the 2016 Referendum},
author = {John Kenny and Anthony Heath and Lindsay Richards},
doi = {10.1177/00323217211050001},
issn = {0032-3217},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-12},
journal = {Political Studies},
pages = {1--25},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {British and English national identities have long been considered to have porous boundaries whereby English individuals consider the terms more or less interchangeable. However, there is no empirical evidence to demonstrate whether primary feelings of either Britishness or Englishness are highly fluid within-individuals or whether individuals are consistent in their perceptions of their British or English identity. This is especially relevant in the post-Brexit referendum context where national identity is highly correlated with Brexit attitudes. Using panel data, we demonstrate that there is a notable degree of fluidity between identifying as British or English. This is higher than the fluidity between other national identities in the UK as well as more fluid than moving between any partisan or EU referendum identities. Remainers are more fluid than Leavers in their Englishness, whereas they are similar in the fluidity of their Britishness.},
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pubstate = {published},
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British and English national identities have long been considered to have porous boundaries whereby English individuals consider the terms more or less interchangeable. However, there is no empirical evidence to demonstrate whether primary feelings of either Britishness or Englishness are highly fluid within-individuals or whether individuals are consistent in their perceptions of their British or English identity. This is especially relevant in the post-Brexit referendum context where national identity is highly correlated with Brexit attitudes. Using panel data, we demonstrate that there is a notable degree of fluidity between identifying as British or English. This is higher than the fluidity between other national identities in the UK as well as more fluid than moving between any partisan or EU referendum identities. Remainers are more fluid than Leavers in their Englishness, whereas they are similar in the fluidity of their Britishness.
1855.
Schoenefeld, Jonas J.; Schulze, Kai; Hildén, Mikael; Jordan, Andrew J.
The Challenging Paths to Net-Zero Emissions: Insights from the Monitoring of National Policy Mixes Journal Article
In: The International Spectator, 56 (3), pp. 24–40, 2021, ISSN: 0393-2729.
@article{84fc048c561d40e9b2157860ab71c757,
title = {The Challenging Paths to Net-Zero Emissions: Insights from the Monitoring of National Policy Mixes},
author = {Jonas J. Schoenefeld and Kai Schulze and Mikael Hildén and Andrew J. Jordan},
doi = {10.1080/03932729.2021.1956827},
issn = {0393-2729},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-06},
journal = {The International Spectator},
volume = {56},
number = {3},
pages = {24--40},
publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
abstract = {To achieve its ambitious climate targets, the European Union (EU) must adopt new policies, increase the impact of existing policies and/or remove dysfunctional ones. The EU has developed an elaborate system to monitor national policy mixes in order to support these challenging requirements. Data that member states have reported to the EU over the last ten years reveal that the average expected per-policy-instrument emission reduction has declined, while national policy mixes have remained generally stable over time. This is strikingly discordant with the EUtextquoterights ambitious commitment to become carbon neutral by 2050 (textquoteleftnet zerotextquoteright).},
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To achieve its ambitious climate targets, the European Union (EU) must adopt new policies, increase the impact of existing policies and/or remove dysfunctional ones. The EU has developed an elaborate system to monitor national policy mixes in order to support these challenging requirements. Data that member states have reported to the EU over the last ten years reveal that the average expected per-policy-instrument emission reduction has declined, while national policy mixes have remained generally stable over time. This is strikingly discordant with the EUtextquoterights ambitious commitment to become carbon neutral by 2050 (textquoteleftnet zerotextquoteright).
1854.
Fernandez, Rosa; Schoenefeld, Jonas; Hoerber, Thomas; Oberthur, Sebastian
Europetextquoterights transition to sustainability: Actors, approaches and policies Journal Article
In: The International Spectator, 56 (3), pp. 1–6, 2021, ISSN: 0393-2729, (Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge the UACES Research Network textquoteleftThe Role of Europe in Global Challenges: Climate Change and Sustainable Developmenttextquoteright for the organisation of a dedicated online workshop. The Jean Monnet Network textquoteleftGoverning the EUtextquoterights climate and energy transition in turbulent timestextquoteright (GOVTRAN: www.govtran.eu), which is funded by the Erasmus+ programme of the European Union, deserves credit for additional support.).
@article{6c407a8abb1f4d26a8441c14d9ed6bb2,
title = {Europetextquoterights transition to sustainability: Actors, approaches and policies},
author = {Rosa Fernandez and Jonas Schoenefeld and Thomas Hoerber and Sebastian Oberthur},
doi = {10.1080/03932729.2021.1966188},
issn = {0393-2729},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-06},
journal = {The International Spectator},
volume = {56},
number = {3},
pages = {1--6},
publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
note = {Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge the UACES Research Network textquoteleftThe Role of Europe in Global Challenges: Climate Change and Sustainable Developmenttextquoteright for the organisation of a dedicated online workshop. The Jean Monnet Network textquoteleftGoverning the EUtextquoterights climate and energy transition in turbulent timestextquoteright (GOVTRAN: www.govtran.eu), which is funded by the Erasmus+ programme of the European Union, deserves credit for additional support.},
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}
1853.
Carmenta, Rachel; Cammelli, Federico; Dressler, Wolfram; Verbicaro, Camila; Zähringer, Julie
Between a rock and a hard place: The burdens of uncontrolled fire for smallholders across the tropics Journal Article
In: World Development, 145 , 2021, ISSN: 0305-750X.
@article{6c40855fdcf142c48494ed4ae136133c,
title = {Between a rock and a hard place: The burdens of uncontrolled fire for smallholders across the tropics},
author = {Rachel Carmenta and Federico Cammelli and Wolfram Dressler and Camila Verbicaro and Julie Zähringer},
doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105521},
issn = {0305-750X},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-01},
journal = {World Development},
volume = {145},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Once fire-resistant rainforests are becoming fire prone. Uncontrolled fires reflect new ecologies of the Anthropocene, driven by interactions of multiple actors and sectors across scales. They threaten the ecological integrity of tropical forests, impact global climate regimes and importantly cause considerable social and economic burdens. Numerous smallholder farming communities throughout the forested tropics experience the immediate place-based damages of uncontrolled fires and increasingly flammable landscapes. However, these burdens remain largely textquoteleftinvisibletextquoteright as leading narratives concentrate on losses accrued at aggregate scales, including to climate and biodiversity. Rather, smallholder farmers are often cast as culprits of contagion rooted in colonial condemnation of their customary fire-based agricultural practices. We use an environmental justice lens, notably the dimensions of recognition and distribution, to reveal the distributional burdens of uncontrolled fires for these land managers. We use empirical data from four case studies in three countries: Brazil, Madagascar and the Philippines, to explore the i) burdens of uncontrolled fire, ii) changing risks, iii) drivers and iv) responses to uncontrolled fire, and finally, the v) level of smallholder dependence on intentional fire. We show that place-based burdens of uncontrolled landscape fire are significant, including in landscapes where fire frequency is low. Burdens are both material and non-material and include infringements on food security, health, livelihoods, social relations and the burden of prohibitive fire policy itself. Equitable responses to uncontrolled fires must be sensitive to the distinctions between fire types. Further, we suggest that through bringing visibility to the place-based burdens of uncontrolled fires, we can begin to co-design resilient responses that avoid placing the final burden of risk reduction on to marginalized smallholder farming communities.},
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Once fire-resistant rainforests are becoming fire prone. Uncontrolled fires reflect new ecologies of the Anthropocene, driven by interactions of multiple actors and sectors across scales. They threaten the ecological integrity of tropical forests, impact global climate regimes and importantly cause considerable social and economic burdens. Numerous smallholder farming communities throughout the forested tropics experience the immediate place-based damages of uncontrolled fires and increasingly flammable landscapes. However, these burdens remain largely textquoteleftinvisibletextquoteright as leading narratives concentrate on losses accrued at aggregate scales, including to climate and biodiversity. Rather, smallholder farmers are often cast as culprits of contagion rooted in colonial condemnation of their customary fire-based agricultural practices. We use an environmental justice lens, notably the dimensions of recognition and distribution, to reveal the distributional burdens of uncontrolled fires for these land managers. We use empirical data from four case studies in three countries: Brazil, Madagascar and the Philippines, to explore the i) burdens of uncontrolled fire, ii) changing risks, iii) drivers and iv) responses to uncontrolled fire, and finally, the v) level of smallholder dependence on intentional fire. We show that place-based burdens of uncontrolled landscape fire are significant, including in landscapes where fire frequency is low. Burdens are both material and non-material and include infringements on food security, health, livelihoods, social relations and the burden of prohibitive fire policy itself. Equitable responses to uncontrolled fires must be sensitive to the distinctions between fire types. Further, we suggest that through bringing visibility to the place-based burdens of uncontrolled fires, we can begin to co-design resilient responses that avoid placing the final burden of risk reduction on to marginalized smallholder farming communities.
1852.
Maas, Timo; Montana, Jasper; Hel, Sandra; Kowarsch, Martin; Tuinstra, Willemijn; Schoolenberg, Machteld; Mahony, Martin; Lucas, Paul; Kok, Marcel; Bakkes, Jan; Turnhout, Esther
Effectively empowering: A different look at bolstering the effectiveness of global environmental assessments Journal Article
In: Environmental Science & Policy, 123 , pp. 210–219, 2021, ISSN: 1462-9011.
@article{47c5b8cd3c1c4903a15f6a2359cec963,
title = {Effectively empowering: A different look at bolstering the effectiveness of global environmental assessments},
author = {Timo Maas and Jasper Montana and Sandra Hel and Martin Kowarsch and Willemijn Tuinstra and Machteld Schoolenberg and Martin Mahony and Paul Lucas and Marcel Kok and Jan Bakkes and Esther Turnhout},
doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2021.05.024},
issn = {1462-9011},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-01},
journal = {Environmental Science & Policy},
volume = {123},
pages = {210--219},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Global environmental assessments are widely considered to play a prominent role in environmental governance. However, they are also criticised for a lack of effectiveness in informing policy and decision-making. In response, GEAs have adopted a number of strategies to bolster their effectiveness, including by orienting themselves towards solutions (solution-orientation), increasing the diversity of included experts (participation), and producing more targeted assessments (contextualisation). In this article, we analyse these strategies as attempts to be effective for multiple audiences while also identifying the limitations of these strategies. Based on this analysis, we propose to conceive of GEAs as processes that are able to empower diverse actors – ranging from diplomats in international negotiations to civil society activists, or indigenous and local knowledge holders – to act towards socio-environmental objectives. Seen in this light, the effectiveness of GEAs can be improved by reflecting on which actors can benefit from assessments and how assessments can contribute to their empowerment. This strategy goes beyond current proposals that aim to strengthen the authority of assessments by boosting the scientific quality and credibility of the reports. Indeed, it complements them with an explicitly political perspective. Using examples of empowerment in different phases of GEA production and use, we argue that this reconceptualisation of effectiveness requires assessments to reflect a diversity of problem and solution frames, thereby creating entry points for the empowerment of a broad range of actors. We conclude by providing three illustrative ideas to improve effectiveness for the design and execution of assessments.},
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Global environmental assessments are widely considered to play a prominent role in environmental governance. However, they are also criticised for a lack of effectiveness in informing policy and decision-making. In response, GEAs have adopted a number of strategies to bolster their effectiveness, including by orienting themselves towards solutions (solution-orientation), increasing the diversity of included experts (participation), and producing more targeted assessments (contextualisation). In this article, we analyse these strategies as attempts to be effective for multiple audiences while also identifying the limitations of these strategies. Based on this analysis, we propose to conceive of GEAs as processes that are able to empower diverse actors – ranging from diplomats in international negotiations to civil society activists, or indigenous and local knowledge holders – to act towards socio-environmental objectives. Seen in this light, the effectiveness of GEAs can be improved by reflecting on which actors can benefit from assessments and how assessments can contribute to their empowerment. This strategy goes beyond current proposals that aim to strengthen the authority of assessments by boosting the scientific quality and credibility of the reports. Indeed, it complements them with an explicitly political perspective. Using examples of empowerment in different phases of GEA production and use, we argue that this reconceptualisation of effectiveness requires assessments to reflect a diversity of problem and solution frames, thereby creating entry points for the empowerment of a broad range of actors. We conclude by providing three illustrative ideas to improve effectiveness for the design and execution of assessments.
1851.
Stiers, Dieter; Larner, Jac; Kenny, John; Breitenstein, Sofia; Vallée-Dubois, Florence; Lewis-Beck, Michael
Candidate authenticity: 'To thine own self be true' Journal Article
In: Political Behavior, 43 (3), pp. 1181–1204, 2021, ISSN: 0190-9320.
@article{5d94c5a1dbc44b979c6a7f49c6641fcb,
title = {Candidate authenticity: 'To thine own self be true'},
author = {Dieter Stiers and Jac Larner and John Kenny and Sofia Breitenstein and Florence Vallée-Dubois and Michael Lewis-Beck},
doi = {10.1007/s11109-019-09589-y},
issn = {0190-9320},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-01},
journal = {Political Behavior},
volume = {43},
number = {3},
pages = {1181–1204},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {In recent electoral contests, political observers and media outlets increasingly report on the level of “authenticity” of political candidates. However, even though this term has become commonplace in political commentary, it has received little attention in empirical electoral research. In this study, we identify the characteristics that we argue make a politician “authentic”. After theoretically discussing the different dimensions of this trait, we propose a survey battery aimed at measuring perceptions of the authenticity of political candidates. Testing our measure using data sets from different countries, we show that the answers to our items load on one latent concept that we call “authenticity”. Furthermore, perceptions of candidate authenticity correlate strongly with evaluations of political parties and leaders, and with vote intention, while they are empirically distinguishable from other traits. We conclude that candidate authenticity is an important trait that should be taken into account by future research.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In recent electoral contests, political observers and media outlets increasingly report on the level of “authenticity” of political candidates. However, even though this term has become commonplace in political commentary, it has received little attention in empirical electoral research. In this study, we identify the characteristics that we argue make a politician “authentic”. After theoretically discussing the different dimensions of this trait, we propose a survey battery aimed at measuring perceptions of the authenticity of political candidates. Testing our measure using data sets from different countries, we show that the answers to our items load on one latent concept that we call “authenticity”. Furthermore, perceptions of candidate authenticity correlate strongly with evaluations of political parties and leaders, and with vote intention, while they are empirically distinguishable from other traits. We conclude that candidate authenticity is an important trait that should be taken into account by future research.
1850.
Umgiesser, Georg; Bajo, Marco; Ferrarin, Christian; Cucco, Andrea; Lionello, Piero; Zanchettin, Davide; Papa, Alvise; Tosoni, Alessandro; Ferla, Maurizio; Coraci, Elisa; Morucci, Sara; Crosato, Franco; Bonometto, Andrea; Valentini, Andrea; Orli'c, Mirko; Haigh, Ivan D.; Nielsen, Jacob Woge; Bertin, Xavier; Fortunato, André Bustorff; na Pérez Gómez, Bego; Fanjul, Enrique Alvarez; Paradis, Denis; Jourdan, Didier; Pasquet, Audrey; Mourre, Baptiste; Tintoré, Joaquín; Nicholls, Robert J.
The prediction of floods in Venice: methods, models and uncertainty (review article) Journal Article
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 21 (8), pp. 2679–2704, 2021, ISSN: 1684-9981.
@article{6dab136dfe74418e8bd2fa273910816d,
title = {The prediction of floods in Venice: methods, models and uncertainty (review article)},
author = {Georg Umgiesser and Marco Bajo and Christian Ferrarin and Andrea Cucco and Piero Lionello and Davide Zanchettin and Alvise Papa and Alessandro Tosoni and Maurizio Ferla and Elisa Coraci and Sara Morucci and Franco Crosato and Andrea Bonometto and Andrea Valentini and Mirko Orli'c and Ivan D. Haigh and Jacob Woge Nielsen and Xavier Bertin and André Bustorff Fortunato and Bego na Pérez Gómez and Enrique Alvarez Fanjul and Denis Paradis and Didier Jourdan and Audrey Pasquet and Baptiste Mourre and Joaquín Tintoré and Robert J. Nicholls},
doi = {10.5194/nhess-21-2679-2021},
issn = {1684-9981},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-01},
journal = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Science},
volume = {21},
number = {8},
pages = {2679--2704},
abstract = {This paper reviews the state of the art in storm surge forecasting and its particular application in the northern Adriatic Sea. The city of Venice already depends on operational storm surge forecasting systems to warn the population and economy of imminent flood threats, as well as help to protect the extensive cultural heritage. This will be more important in the future, with the new mobile barriers called MOSE (MOdulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico, Experimental Electromechanical Module) that will be completed by 2021. The barriers will depend on accurate storm surge forecasting to control their operation. In this paper, the physics behind the flooding of Venice is discussed, and the state of the art of storm surge forecasting in Europe is reviewed. The challenges for the surge forecasting systems are analyzed, especially in view of uncertainty. This includes consideration of selected historic extreme events that were particularly difficult to forecast. Four potential improvements are identified: (1) improve meteorological forecasts, (2) develop ensemble forecasting, (3) assimilation of water level measurements and (4) develop a multimodel approach.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper reviews the state of the art in storm surge forecasting and its particular application in the northern Adriatic Sea. The city of Venice already depends on operational storm surge forecasting systems to warn the population and economy of imminent flood threats, as well as help to protect the extensive cultural heritage. This will be more important in the future, with the new mobile barriers called MOSE (MOdulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico, Experimental Electromechanical Module) that will be completed by 2021. The barriers will depend on accurate storm surge forecasting to control their operation. In this paper, the physics behind the flooding of Venice is discussed, and the state of the art of storm surge forecasting in Europe is reviewed. The challenges for the surge forecasting systems are analyzed, especially in view of uncertainty. This includes consideration of selected historic extreme events that were particularly difficult to forecast. Four potential improvements are identified: (1) improve meteorological forecasts, (2) develop ensemble forecasting, (3) assimilation of water level measurements and (4) develop a multimodel approach.
1849.
Lionello, Piero; Barriopedro, David; Ferrarin, Christian; Nicholls, Robert J.; Orli'c, Mirko; Raicich, Fabio; Reale, Marco; Umgiesser, Georg; Vousdoukas, Michalis; Zanchettin, Davide
Extreme floods of Venice: characteristics, dynamics, past and future evolution (review article) Journal Article
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 21 (8), pp. 2705–2731, 2021, ISSN: 1684-9981.
@article{dc75b84a0ea2414f8041be65edda814f,
title = {Extreme floods of Venice: characteristics, dynamics, past and future evolution (review article)},
author = {Piero Lionello and David Barriopedro and Christian Ferrarin and Robert J. Nicholls and Mirko Orli'c and Fabio Raicich and Marco Reale and Georg Umgiesser and Michalis Vousdoukas and Davide Zanchettin},
doi = {10.5194/nhess-21-2705-2021},
issn = {1684-9981},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-01},
journal = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Science},
volume = {21},
number = {8},
pages = {2705--2731},
abstract = {Floods in the Venice city centre result from the superposition of several factors: astronomical tides; seiches; and atmospherically forced fluctuations, which include storm surges, meteotsunamis, and surges caused by atmospheric planetary waves. All these factors can contribute to positive water height anomalies individually and can increase the probability of extreme events when they act constructively. The largest extreme water heights are mostly caused by the storm surges produced by the sirocco winds, leading to a characteristic seasonal cycle, with the largest and most frequent events occurring from November to March. Storm surges can be produced by cyclones whose centres are located either north or south of the Alps. Historically, the most intense events have been produced by cyclogenesis in the western Mediterranean, to the west of the main cyclogenetic area of the Mediterranean region in the Gulf of Genoa. Only a small fraction of the inter-annual variability in extreme water heights is described by fluctuations in the dominant patterns of atmospheric circulation variability over the Euro-Atlantic sector. Therefore, decadal fluctuations in water height extremes remain largely unexplained. In particular, the effect of the 11-year solar cycle does not appear to be steadily present if more than 100 years of observations are considered. The historic increase in the frequency of floods since the mid-19th century is explained by relative mean sea level rise. Analogously, future regional relative mean sea level rise will be the most important driver of increasing duration and intensity of Venice floods through this century, overcompensating for the small projected decrease in marine storminess. The future increase in extreme water heights covers a wide range, largely reflecting the highly uncertain mass contributions to future mean sea level rise from the melting of Antarctica and Greenland ice sheets, especially towards the end of the century. For a high-emission scenario (RCP8.5), the magnitude of 1-in-100-year water height values at the northern Adriatic coast is projected to increase by 26–35 cm by 2050 and by 53–171 cm by 2100 with respect to the present value and is subject to continued increase thereafter. For a moderate-emission scenario (RCP4.5), these values are 12–17 cm by 2050 and 24–56 cm by 2100. Local subsidence (which is not included in these estimates) will further contribute to the future increase in extreme water heights. This analysis shows the need for adaptive long-term planning of coastal defences using flexible solutions that are appropriate across the large range of plausible future water height extremes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Floods in the Venice city centre result from the superposition of several factors: astronomical tides; seiches; and atmospherically forced fluctuations, which include storm surges, meteotsunamis, and surges caused by atmospheric planetary waves. All these factors can contribute to positive water height anomalies individually and can increase the probability of extreme events when they act constructively. The largest extreme water heights are mostly caused by the storm surges produced by the sirocco winds, leading to a characteristic seasonal cycle, with the largest and most frequent events occurring from November to March. Storm surges can be produced by cyclones whose centres are located either north or south of the Alps. Historically, the most intense events have been produced by cyclogenesis in the western Mediterranean, to the west of the main cyclogenetic area of the Mediterranean region in the Gulf of Genoa. Only a small fraction of the inter-annual variability in extreme water heights is described by fluctuations in the dominant patterns of atmospheric circulation variability over the Euro-Atlantic sector. Therefore, decadal fluctuations in water height extremes remain largely unexplained. In particular, the effect of the 11-year solar cycle does not appear to be steadily present if more than 100 years of observations are considered. The historic increase in the frequency of floods since the mid-19th century is explained by relative mean sea level rise. Analogously, future regional relative mean sea level rise will be the most important driver of increasing duration and intensity of Venice floods through this century, overcompensating for the small projected decrease in marine storminess. The future increase in extreme water heights covers a wide range, largely reflecting the highly uncertain mass contributions to future mean sea level rise from the melting of Antarctica and Greenland ice sheets, especially towards the end of the century. For a high-emission scenario (RCP8.5), the magnitude of 1-in-100-year water height values at the northern Adriatic coast is projected to increase by 26–35 cm by 2050 and by 53–171 cm by 2100 with respect to the present value and is subject to continued increase thereafter. For a moderate-emission scenario (RCP4.5), these values are 12–17 cm by 2050 and 24–56 cm by 2100. Local subsidence (which is not included in these estimates) will further contribute to the future increase in extreme water heights. This analysis shows the need for adaptive long-term planning of coastal defences using flexible solutions that are appropriate across the large range of plausible future water height extremes.
1848.
Zanchettin, Davide; Bruni, Sara; Raicich, Fabio; Lionello, Piero; Adloff, Fanny; Androsov, Alexey; Antonioli, Fabrizio; Artale, Vincenzo; Carminati, Eugenio; Ferrarin, Christian; Fofonova, Vera; Nicholls, Robert J.; Rubinetti, Sara; Rubino, Angelo; Sannino, Gianmaria; Spada, Giorgio; Thiéblemont, Rémi; Tsimplis, Michael; Umgiesser, Georg; Vignudelli, Stefano; Wöppelmann, Guy; Zerbini, Susanna
Sea-level rise in Venice: historic and future trends (review article) Journal Article
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 21 (8), pp. 2643–2678, 2021, ISSN: 1684-9981.
@article{c3ee875165cb4d2e994dd95644aa5e70,
title = {Sea-level rise in Venice: historic and future trends (review article)},
author = {Davide Zanchettin and Sara Bruni and Fabio Raicich and Piero Lionello and Fanny Adloff and Alexey Androsov and Fabrizio Antonioli and Vincenzo Artale and Eugenio Carminati and Christian Ferrarin and Vera Fofonova and Robert J. Nicholls and Sara Rubinetti and Angelo Rubino and Gianmaria Sannino and Giorgio Spada and Rémi Thiéblemont and Michael Tsimplis and Georg Umgiesser and Stefano Vignudelli and Guy Wöppelmann and Susanna Zerbini},
doi = {10.5194/nhess-21-2643-2021},
issn = {1684-9981},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-01},
journal = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Science},
volume = {21},
number = {8},
pages = {2643--2678},
abstract = {The city of Venice and the surrounding lagoonal ecosystem are highly vulnerable to variations in relative sea level. In the past ∼150 years, this was characterized by an average rate of relative sea-level rise of about 2.5 mm/year resulting from the combined contributions of vertical land movement and sea-level rise. This literature review reassesses and synthesizes the progress achieved in quantification, understanding and prediction of the individual contributions to local relative sea level, with a focus on the most recent studies. Subsidence contributed to about half of the historical relative sea-level rise in Venice. The current best estimate of the average rate of sea-level rise during the observational period from 1872 to 2019 based on tide-gauge data after removal of subsidence effects is 1.23 ± 0.13 mm/year. A higher – but more uncertain – rate of sea-level rise is observed for more recent years. Between 1993 and 2019, an average change of about +2.76 ± 1.75 mm/year is estimated from tide-gauge data after removal of subsidence. Unfortunately, satellite altimetry does not provide reliable sea-level data within the Venice Lagoon. Local sea-level changes in Venice closely depend on sea-level variations in the Adriatic Sea, which in turn are linked to sea-level variations in the Mediterranean Sea. Water mass exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar and its drivers currently constitute a source of substantial uncertainty for estimating future deviations of the Mediterranean mean sea-level trend from the global-mean value. Regional atmospheric and oceanic processes will likely contribute significant interannual and interdecadal future variability in Venetian sea level with a magnitude comparable to that observed in the past. On the basis of regional projections of sea-level rise and an understanding of the local and regional processes affecting relative sea-level trends in Venice, the likely range of atmospherically corrected relative sea-level rise in Venice by 2100 ranges between 32 and 62 cm for the RCP2.6 scenario and between 58 and 110 cm for the RCP8.5 scenario, respectively. A plausible but unlikely high-end scenario linked to strong ice-sheet melting yields about 180 cm of relative sea-level rise in Venice by 2100. Projections of human-induced vertical land motions are currently not available, but historical evidence demonstrates that they have the potential to produce a significant contribution to the relative sea-level rise in Venice, exacerbating the hazard posed by climatically induced sea-level changes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The city of Venice and the surrounding lagoonal ecosystem are highly vulnerable to variations in relative sea level. In the past ∼150 years, this was characterized by an average rate of relative sea-level rise of about 2.5 mm/year resulting from the combined contributions of vertical land movement and sea-level rise. This literature review reassesses and synthesizes the progress achieved in quantification, understanding and prediction of the individual contributions to local relative sea level, with a focus on the most recent studies. Subsidence contributed to about half of the historical relative sea-level rise in Venice. The current best estimate of the average rate of sea-level rise during the observational period from 1872 to 2019 based on tide-gauge data after removal of subsidence effects is 1.23 ± 0.13 mm/year. A higher – but more uncertain – rate of sea-level rise is observed for more recent years. Between 1993 and 2019, an average change of about +2.76 ± 1.75 mm/year is estimated from tide-gauge data after removal of subsidence. Unfortunately, satellite altimetry does not provide reliable sea-level data within the Venice Lagoon. Local sea-level changes in Venice closely depend on sea-level variations in the Adriatic Sea, which in turn are linked to sea-level variations in the Mediterranean Sea. Water mass exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar and its drivers currently constitute a source of substantial uncertainty for estimating future deviations of the Mediterranean mean sea-level trend from the global-mean value. Regional atmospheric and oceanic processes will likely contribute significant interannual and interdecadal future variability in Venetian sea level with a magnitude comparable to that observed in the past. On the basis of regional projections of sea-level rise and an understanding of the local and regional processes affecting relative sea-level trends in Venice, the likely range of atmospherically corrected relative sea-level rise in Venice by 2100 ranges between 32 and 62 cm for the RCP2.6 scenario and between 58 and 110 cm for the RCP8.5 scenario, respectively. A plausible but unlikely high-end scenario linked to strong ice-sheet melting yields about 180 cm of relative sea-level rise in Venice by 2100. Projections of human-induced vertical land motions are currently not available, but historical evidence demonstrates that they have the potential to produce a significant contribution to the relative sea-level rise in Venice, exacerbating the hazard posed by climatically induced sea-level changes.
1847.
Lionello, Piero; Nicholls, Robert J.; Umgiesser, Georg; Zanchettin, Davide
Venice flooding and sea level: past evolution, present issues, and future projections (introduction to the special issue) Journal Article
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 21 (8), pp. 2633–2641, 2021, ISSN: 1684-9981.
@article{bc4e076c13d3412f98782a550c02adb7,
title = {Venice flooding and sea level: past evolution, present issues, and future projections (introduction to the special issue)},
author = {Piero Lionello and Robert J. Nicholls and Georg Umgiesser and Davide Zanchettin},
doi = {10.5194/nhess-21-2633-2021},
issn = {1684-9981},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-01},
journal = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Science},
volume = {21},
number = {8},
pages = {2633--2641},
abstract = {Venice is an iconic place and a paradigm of huge historical and cultural values at risk. The frequency of the flooding of the city centre has dramatically increased in recent decades, and this threat is expected to continue to grow – and even accelerate – through this century. This special issue is a collection of three review articles addressing different and complementary aspects of the hazards causing the floods of Venice, namely (1) the relative sea level rise, (2) the occurrence of extreme water heights, and (3) the prediction of extreme water heights and floods. It emerges that the effect of compound events poses critical challenges to the forecast of floods, particularly from the perspective of effectively operating the new mobile barriers (Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico – MoSE) in Venice and that the relative sea level rise is the key factor determining the future growth of the flood hazard, so that the present defence strategy is likely to become inadequate within this century under a high-emission scenario. Two strands of research are needed in the future. First, there is a need to better understand and reduce the uncertainty of the future evolution of the relative sea level and its extremes at Venice. However, this uncertainty might not be substantially reduced in the near future, reflecting the uncertain anthropogenic emissions and structural model features. Hence, complementary adaptive planning strategies appropriate for conditions of uncertainty should be explored and developed in the future.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Venice is an iconic place and a paradigm of huge historical and cultural values at risk. The frequency of the flooding of the city centre has dramatically increased in recent decades, and this threat is expected to continue to grow – and even accelerate – through this century. This special issue is a collection of three review articles addressing different and complementary aspects of the hazards causing the floods of Venice, namely (1) the relative sea level rise, (2) the occurrence of extreme water heights, and (3) the prediction of extreme water heights and floods. It emerges that the effect of compound events poses critical challenges to the forecast of floods, particularly from the perspective of effectively operating the new mobile barriers (Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico – MoSE) in Venice and that the relative sea level rise is the key factor determining the future growth of the flood hazard, so that the present defence strategy is likely to become inadequate within this century under a high-emission scenario. Two strands of research are needed in the future. First, there is a need to better understand and reduce the uncertainty of the future evolution of the relative sea level and its extremes at Venice. However, this uncertainty might not be substantially reduced in the near future, reflecting the uncertain anthropogenic emissions and structural model features. Hence, complementary adaptive planning strategies appropriate for conditions of uncertainty should be explored and developed in the future.
1846.
Baird, Sarah; Camfield, Laura; Ghimire, Anita; Hamad, Bassam Abu; Jones, Nicola; Pincock, Kate; Woldehanna, Tassew
In: European Journal of Development Research, 2021, ISSN: 0957-8811.
@article{f99a31c6d1334828a8b3bec8cdb59de2,
title = {Intersectionality as a framework for understanding adolescent vulnerabilities in low and middle income countries: Expanding our commitment to leave no one behind},
author = {Sarah Baird and Laura Camfield and Anita Ghimire and Bassam Abu Hamad and Nicola Jones and Kate Pincock and Tassew Woldehanna},
doi = {10.1057/s41287-021-00440-x},
issn = {0957-8811},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-01},
journal = {European Journal of Development Research},
publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.},
abstract = {Given increasing policy attention to the consequences of youth marginalisation for development processes, engaging with the experiences of socially marginalised adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (including those who are out of school, refugees, married, with disabilities or adolescent parents) is a pressing priority. To understand how these disadvantages—and adolescentstextquoteright abilities to respond to them—intersect to shape opportunities and outcomes, this Special Issue draws on the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence conceptual framework which accounts for gender roles and norms, family, community and political economy contexts in shaping adolescentstextquoteright capabilities. Implicitly critiquing a focus within youth studies on individual agency, the articles advance our understanding of how adolescentstextquoteright marginalisation is shaped by their experiences, social identities and the contexts in which they are growing up. An analytical framework foregrounding intersectionality and collective capabilities offers a means to politicise these findings and challenge uncritical academic celebration of individual agency as the means to address structural problems.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Given increasing policy attention to the consequences of youth marginalisation for development processes, engaging with the experiences of socially marginalised adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (including those who are out of school, refugees, married, with disabilities or adolescent parents) is a pressing priority. To understand how these disadvantages—and adolescentstextquoteright abilities to respond to them—intersect to shape opportunities and outcomes, this Special Issue draws on the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence conceptual framework which accounts for gender roles and norms, family, community and political economy contexts in shaping adolescentstextquoteright capabilities. Implicitly critiquing a focus within youth studies on individual agency, the articles advance our understanding of how adolescentstextquoteright marginalisation is shaped by their experiences, social identities and the contexts in which they are growing up. An analytical framework foregrounding intersectionality and collective capabilities offers a means to politicise these findings and challenge uncritical academic celebration of individual agency as the means to address structural problems.
1845.
Nicholls, Robert; Beaven, Richard; Stringfellow, Anne; Monfort, Daniel; Wahl, Thomas; Gebert, Julia; Wadey, Matthew; Arns, Arne; Spencer, Kate L.; Reinhart, Debra; Heimovaara, Timo; Santos, Victor M.; Enríquez, Alejandra R.; Cope, Samantha
Coastal landfills and rising sea levels: A challenge for the 21st century Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021, ISSN: 2296-7745.
@article{f87c35e42ec74c688c257cf19fc76bdb,
title = {Coastal landfills and rising sea levels: A challenge for the 21st century},
author = {Robert Nicholls and Richard Beaven and Anne Stringfellow and Daniel Monfort and Thomas Wahl and Julia Gebert and Matthew Wadey and Arne Arns and Kate L. Spencer and Debra Reinhart and Timo Heimovaara and Victor M. Santos and Alejandra R. Enríquez and Samantha Cope},
doi = {10.3389/fmars.2021.710342},
issn = {2296-7745},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-08-30},
journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
1844.
Baird, Sarah; Camfield, Laura; Haque, Ashraful; Jones, Nicola; Masri, Anas Al; Pincock, Kate; Puri, Mahesh C.
In: European Journal of Development Research, 2021, ISSN: 0957-8811.
@article{a979fe1b3dcb4069af31111b7d2d58e7,
title = {No one left behind: Using mixed-methods research to identify and learn from socially marginalised adolescents in low- and middle-income countries},
author = {Sarah Baird and Laura Camfield and Ashraful Haque and Nicola Jones and Anas Al Masri and Kate Pincock and Mahesh C. Puri},
doi = {10.1057/s41287-021-00436-7},
issn = {0957-8811},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-08-18},
journal = {European Journal of Development Research},
publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.},
abstract = {This article describes the mixed-methods approach used by the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) research programme. It discusses how qualitative and quantitative methods can be used both in isolation and combined to learn about the lives of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), focusing on the methodological and ethical approaches used to reach socially marginalised adolescents (including adolescents with disabilities, adolescents not in school, adolescent refugees, adolescents living in urban slums, adolescents who married as children, and adolescent mothers). We reflect on the implementation of the GAGE conceptual framework, discussing its strengths and weaknesses, and the challenges to promoting inclusive and genuinely mixed-methods research practices. While these methods have been adapted in the countries where research was undertaken, the conceptual framework provides a common methodological approach, utilising an intersectional lens. We show how mixed-methods approaches can contribute to the knowledge base on research with socially marginalised adolescent girls and boys globally, serving as an important resource for future research with young people in LMICs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article describes the mixed-methods approach used by the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) research programme. It discusses how qualitative and quantitative methods can be used both in isolation and combined to learn about the lives of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), focusing on the methodological and ethical approaches used to reach socially marginalised adolescents (including adolescents with disabilities, adolescents not in school, adolescent refugees, adolescents living in urban slums, adolescents who married as children, and adolescent mothers). We reflect on the implementation of the GAGE conceptual framework, discussing its strengths and weaknesses, and the challenges to promoting inclusive and genuinely mixed-methods research practices. While these methods have been adapted in the countries where research was undertaken, the conceptual framework provides a common methodological approach, utilising an intersectional lens. We show how mixed-methods approaches can contribute to the knowledge base on research with socially marginalised adolescent girls and boys globally, serving as an important resource for future research with young people in LMICs.
1843.
Fernandez, Iokine Rodriguez; Aguilar, Vladimir
Juegos de Poder en la Conquista del Sur.: Dominacion, resistencia y transformacion en las luchas contra el extractivismo. Parque Nacional Canaima, Venezuela Technical Report
Ediciones Buria 2021.
@techreport{c7215c03cba34075b5d894f5f7556c01,
title = {Juegos de Poder en la Conquista del Sur.: Dominacion, resistencia y transformacion en las luchas contra el extractivismo. Parque Nacional Canaima, Venezuela},
author = {Iokine Rodriguez Fernandez and Vladimir Aguilar},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-08-09},
publisher = {Ediciones Buria},
institution = {Ediciones Buria},
abstract = {The purpose of this manuscript is to closely examine the power dynamics in resistance struggles to extractivism in Latin America, through a case study in Canaima National Park, Venezuela.Through a retrospective analysis of a socio-environmental conflict over the construction of a high voltage power line to explore electricity from Venezuela to Brazil, which took place between 1997 and 2000, the authors describe and analyze the power dynamics among the indigenous people Pemon and the State for the duration of the conflict, and the subsequent fifteen years. The purpose is to shed light on power games in the dynamics of transformation of socio-environmental conflicts.This implies analyzing the interrelation between the strategies used by the Pemons to impact the hegemonic power, but also those used by the State to reinforce its power and advance an extractivist agenda in the south of the country.This case study will demonstrate that what is transformed and what is not during socio-environmental conflicts depends on the way in which these power relations are exercised and how they develop over time, together with the definition of roles and strategic objectives in a relationship that is generally asymmetric between indigenous peoples (in this case Pemon) and the State.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The purpose of this manuscript is to closely examine the power dynamics in resistance struggles to extractivism in Latin America, through a case study in Canaima National Park, Venezuela.Through a retrospective analysis of a socio-environmental conflict over the construction of a high voltage power line to explore electricity from Venezuela to Brazil, which took place between 1997 and 2000, the authors describe and analyze the power dynamics among the indigenous people Pemon and the State for the duration of the conflict, and the subsequent fifteen years. The purpose is to shed light on power games in the dynamics of transformation of socio-environmental conflicts.This implies analyzing the interrelation between the strategies used by the Pemons to impact the hegemonic power, but also those used by the State to reinforce its power and advance an extractivist agenda in the south of the country.This case study will demonstrate that what is transformed and what is not during socio-environmental conflicts depends on the way in which these power relations are exercised and how they develop over time, together with the definition of roles and strategic objectives in a relationship that is generally asymmetric between indigenous peoples (in this case Pemon) and the State.
1842.
Kent, Avidan; Kunuji, Valentine
The Investment-Sustainability Conundrum Under the USMCA: An Evolution? Journal Article
In: Vermont Law Review, 46 (2), 2021, ISSN: 0145-2908.
@article{4b12c6440bad47a4b6b4bb5e17f7b99f,
title = {The Investment-Sustainability Conundrum Under the USMCA: An Evolution?},
author = {Avidan Kent and Valentine Kunuji},
issn = {0145-2908},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-08-02},
journal = {Vermont Law Review},
volume = {46},
number = {2},
publisher = {Vermont Law School},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
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