Roger Few

@article{65b58234b31b49c3aefb00cef1c73bf6,

title = {‘We are not in the same boat’: Representations of disaster and recovery in India},

author = {Roger Few and Nihal Ranjit and Vineetha Nalla and Garima Jain and Mark G. L. Tebboth and Chandni Singh and Vasudha Chhotray and Hazel Marsh},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103709},

issn = {2212-4209},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-15},

journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},

volume = {92},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {‘Representations’ of recovery refer to the creation, circulation, reinforcement and subversion of ideas about what should be done in the months and years after a hazard has struck. The research reported in this paper outlines how contrasting and, in some cases, openly contested narratives can emerge in society around the nature and causes of the event, the impacts and needs of the affected population, and the priorities and effectiveness of recovery processes. We worked in three states in India – Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Kerala – collecting and collating a range of information on ideas, experiences and debates about disaster recovery from people in disaster-affected communities, from governmental and non-governmental organisations, from reports in the media, from academic studies and from official documentation. These related to major hazard events over the last two decades as well as recent events that hit the states prior to or during the course of the research. Though there is much variation between disaster cases in the pattern of representations by different actors, there are some discernible elements that do tend to work together to generate an effect on outcomes, often in ways that not only side-line livelihood and wellbeing priorities of disaster-affected people but also sometimes downplay or even negate the needs and rights of specific social groups. Managing disaster recovery is a hugely challenging task. However, it is not well served if the ways in which impacts and recovery needs are articulated lead to the effective exclusion of certain sectors, social groups, needs and concerns from full consideration, or to the blocking of alternative perspectives such as proactive approaches to future risk reduction. Key in this, we maintain, is the need to shift representations of recovery to better match the needs and voices of those most affected.},

note = {Author acknowledgements: We owe special thanks to the disaster-affected people and other stakeholders in Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India who shared with us their testimonies and perspectives. We also gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Mythili Madhavan, Jasmitha Arvind, NC Narayanan and Kaniska Singh to the case study research work. Funding information: This paper was produced under the project ‘Recovery with Dignity’, funded by the British Academy's GCRF Sustainable Development Programme [award number SDP2100257]. It also draws directly on the UEA GCRF QR project ‘Voices after Disaster: narratives and representation following the Kerala floods of August 2018’ [RR0219-6], and indirectly on multiple research projects on disaster risk and recovery undertaken in different countries by the writing team. Data availability: Data will be made available on request.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{9516829378b140c5a1d9a4b1fca6de8b,

title = {Sustaining disaster aid in the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic},

author = {Natalia Jones and Roger Few and Iain Lake and Kelly Wooster},

doi = {10.5055/jem.0701},

issn = {1543-5865},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Emergency Management},

volume = {21},

number = {7},

pages = {85–96},

publisher = {Weston Medical Publishing},

abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic had a global reach and impact, introducing stay at home orders, social distancing, facemask wearing, and closing national and international borders. Yet, the need for international disaster aid as a result of previous disasters and ongoing crises remained present. Interviews with staff from United Kingdom aid agencies and their partner organizations examined how development and humanitarian activities changed during the first six months of the pandemic. Seven key themes were highlighted. The need to recognize individual country contexts and experiences when dealing with a pandemic was emphasized, together with appropriate strategic decisions around guidance and supporting staff and the value of learning from previous experiences. Restrictions limited agencies' ability to monitor programs and ensure accountability effectively, but relationships between partners adjusted, with a move to a greater reliance on local partners and increased empowerment in these groups. Trust was vital to allow for the continuation of programs and services during the first months of the pandemic. Most programs continued but with significant adaptations. An enhanced use of communication technology was a key adaptation, though caveats remained around access. Concern around safeguarding and stigmatization of vulnerable groups was reported as an increasing issue in some contexts. The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on ongoing disaster aid was rapid and extensive, forcing aid agencies at different scales to work swiftly to try to ensure as little disruption as possible, and generating important lessons for both the ongoing and future crises.},

note = {ACKNOWLEGMENTS: This study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response, a partnership among Public Health England, King’s College London, and the University of East Anglia. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the NIHR, Public Health England, or the Department of Health and Social Care},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cf3746a7e3614ebd94da653215dfef6c,

title = {Interrogating 'effectiveness' in climate change adaptation: 11 guiding principles for adaptation research and practice},

author = {Chandni Singh and Soundarya Iyer and Mark G. New and Roger Few and Bhavana Kuchimanchi and Alcade C. Segnon and Daniel Morchain},

doi = {10.1080/17565529.2021.1964937},

issn = {1756-5529},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-01},

journal = {Climate and Development},

volume = {14},

number = {7},

pages = {650–664},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis},

abstract = {The Paris Agreement articulates a global goal on adaptation, which aims to ensure an ‘adequate adaptation response’ to the ‘global temperature goal’, and requires countries to report progress through periodic global stocktakes. However, there remain conceptual and methodological challenges in defining an adaptation goal and mixed evidence on what effective adaptation looks like and how it can be enabled. In this review, we demonstrate how different normative views on adaptation outcomes, arising from different epistemological and disciplinary entry points, can lead to very different interpretations of adaptation effectiveness. We argue that how effectiveness is framed will significantly impact adaptation implementation and outcomes. This, furthermore, represents a way of exercising influence in adaptation decision-making. Eleven principles of effective adaptation are distilled as a way to pluralize guidance in international processes such as the Global Stocktake as well as national and sub-national exercises on tracking and monitoring adaptation.},

note = {Funding: This work was carried out with financial support from the UK Government's Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office and the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{dedec6bd1a76498bbc3ba61cc44a7036,

title = {Working with communities on disaster risk research: Reflections from cross-disciplinary practice},

author = {Roger Few and Jenni Barclay and Teresa Armijos Burneo},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102815},

issn = {2212-4209},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-15},

journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},

volume = {70},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{823f7de2220641f5b8c4d8eea01c8c87,

title = {Moving with risk: Forced displacement and vulnerability to hazards in Colombia},

author = {Roger Few and Viviana Ramírez and Maria Teresa Armijos and Lina Andrea Zambrano Hernández and Hazel Marsh},

doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105482},

issn = {0305-750X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-01},

journal = {World Development},

volume = {144},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {The paper examines the processes through which people forced from their homes by conflict can become exposed to heightened risk from environmental hazards in the places where they resettle. It reports on research undertaken with internally displaced people who moved to informal settlements in four locations in Colombia. With one of the world’s largest displaced populations and a high annual incidence of hazard events such as landslides and floods, enabling people to create a durable sense of security in their places of resettlement is a major development challenge for the country. However, as the testimonies from individual experiences and perspectives makes clear, this problem is not one that can or should be addressed simply by enforcing existing land use and tenure regulations. The study combined qualitative interview methods with arts-based elements designed to facilitate and open up dialogue with research participants. We found that creating a permanent home, however modest, has symbolic meaning that reflects both personal struggle and collective effort: it represents security and stability, even in sites people know are associated with hazards. In tracing how they have interacted with multiple forms of risk, our work shows how displaced people have had to weigh up the threats they face against limited resettlement options, in an ongoing context of marginalisation. For complex reasons, this is a population that tends to be excluded from formal disaster preparedness and mitigation. However, there are indications that this prevailing situation could be challenged, promoting greater flexibility on the part of governmental organisations and enabling communities to become more engaged in disaster risk reduction. In bringing empirical depth to a topic of global significance at the intersection of displacement, disaster and development, we support the call for adaptable approaches to disaster risk management that can support displaced people more effectively and equitably.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{081618ab58084b60a52457c88c966c7b,

title = {Culture as a mediator of climate change adaptation: Neither static nor unidirectional},

author = {Roger Few and Dian Spear and Chandni Singh and Mark G. L. Tebboth and Julia E. Davies and Mary C. Thompson-Hall},

doi = {10.1002/wcc.687},

issn = {1757-7780},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {Though there is increasing recognition of the cultural dimensions that shape climate change adaptation, our experience from working with actors engaged in adaptation policy and practice suggests that the role of culture still tends to be conceived in overly narrow and fixed terms. This is exemplified in portrayals of conservative cultural norms as stifling positive change. A growing body of research across the world indicates that the reality is seldom as simple as this – culture works in complex and variable ways, and, most importantly, is inherently dynamic. Drawing especially from research work on vulnerability and adaptation conducted in semi-arid regions, we illustrate this argument by briefly exploring three themes - multiple knowledge systems for farming in Botswana, the dynamics of pastoralist values and livelihoods in Kenya, and the interplay of caste and livelihood choices in India. Understanding how different facets of culture such as these operate in context helps move away from viewing culture statically as a barrier or enabler, and toward a more plural and dynamic appreciation of the role of culture in adaptation. This includes recognising the potential for factors that may be construed as barriers to become enablers. Critical, balanced engagement with cultural dimensions in both research and practice, understanding and working with these dynamic social structures, is essential if adaptation is to create meaningful and lasting change for those who need it most.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{4f371899d16548b19a88e6ce44d673a3,

title = {Representing recovery: How the construction and contestation of needs and priorities can shape long-term outcomes for disaster-affected people},

author = {Roger Few and Hazel Marsh and Garima Jain and Chandni Singh and Mark Tebboth},

doi = {10.1177/1464993420980939},

issn = {1464-9934},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Progress in Development Studies},

volume = {21},

number = {1},

pages = {7–25},

publisher = {Sage Publications},

abstract = {We contend that the representational aspects of recovery play an important but under-researched role in shaping long-term outcomes for disaster-affected populations. Ideas constructed around events, people and processes, and conveyed through discussion, texts and images, are seldom neutral and can be exclusionary in their effect. This review draws insights from literature across multiple disciplines to examine how the representation of needs, roles and approaches to recovery influences the support different social groups receive, their capacities to recover, and their rights and agency. It shows how these representations can be contested and challenged, often by disaster-affected people themselves, and calls for increased attention on how to move creatively towards more informed, inclusive and supportive recovery visions and processes.},

note = {Issue published: January 1, 2021},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{427f844589da427f9b1d67884ec89320,

title = {“Telling it in our own way”: Doing music-enhanced interviews with people displaced by violence in Colombia},

author = {Hazel Marsh and Teresa Armijos Burneo and Roger Few},

issn = {2633-3716},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-30},

journal = {New Area Studies},

volume = {1},

number = {1},

pages = {132–164},

publisher = {University of East Anglia},

abstract = {In Colombia, five decades of violent conflict have displaced millions of people, many of whom now face severe risks from flooding, landslides and other environmental hazards in the places they have found to resettle. In our research, one of our main objectives was to better understand the experiences, vulnerabilities and survival strategies of conflict-displaced people living in hazard-prone locations in Soacha, an urban working-class district of Cundinamarca in the centre of Colombia, and in urban and peri-urban areas in or near Pereira and Manizales, both of which are cities in Colombia’s main coffee-growing region. We wanted to create spaces within which such people could tell their life stories with dignity and agency. For socially and politically marginalised people who have suffered enormous loss and trauma, and the disempowering effects of violence, conventional social science interviews may reopen wounds and cause extreme distress. Furthermore, interviewees may feel that there are ‘good’, ‘bad’ or otherwise ‘preferred’ answers to the questions they are asked. In our research, we instead invited participants to share a piece of music or a song they valued with us, via mp3 players, before opening a conversation about their life stories. In this way, we intended for participants to ‘territorialise’ the research encounter by creating comfortable spaces wheretheir taste and habits were central (Dos Santos and Wagner, 2018), and where they exercised greater control and agency to decide the topics discussed (Levell, 2019). We wanted the songs people shared with us to act as their chosen entry points into their life stories. This article offers some reflections on how talking about music, a cultural form linked closely with emotions, memory and identity, can provide a resource for better understanding the lives and experiences of others.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{43be366a691c403890ca2ac2eda40ceb,

title = {Environmental justice and transformations to sustainability},

author = {Adrian Martin and Teresa Armijos Burneo and Brendan Coolsaet and Neil Dawson and Gareth A S Edwards and Roger Few and Nicole Gross-Camp and Iokine Rodriguez Fernandez and Heike Schroeder and Mark Tebboth and Carole White},

doi = {10.1080/00139157.2020.1820294},

issn = {0013-9157},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-16},

journal = {Environment},

volume = {62},

number = {6},

pages = {19–30},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis},

abstract = {Global carbon emissions continue to rise,1 rates of global biodiversity loss continue to increase,2 and social and economic inequalities continue to widen.3 Significant global social movements such as Fridays for Future are declaring thissituation an “emergency,” regarding it as a crime against humanity in which political and business leaders stand accused of ignoring the plight of current and future vulnerable people. This association between environmental crises and social injustice is now widely accepted. Many feel that time is running out for incremental approaches to prove effective and that there is an inescapable need for a radical, transformative change that combines sustainability and justice.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{e6ffcd4477d94802a199cb591d3bd8ef,

title = {Water, sanitation and hygiene risk factors for the transmission of cholera in a changing climate: using a systematic review to develop a causal process diagram},

author = {Natalia Jones and Maha Bouzid and Roger Few and Paul Hunter and Iain Lake},

doi = {10.2166/wh.2020.088},

issn = {1477-8920},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-01},

journal = {Journal of Water and Health},

volume = {18},

number = {2},

pages = {145–158},

publisher = {IWA Publishing},

abstract = {Cholera is a severe diarrhoeal disease affecting vulnerable communities. A long-term solution to cholera transmission is improved access to and uptake of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Climate change threatens WASH. A systematic review and meta-analysis determined five overarching WASH factors incorporating 17 specific WASH factors associated with cholera transmission, focussing upon community cases. Eight WASH factors showed lower odds and six showed higher odds for cholera transmission. These results were combined with findings in the climate change and WASH literature, to propose a health impact pathway illustrating potential routes through which climate change dynamics (e.g. drought, flooding) impact on WASH and cholera transmission. A causal process diagram visualising links between climate change dynamics, WASH factors, and cholera transmission was developed. Climate change dynamics can potentially affect multiple WASH factors (e.g. drought-induced reductions in handwashing and rainwater use). Multiple climate change dynamics can influence WASH factors (e.g. flooding and sea-level rise affect piped water usage). The influence of climate change dynamics on WASH factors can be negative or positive for cholera transmission (e.g. drought could increase pathogen desiccation but reduce rainwater harvesting). Identifying risk pathways helps policymakers focus on cholera risk mitigation, now and in the future.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{b3e2cd9e27be44d798a9607ed817b569,

title = {“We can’t do it on our own!”—Integrating stakeholder and scientific knowledge of future flood risk to inform climate change adaptation planning in a coastal region},

author = {Ulysse Pasquier and Roger Few and Marisa C. Goulden and Simon Hooton and Yi He and Kevin M. Hiscock},

doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2019.10.016},

issn = {1462-9011},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Science & Policy},

volume = {103},

pages = {50–57},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Decision-makers face a particular challenge in planning for climate adaptation. The complexity of climate change's likely impacts, such as increased flooding, has widened the scope of information necessary to take action. This is particularly the case in valuable low-lying coastal regions, which host many competing interests, and where there is a growing need to draw from varied fields in the risk-based management of flooding. The rising scrutiny over science's ability to match expectations of policy actors has called for the integration of stakeholder and scientific knowledge domains. Focusing on the Broads — the United Kingdom's largest protected wetland — this study looked to assess future flood risk and consider potential adaptation responses in a collaborative approach. Interviews and surveys with local stakeholders accompanied the development of a hydraulic model in an iterative participatory design, centred on a scientist-stakeholder workshop. Knowledge and perspectives were shared on processes driving risk in the Broads, as well as on the implications of adaptation measures, allowing for their prioritisation. The research outcomes highlight not only the challenges that scientist-stakeholder integrated assessments of future flood risk face, but also their potential to lead to the production of useful information for decision-making.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ff7fad0dd19a424091f92427b53c2ae5,

title = {Livelihoods, wellbeing and the risk to life during volcanic eruptions},

author = {Jenni Barclay and Roger Few and M. Teresa Armijos and Jeremy C. Phillips and David M. Pyle and Anna Hicks and Sarah K. Brown and Richard E. A. Robertson},

doi = {10.3389/feart.2019.00205},

issn = {2296-6463},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-08-14},

journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},

volume = {7},

publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},

abstract = {A forensic analysis of fatalities and displacements from recent volcanic eruptions (1986–2015) provides insights into factors that influence actions to protect life in high-risk environments. Unlike many other geophysical hazard events, volcanic eruptions may be prolonged, and of variable intensity. This is reflected in patterns of volcanic fatalities. A global survey reveals that 63% of primary volcanic deaths occur after the first week of activity, with >44% of these deaths associated with citizens returning to an established high-hazard zone. Evacuations during volcanic eruptions are protracted and this allows time for competing pressures to arise. Examination of detailed data from three volcanic crises (La Soufriere, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Soufrière Hills, Montserrat and Tungurahua, Ecuador) suggests that the need to preserve livelihoods plays a strong role in protecting life. A dynamic, associated with pull (e.g., protecting assets, place attachment) and push factors (e.g., poor shelter conditions), can draw evacuees to return during high-risk periods. Similar considerations can restrain people with previous experience of volcanic hazards and displacement, from evacuating. Our global analysis shows that these pressures, when coupled with forecasting uncertainties and the rapid landscape change associated with volcanic eruptions, mean that the physical and social vulnerability of populations change significantly during the course of an eruption. Ongoing risk to life is shaped by hazard experience and action; timescales of hazard escalation and their relationship to warning and action; and the timescales over which evacuation conditions are tolerable to livelihood and asset preservation, and mental and physical wellbeing in shelters.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{94cc4486250143519f2bfdf1b340ae36,

title = {Historical trajectories of disaster risk in Dominica},

author = {Jennifer Barclay and Emily Wilkinson and Carole White and Clare Shelton and Johanna Forster and Roger Few and Irene Lorenzoni and George Woolhouse and Claire Jowitt and Harriette Stone and Lennox Honychurch},

doi = {10.1007/s13753-019-0215-z},

issn = {2095-0055},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-06-01},

journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Science},

volume = {10},

number = {2},

pages = {149–165},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {The calamitous consequences of 2017 Hurricane Maria for the Caribbean island of Dominica highlighted the acute and increasing susceptibility of the region to disasters. Despite increasing international attention to disaster risk reduction, recovery from hazard events can be especially lengthy and difficult for small island developing states. In this article, we build on existing understandings of disaster risk as a physical and social condition, showing that historical processes are fundamental to understanding how conditions of risk emerge and persist over time. We take an integrated approach to analyzing the drivers of risk accumulation, using the example of Dominica, where processes set in motion during the colonial period have shaped the location of people and assets, the degree to which they might be harmed, the societal repercussions of that harm and the prospects for recovery. We focus on the underlying economic vulnerabilities and physical exposure to hazards created by agricultural, economic, and social practices, and successive disaster responses that have constrained recovery. Uncovering these historical drivers and persistent issues, elucidates lessons for pursuing a more resilient development trajectory, including through the promotion of economic restructuring and diversification, and land reform.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{91b7d3484fce416c83c374494f785331,

title = {Recognising the dynamics that surround drought impacts: Think Note},

author = {Roger Few and Mark Tebboth},

doi = {10.1016/j.jaridenv.2018.06.001},

issn = {0140-1963},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-10-01},

journal = {Journal of Arid Environments},

volume = {157},

pages = {113–115},

publisher = {Academic Press Inc.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{e0f1ed9943774885979801de5ad35867,

title = {Transformation, adaptation and development: relating concepts to practice},

author = {Roger Few and Daniel Morchain and Dian Spear and Adelina Mensah and Ramkumar Bendapudi},

doi = {10.1057/palcomms.2017.92},

issn = {2055-1045},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-09-01},

journal = {Palgrave Communications},

volume = {3},

publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.},

abstract = {In recent years there has been a growing number of academic reviews discussing the theme of transformation and its association with adaptation to climate change. On the one hand this has stimulated exchange of ideas and perspectives on the parameters of transformation, but it has also given rise to confusion in terms of identifying what constitutes a non-incremental form of adaptation on the ground. What this article aims to do instead is help researchers and practitioners relate different interpretations of transformation to practice by proposing a typological framework for categorising forms of change that focuses on mechanisms and objectives. It then discusses how these categorisations link to the broader conceptions and critiques noted above, with the idea that this will enable those who seek to analyse or plan adaptation to better analyse what types of action are potentially constitutive of transformation. In doing so, it should equally assist in the identification and specification of critical questions that need to be asked of such activity in relation to issues of sustainability and equity. As the term transformation gains ground in discussions of climate change adaptation, it is necessary to take a step back, review quite what commentators mean when they use the word, and consider the implications on people, especially the most vulnerable and marginalised, of “doing” or promoting transformation in its different forms.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{40cb422ab7a645eb88d90736526ec168,

title = {Living with Volcan Tungurahua: the dynamics of vulnerability during prolonged volcanic activity},

author = {Roger Few and Maria Teresa Armijos and Jenni Barclay},

doi = {10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.01.006},

issn = {0016-7185},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-03-01},

journal = {Geoforum},

volume = {80},

pages = {72–81},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {For the people that live around many of the world’s volcanos, the effects of eruptive activity on livelihoods and wellbeing are seldom experienced as a one-off event. Not only do volcanos commonly enter long-lived phases of activity, during which the physical hazards they create alter in characteristics, but the way exposure to such hazards generates impacts on society and shapes responses by people and institutions also modifies and evolves. Within this dynamic process, the behaviour of the volcano provides a framing, but social, economic and political changes interact to shape unfolding patterns of vulnerability. The research presented in this paper explored this complexity of impact and social change for the case of Volcan Tungurahua in Ecuador, which has been in eruptive phase since 1999. Focussing on the people who live in different areas around the volcano, the study used interview and survey evidence to examine changing knowledge about eruptions and how people have experienced the effects of the volcano over time on their economic livelihoods, mobility, residence patterns, and access to services and infrastructure. Crucially, this meant recognising that the existence of a threat from hazards had societal implications, regardless of whether or not the volcano is actually in a state of high activity. These implications played out differently for different sections of the neighbouring population, with the strongest contrast emerging between the rural and urban populations, though the complexity of the case defies a simple binary comparison. The research underlines the importance of building a longitudinal element into analysis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{11ac6e7fa4474f7bb0bde5fcc9f0580a,

title = {Trade-offs in linking adaptation and mitigation in the forests of the Congo Basin},

author = {Roger Few and Adrian Martin and Nicole Gross-Camp},

doi = {10.1007/s10113-016-1080-6},

issn = {1436-3798},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-03-01},

journal = {Regional Environmental Change},

volume = {17},

number = {3},

pages = {851–863},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {Recent discussions on forests and climate change have highlighted the potential for conservation of tropical forests to contribute synergistically to both mitigation (reducing emissions of greenhouse gases) and adaptation (increasing capacity to cope with changing climate conditions). Key mechanisms through which adaptive advantages might be gained include the potential for forest resources to support livelihoods in the context of climatic strains on agriculture and the protection that intact forest ecosystems might provide against landslides, flash floods and other hazards related to extreme weather. This paper presents findings from field research with forest communities in three areas of the Congo Basin in Central Africa, in which the adaptive role and potential of forests in these respects is critically analysed. The investigation was carried out through a combination of structured and semi-structured qualitative techniques within six villages in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Rwanda. The findings of the research highlight the need to understand both the limits of synergy, and the constraints and trade-offs for rural livelihoods that may be associated with a forest conservation agenda driven by the additional impetus of carbon sequestration. The search for synergy may be conceptually laudable, but if forest management actions do not take account of on-the-ground contexts of constraints and social trade-offs then the result of those actions risks undermining wider livelihood resilience.},

note = {© The Author(s) 2016 Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{599e7aaf07794be9956c05b6729d272e,

title = {Strengthening capacities for disaster risk management II: Lessons for effective support},

author = {Roger Few and Zoe Scott and Kelly Wooster and Mireille Flores Avila and Marcela Tarazona},

doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.02.005},

issn = {2212-4209},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-12-01},

journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},

volume = {20},

pages = {154–162},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Across the world there are many initiatives and interventions taking place that directly or indirectly contribute to strengthening capacity for DRM. This paper discusses findings from a 2-year research project on DRM capacity development in lower and middle income countries. The research team undertook case studies of 13 recent or ongoing initiatives across six countries, complemented with an international survey of DRM practitioners. The paper therefore draws lessons from a range of different types of programme to explore the progress being made on the ground toward enhanced capacity development and identify a framework of principles that can serve to underpin effective support in this field. The findings coalesce around concerns related to issues of adaptability, ownership and sustainability, inclusion of actors and scales, the functional scope of capacity development, and the extent to which programmes reflect the wider aspects of DRR. These are factors that ultimately may either derail the success of initiatives, or, when positively addressed, may facilitate the achievement of long-term capacity gains.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{b778a7043eda457598f178ffc1192493,

title = {Recommendations for dealing with waste contaminated with Ebola virus: A hazard analysis of critical control points approach},

author = {Kelly Edmunds and Samira Abd Elrahman and Diana Bell and Julii Brainard and Samir Dervisevic and Tsimbiri P. Fedha and Roger Few and Guy Howard and Iain Lake and Peter Maes and Joseph Matofari and Harvey Minnigh and Ahmed A. Mohamedani and Maggie Montgomery and Sarah Morter and Edward Muchiri and Lutendo S. Mudau and Benedict M. Mutua and Julius M. Ndambuki and Katherine Pond and Mark D. Sobsey and Mike Es and Mark Zeitoun and Paul R. Hunter},

doi = {10.2471/BLT.15.163931},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-06-01},

journal = {Bulletin WHO},

volume = {94},

number = {6},

pages = {424–432},

abstract = {Objective: To assess, within communities experiencing Ebola virus outbreaks, the risks associated with the disposal of human waste and to generate recommendations for mitigating such risks. Methods: A team with expertise in the Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points framework identified waste products from the care of individuals with Ebola virus disease and constructed, tested and confirmed flow diagrams showing the creation of such products. After listing potential hazards associated with each step in each flow diagram, the team conducted a hazard analysis, determined critical control points and made recommendations to mitigate the transmission risks at each control point. Findings: The collection, transportation, cleaning and shared use of blood-soiled fomites and the shared use of latrines contaminated with blood or bloodied faeces appeared to be associated with particularly high levels of risk of Ebola virustransmission. More moderate levels of risk were associated with the collection and transportation of material contaminated with bodily fluids other than blood, shared use of latrines soiled with such fluids, the cleaning and shared use of fomites soiled with such fluids, and the contamination of the environment during the collection and transportation of blood-contaminated waste. Conclusion: The risk of the waste-related transmission of Ebola virus could be reduced by the use of full personal protective equipment, appropriate hand hygiene and an appropriate disinfectant after careful cleaning. Use of the Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points framework could facilitate rapid responses to outbreaks of emerging infectious disease.},

note = {© 2016. The Authors; licensee the World Health Organization. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution IGO License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/legalcode), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In any reproduction of this article there should not be any suggestion that WHO or this article endorse any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. This notice should be preserved along with the article's original URL.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{5cabbe8db7914bebbe512b5eed685e3b,

title = {Monitoring and evaluating disaster risk management capacity},

author = {Zoe Scott and Kelly Wooster and Roger Few and Anne Thomson and Marcela Tarazona},

doi = {10.1108/DPM-01-2016-0002},

issn = {0965-3562},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Disaster Prevention and Management},

volume = {25},

number = {3},

pages = {412–422},

publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.},

abstract = {Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on improving the monitoring and evaluation of DRM capacity development initiatives. Design/methodology/approach – The paper first explores the complexities and challenges presented in the literature, before using empirical data from a research project in six countries (Ethiopia, Pakistan, Myanmar, Philippines, Haiti and Mozambique) to discuss current approaches to M & E of DRM capacity strengthening interventions. Findings – This is generally an area of technical weakness in the initiatives studied, with poor understanding of terminology, little attention to outcomes or impact and few independent evaluations. The need for greater inclusion of participants in M & E processes is identified and one programme from the fieldwork in Mozambique is presented as a case study example. Originality/value – The paper ends by presenting a unique M & E framework developed for use by DRM programmes to track the outcomes of their interventions and ultimately raise standards in this area.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{c1e3e54aa2ea4f0688e8181a6342110f,

title = {Perceptions of and adaptation to environmental change in forest-adjacent communities in three African nations},

author = {Nicole Gross-Camp and Roger Few and Adrian Martin},

doi = {10.1505/146554815815500615},

issn = {1465-5489},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-06-01},

journal = {International Forestry Review},

volume = {17},

number = {2},

pages = {153–164},

publisher = {Commonwealth Forestry Association},

abstract = {Semi-structured interviews were used to explore how rural communities near forests are responding to environmental change in three African nations – Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Rwanda. The study first recounts people's perception of environmental change – what are the issues of greatest concern identified by local communities? Second, it explores people's responses to identified environmental problems and in particular the role of forests in these processes. Finally, it concludes with a discussion of changing land management practices, and how their implementation may affect the future adaptation strategies of such communities. Results suggest that people's current and potential responses and adaptation to environmental change are influenced by the availability and access to forests and forest resources, and the degree to which their livelihood strategies have diversified away from forest dependence. Thus we conclude that forest policies such as REDD+ will need to be responsive to diverse forest-based adaptation needs, rather than assuming a 'one size fits all' relationship between forest conservation and adaptation to climate change.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{b2381892eccb4db2be2fed3cb3b2a7eb,

title = {Social vulnerability in three high-poverty climate change hot spots: What does the climate change literature tell us?},

author = {Josephine Tucker and Mona Daoud and Naomi Oates and Roger Few and Declan Conway and Sobona Mtisi and Shirley Matheson},

doi = {10.1007/s10113-014-0741-6},

issn = {1436-3798},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-06-01},

journal = {Regional Environmental Change},

volume = {15},

number = {5},

pages = {783–800},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {This paper reviews the state of knowledge on social vulnerability to climate change in three hot spots (deltas, semi-arid regions and snowpack- or glacier-fed river basins) in Africa, Central Asia and South Asia, using elements of systematic review methods. Social vulnerability is defined as a dynamic state of societies comprising exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. We examine whether the hot spots have specific characteristics that tend to increase or decrease social vulnerability, consider suitable scales of analysis for understanding vulnerability, and explore the conceptions of vulnerability adopted in the climate change literature and the nature of the insights this generates. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps in this literature. All three hot spots are characterized by high levels of natural resource dependence, with increasing environmental degradation. They also exhibit unequal policies and patterns of development, which benefit certain segments of society while making others more vulnerable. Vulnerability is driven by multiple factors operating at different scales; however, characterization of cross-scalar interactions is poorly developed in the majority of studies reviewed. Most studies are either large scale, such as broad comparisons of vulnerability across countries, or local, documenting community-level processes. Detailed understanding of the interactions between climate change impacts on natural systems, and socio-economic trajectories, including adaptation, also emerges as a knowledge gap.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{1da10fe4e26748e99b30ffb0331e2394,

title = {Trajectories of social vulnerability during the Soufrière Hills volcanic crisis},

author = {Anna Hicks and Roger Few},

doi = {10.1186/s13617-015-0029-7},

issn = {2191-5040},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-02-25},

journal = {Journal of Applied Volcanology},

volume = {4},

publisher = {BioMed Central},

abstract = {When some active volcanoes enter into an eruptive phase, they generate a succession of hazard events manifested over a multi-year period of time. Under such conditions of prolonged risk, understanding what makes a population vulnerable to volcanic threats is a complex and nuanced process, and must be analysed within the wider context of physical events, decisions, actions and inactions which may have accentuated the social differentiation of impacts. Further, we must acknowledge the temporal component of vulnerability, therefore our analyses must go beyond a transitory view to an understanding of the dynamics of vulnerability, particularly how inherent socio-economic conditions drive vulnerability today, and how patterns of vulnerability shift during the course of a long-lived crisis.},

note = {© Hicks and Few; licensee Springer. 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{3b23ff43da4f4dcc9b282ce4a55c265e,

title = {Hazard analysis of critical control points assessment as a tool to respond to emerging infectious disease outbreaks},

author = {Kelly Edmunds and Paul Hunter and Roger Few and Diana Bell},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0072279},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-08-14},

journal = {PLoS One},

volume = {8},

number = {8},

publisher = {Public Library of Science},

abstract = {Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) strain H5N1 has had direct and indirect economic impacts arising from direct mortality and control programmes in over 50 countries reporting poultry outbreaks. HPAI H5N1 is now reported as the most widespread and expensive zoonotic disease recorded and continues to pose a global health threat. The aim of this research was to assess the potential of utilising Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) assessments in providing a framework for a rapid response to emerging infectious disease outbreaks. This novel approach applies a scientific process, widely used in food production systems, to assess risks related to a specific emerging health threat within a known zoonotic disease hotspot. We conducted a HACCP assessment for HPAI viruses within Vietnam’s domestic poultry trade and relate our findings to the existing literature. Our HACCP assessment identified poultry flock isolation, transportation, slaughter, preparation and consumption as critical control points for Vietnam’s domestic poultry trade. Introduction of the preventative measures highlighted through this HACCP evaluation would reduce the risks posed by HPAI viruses and pressure on the national economy. We conclude that this HACCP assessment provides compelling evidence for the future potential that HACCP analyses could play in initiating a rapid response to emerging infectious diseases.},

note = {The research was supported by the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)(http://www.nerc.ac.uk). KE was funded by ESRC/NERC studentship ES/F009925/1. The funders provided the latter and had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. © 2013 Edmunds et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{d5c5fb4e22a645be8ef31f5f5978a162,

title = {Global justice and disasters},

author = {Nigel Clark and Vasudha Chhotray and Roger Few},

doi = {10.1111/geoj.12005},

issn = {0016-7398},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-06-01},

journal = {The Geographical Journal},

volume = {179},

number = {2},

pages = {105–113},

publisher = {Wiley},

abstract = {Critical inquiry into the relationship between natural hazards and disasters has raised pressing questions about the uneven exposure and resilience of different social groups. This paper argues that human-induced climate change and its implication in a range of extreme events extends and complicates the pursuit of justice in the context of differentiated vulnerability to hazards. But the challenge of living with natural hazards can provoke and inspire the idea of global environmental justice in other ways. Sustained consideration of the unpredictability of physical environments draws us into engagement with the temporality and spatiality of earth processes. It points to the ways that any extended place-based inhabitation must involve demanding accommodations to environmental uncertainty – raising questions about how to ‘do justice’ to these achievements. Confronting forms of hardship that are triggered by the dynamics of the earth itself can also be taken as a prompt to conceive of environmental justice not only in regard to what others deserve or are entitled to, but in terms of what might be offered simply in response to their suffering. In this way, the paper proposes, thinking through natural hazard and disaster might play a part in re-imagining the very concept of environmental justice.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{9320ae997b974c0d9db232d0248aeab3,

title = {Seasonality, disease and behavior: Using multiple methods to explore socio-environmental health risks in the Mekong Delta},

author = {Roger Few and Iain Lake and Paul R. Hunter and Pham Gia Tran},

doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.12.027},

issn = {0277-9536},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-03-01},

journal = {Social Science & Medicine},

volume = {80},

pages = {1–9},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Any analysis of how changing environmental hazards impact on public health is fundamentally constrained unless it recognizes the centrality of the social and behavioral dimensions of risk. This paper reports on a research project conducted among low-income peri-urban households in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. The research was based on cross-disciplinary inputs to develop a multi-layered understanding of the implications of a dynamic seasonal environment for diarrheal disease risk. It is a widely held assumption that the major changes in the abundance of surface water between the flood and dry seasons in the Mekong Delta are likely to be reflected in the changing patterns of disease risk, especially for poorer households that tend to rely heavily on river water for domestic water use. Therefore, this study investigated seasonal patterns in the contamination of environmental water, incidences of diarrheal illnesses, water use and hygiene behavior, together with perceptions of health risks and seasonality. During the period of October 2007 to October 2008, the UK and Vietnamese research team worked with a total of 120 households in four low-income sites around the city of Long Xuyen to conduct water testing; administer questionnaires on self-reported health, risk perceptions and behavior; and conduct semi-structured interviews. The research team found no overall evidence of a systematic seasonal risk pattern. At the population level, marginal temporal variations in water quality in the environment failed to translate into health outcomes. A complex risk narrative emerged from the interweaving data elements, demonstrating major inter- and intra-household variations in risk perceptions, hygiene behavior, seasonal behavior and other risk factors. It is suggested that these complexities of human behavior and transmission routes challenge simplistic assumptions about change in health outcomes as a result of seasonal environmental changes. These findings demonstrate the key role social science can play in a holistic and critical analysis of environment and health interactions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{40866c59f76a418ebf01b613fa5b7ac4,

title = {Health behaviour theory, adaptive capacity and the dynamics of disease risk},

author = {Roger Few},

doi = {10.1080/17565529.2012.728128},

issn = {1756-5529},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Climate and Development},

volume = {4},

number = {4},

pages = {301–310},

publisher = {Taylor and Francis},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{194c2bac8dcb44c19bfe5ae568818d92,

title = {Post-disaster recovery and 'ongoing' vulnerability: Ten years after the super-cyclone of 1999 in Orissa, India},

author = {Vasudha Chhotray and Roger Few},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.05.001},

issn = {0959-3780},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions},

volume = {22},

number = {3},

pages = {695–702},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {This paper examines what recovery means in a context where vulnerability cannot be reduced to a single hazard but is an ongoing aspect of life. It analyses convergences in trajectories of livelihood and shelter for two sites in coastal Orissa, despite important differences in hazard exposure and the nature of external assistance available in the aftermath of a major disaster: the super-cyclone of 1999. It critically examines processes and prospects for recovery, in situations where entrenched ongoing vulnerability compounded by severe limitations on grassroots adaptive capacity and weak institutional support deeply undermine even recovery to a pre-disaster state let alone a condition of greater resilience. While recognising the structural constraints on institutional performance, it signals the need for a fundamental change in state approach if resilience building is to be fostered in communities that are chronically at risk from hazards.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{aa6759b79d9548d0b58f8975282423a5,

title = {Social risks and challenges in post-disaster resettlement: the case of Lake Nyos, Cameroon},

author = {Henry Ngenyam Bang and Roger Few},

doi = {10.1080/13669877.2012.705315},

issn = {1366-9877},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Risk Research},

volume = {15},

number = {9},

pages = {1141–1157},

publisher = {Routledge},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cf714fc22cec4af0bad2157dd1cf77c3,

title = {Investigating Vietnam's ornamental bird trade: implications for transmission of zoonoses},

author = {Kelly Edmunds and Scott I. Roberton and Roger Few and Simon Mahood and Phuong L. Bui and Paul R. Hunter and Diana J. Bell},

doi = {10.1007/s10393-011-0691-0},

issn = {1612-9202},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-03-01},

journal = {EcoHealth},

volume = {8},

number = {1},

pages = {63–75},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {Global wildlife trade is financially lucrative, frequently illegal and increases the risk for zoonotic disease transmission. This paper presents the first interdisciplinary study of Vietnam's illegal wild bird trade focussing on those aspects which may contribute to the transmission of diseases such as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1. Comparing January 2009 data with that of May 2007, we found a five-fold increase to 9,117 birds on sale in Hanoi. Ninety-five percent of Hanoian bird vendors appear unaware of trade regulations and across Vietnam vendors buy birds sourced outside of their province. Approximately 25% of the species common to Vietnam's bird trade are known to be HPAI H5N1 susceptible. The anthropogenic movement of birds within the trade chain and the range of HPAI-susceptible species, often traded alongside poultry, increase the risk Vietnam's bird trade presents for the transmission of pathogens such as HPAI H5N1. These results will assist in the control and monitoring of emerging zoonotic diseases and conservation of Southeast Asia's avifauna.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{f0f7b475084f44ef80f7e447498db419,

title = {Climatic hazards, health risk and response in Vietnam: case studies on social dimensions of vulnerability},

author = {Roger Few and Pham Gia Tran},

doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.02.004},

issn = {0959-3780},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-08-01},

journal = {Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions},

volume = {20},

number = {3},

pages = {529–538},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{692b,

title = {Seasonal hazards and health risks in lower-income countries: field testing a multi-disciplinary approach},

author = {R Few and I Lake and PR Hunter and PG Tran and Vu Trong Thien},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Health},

volume = {8},

number = {(Suppl 1)},

chapter = {S16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{67abb27c64e4496eac2e57c07d48d394,

title = {Seasonal hazards and health risks in lower-income countries: Field testing a multi-disciplinary approach},

author = {Roger Few and Iain Lake and Paul R. Hunter and Pham Gia Tran and Vu Trong Thien},

doi = {10.1186/1476-069X-8-S1-S16},

issn = {1476-069X},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Health},

volume = {8},

number = {Suppl 1},

publisher = {BioMed Central},

abstract = {Understanding how risks to human health change as a result of seasonal variations in environmental conditions is likely to become of increasing importance in the context of climatic change, especially in lower-income countries. A multi-disciplinary approach can be a useful tool for improving understanding, particularly in situations where existing data resources are limited but the environmental health implications of seasonal hazards may be high. This short article describes a multi-disciplinary approach combining analysis of changes in levels of environmental contamination, seasonal variations in disease incidence and a social scientific analysis of health behaviour. The methodology was field-tested in a peri-urban environment in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, where poor households face alternate seasonal extremes in the local environment as the water level in the Delta changes from flood to dry season. Low-income households in the research sites rely on river water for domestic uses, including provision of drinking water, and it is commonly perceived that the seasonal changes alter risk from diarrhoeal diseases and other diseases associated with contamination of water. The discussion focuses on the implementation of the methodology in the field, and draws lessons from the research process that can help in refining and developing the approach for application in other locations where seasonal dynamics of disease risk may have important consequences for public health.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{e88129b0112346b19ce89363b79cd37a,

title = {Scenario-based stakeholder engagement: incorporating stakeholders preferences into coastal planning for climate change},

author = {Emma L. Tompkins and Roger Few and Katrina Brown},

doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.025},

issn = {0301-4797},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-09-01},

journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},

volume = {88},

number = {4},

pages = {1580–1592},

publisher = {Academic Press Inc.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{1305,

title = {Scenario-based stakeholder engagement: incorporating stakeholders preferences into coastal planning for climate change},

author = {E Tompkins and R Few and K Brown},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},

volume = {88},

pages = {1580-1592},

chapter = {1580},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}